RMM - Inequalities Marathon 301 - 400

ROM A N IA N MAT HEMAT IC AL MAG AZINE

Founding Editor
DANIEL SITARU
Available online ISSN-L 2501-0099
www.ssmrmh.ro
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RMM
INEQUALITIES
MARATHON
301 – 400
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Proposed by
Daniel Sitaru – Romania,Marian Ursărescu – Romania
Vadim Mitrofanov-Kiev-Ukraine,Nguyen Van Nho-Nghe An-Vietnam
Le Minh Cuong-Ho Chi Minh-Vietnam,George Apostolopoulos-
Messolonghi-Greece, Seyran Ibrahimov-Maasilli-
Azerbaidian,Dimitris Kastriotis-Athens-Greece,Lazaros Zachariadis-
Thessaloniki-Greece,Hoang Le Nhat Tung – Hanoi – Vietnam, Eliezer
Okeke-Nigeria, Vasile Mircea Popa – Romania
Rovsen Pirguliyev-Sumgait-Azerbaijan,Sudhir Jha-Kolkata-India
Mustafa Tarek-Cairo-Egypt, Le Ngo Duc-Vietnam
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Solutions by
Daniel Sitaru – Romania, Nassim Nicholas Taleb-USA
Mohamed Alhafi-Aleppo-Syria, Nguyen Van Nho-Nghe An-Vietnam
Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India, Tran Hong-Vietnam
Sarah El-Kenitra-Morocco, Amit Dutta-Jamshedpur-India
Serban George Florin-Romania, Omran Kouba-Damascus-Syria
Marian Ursărescu-Romania, Michael Sterghiou-Greece
Le Van-Hanoi-Vietnam, Jamal Gadirov-Azerbaijan
Khaled Abd Imouti-Damascus-Syria, Sanong Huayrerai-Nakon Pathom-
Thailand, Lahiru Samarakoon-Sri Lanka, Christos Eythimiou-Greece
Catinca Alexandru-Romania, Soumitra Mandal-Chandar Nagore-India
Khanh Hung Vu-Ho Chi Minh-Vietnam, Madan Mastermind-Varanasi-India
Abdallah El Farissi-Bechar-Algerie, Boris Colakovic-Belgrade-Serbia
Lazaros Zachariades-Thessaloniki-Greece, Trinh An-Vietnam
Ravi Prakash-New Delhi-India, Dimitris Kastriotis-Athens-Greece
Antonis Anastasiadis-Greece, Shafiqur Rahman-Bangladesh
Do Huu Duc Thinh-Vietnam, Rovsen Pirguliyev-Sumgait-Azerbaijian
Michel Rebeiz-Lebanon, Sagar Kumar-Patna Bihar-India
Remus Florin Stanca-Romania, Rade Krenkov-Strumica-Macedonia
Hoang Le Nhat Tung-Hanoi-Vietnam, Sudhir Jha-Kolkata-India
Artan Ajredini-Presheva-Serbie, Ruangkhaw Chaoka-Chiangrai-Thailand
Shreeyes Biswal-India, Myagmarsuren Yadamsuren-Darkhan-Mongolia
Avishek Mitra-West Bengal-India
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301. If , , > 0, + = , + = then:
+
+ + + ≥ + √

Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania

Solution 1 by Mohamed Alhafi-Aleppo-Syria
Since + = , + = we must have: = . So, our inequality is:

+ + ≥ + √ ⇔ + + ≥ + √ . Let = + , = then:

= + ⇒ = so, we need to show: + ≥ + √ or

− +√ − + + √ ≥ . Let ( ) = − +√ − + +√
( )= − + √ − = − − √ −
Clearly ( ) < 0 for < ≤ √ so, is decreasing on the interval , √ . Now, by
( )
Titu’s inequality we have: = + ≥ ⇒ √ ≥ . So, ( ) ≥ √ = and

we are done.
Solution 2 by Nguyen Van Nho-Nghe An-Vietnam
From: + = and + = → = → =

The inequality ⇔ + + ≥ + √ → (*)

LHS (*) = √ + √ + + − √ ( + ) (1)

√ + √ + ≥ √ ⋅ √ ⋅ = (2)

and: < + ≤ ( + )= , − √ < 0 (3)

From (2) & (3) → (*) ≥ + − √ √ = +√ = (done)
Solution 3 by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India
+
∀ , , > 0| + = , + = , + + + ≥ + √

+ = + (= ) ⇒ =

∵ < , <1& + = , we can let = , = < <

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( )
∴ given inequality becomes: + + ≥ +√ ⇔ + + ≥ +√

Let ( ) = + + ; ( )= − + − = ⇔
+ ( )
⇔( − ) − = ;

+
= ≤ =

∴ = ≤ ⇒ ≤ <2
√
Now, + ≥ √ = > (∵ < 2)
+ + ( )
∴ >1⇒ 1− < ,∀ ∈ ,

(2), (3) ⇒ ( )= ⇔ = ⇔ = . Also,

= + − − | >0

∴ ( ) = = + √ ⇒ (1) is true (proved)

Solution 4 by Tran Hong-Vietnam

+ = ⇒ =
+ =

= , >0⇒ + = ⇒ =
+

= ⇒ =
√ + √ +
+ + + +
: + + + = + = √ ⋅ + √ + +
+ + +

+ − √ (*)

+ +
√ + √ + ≥ √ ⋅ √ ⋅ =
√ + √ + √ + √ +

= ⋅ = ; ≤√ ⇔ + ≤ ( + )⇔ ≤( − ) (True)

(*) ≥ +√ − √ = − +√ = +√ (proved)
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= =
„=” ⇔ = ⇔ ⇔ = = =
+ = √

302. If , , > 0 then:

√ √ ( )
+ + + + ≥
( + + )
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India
√ √ ( ) ( )
+ + + + ≥
( + + )

⋅ ⋅
+ + = + + + + + + + ≥ =
()

Also, + + = + + + + + + + ≥ =
( )
? ( ) ? ?
(i), (ii) ⇒ LHS of (1) ≥ ≥ (∑ )
⇔ (∑ ) ≥ ⇔∑ ≥ √ ⋅ ⋅

→ true by A-G (proved)

303. If ≥ ≥ then:

− + − + − +√ ( + + )≥ + + + + +
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution 1 by Sarah El-Kenitra-Morocco

√ − +√ = + + ( − )≥ + hence

√ − +√ ≥√ + . Using the same method, we get

√ − +√ ≥√ + and √ − +√ ≥√ + . After the sum we get

− + − + − +√ ( + )≥ + + + + +
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But we have ≥ therefore √ − +√ − +√ − +√ ( + + )≥

≥ + + + + +
Solution 2 by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India
√ + ( )
− + ( + )≥ + ⇔ ≥ + − −
√
∵√ + −√ − > 0 as + > −
( )
∴ (1) ⇔ ≥ + + − −√ − = − √ −

⇔ + + ≥ − − ⇔ − ≥( + )( − )
⇔ ( + )( + )( − ) ≥ ( + ) ( − )
⇔ ( − )( + + + )≥ → true ∴ ≥ ≥
√ ( )
∴ − + ( + ) ≥ +
( ) ( )
√ √
Similarly, √ − + ( + ) ≥ √ + and, √ − + ( + )≥√ +

(a)+(b)+(c)⇒ √ − +√ − +√ − +√ ( + + )≥
≥√ + +√ + +√ + (Proved)

304. If < ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ then:

√ + √ + √ ≤ √
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution 1 by Amit Dutta-Jamshedpur-India
Let = √ + √ + √ . Now, we have √ ≤√ .
Because, ( ) ≤( ) ⇒ ≤ (1)
Now, we have ≤ , ≤ ⇒ ≤ . So, (1) is true ⇒ hence √ ≤√
≤ √ + √ + √ ; ≤ √ + √
Also, we have √ ≤√ . Because, ( ) ≤( ) ⇒ ≤ (3)
∵ ≤ , ≤ , ≤ ⇒ ≤ → True
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And hence √ ≤√ ; ≤ √ + √ ≤ √
Also, we have √ =√ ⇒( ) ≤( ) ⇒ ≤
∵ ≤ , ≤ , ≤ , ≤ ⇒ ≤ and hence √ ≤√ ⇒
⇒ ≤ √ (proved)
Solution 2 by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India

Let = , = , = , = , =
∴ = , = , = , = , = & ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤
∴ given inequality becomes:
( )
+ + ≤
≥ , , ,
, , ,
Now, ( ) ≥ ( )=
( )

Again, ( ) ≥ ( )

≥ ( )=
( )

Also, ( ) ≥ ( )

≥ ( )=
( )

(a)+(b)+(c)⇒ (1) is true (proved)

305. If , , ∈ ℝ, + + = then:
| +( + ) + |≤
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution by Tran Hong-Vietnam
We have: ≤ , , ≤ then: | + ( + ) + | = |( + )( + )|
=( + ) ( + ) ≤[ ( + )][ ( + )] = ( − )( + )
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( )
≤ ( − + + ) = = ⇒ | +( + )+ |≤ . Proved.

√
306. If ≤ ≤ then:

+ √ −√ + + − √ +√ + ≥

Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania

Solution 1 by Amit Dutta-Jamshedpur-India
We use the fundamental inequality
+ +√ + ≥ ( + ) +( + ) (1)
Equality holds when =

√ −√
+ √ −√ + = + +

√ −√ √ −√ √ −√ √ +
= + + − = + +
√

√ √ √
⇒ + √ −√ + =√ + + (2)
√

√ √ √
Similarly, − √ −√ + =√ − +
√

√ √ √
=√ − + (3)
√

Adding (2) & (3)

+ √ −√ + + − √ +√ + =

√ −√ √ + √ +√ √ −
=√ + + + − +
√ √

( ) √ −√ √ +√ √ + √ −
≥ √ + + − + +
√ √
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√ −√ +√ +√ √ + +√ −
≥√ + ≥√ + ≥√ ×√ ≥
√

∴ + √ −√ + + − √ −√ + ≥ (proved)

√ √ √
√
Equality occurs when: √ √
= √
. From (i), equality holds when =
√

√ √
Solving, we get = ∴ Equality holds when =

Solution 2 by Serban George Florin-Romania

√
: , → ℝ, ( ) = + √ −√ + + − √ +√ +

+√ −√ −√ −√
− , ( )= +
+ √ −√ + − √ +√ +

( )= ⇒ +√ −√ − √ +√ + = √ +√ − ⋅

⋅ + √ −√ + | , +√ −√ − √ +√ + =

= √ +√ − + √ −√ +

+ √ −√ + − √ ⋅ − √ +√ + =

= − √ +√ + + √ ⋅ + √ −√ +

⇒ − √ +√ + + √ −√ − (− ) +

+ √ −√ + − √ − √ − √ + − √ =

= + √ − √ + − √ +√ − ( − )

− √ +√ + + √ + − √ − √ + + √ ,

⇒− √ − √ + √ − √ + √ − √ +
− √ − √ + √ − √ = √ − √ − √
− √ − √ − √ + + √ − √ − √ + √ ⇒
⇒− √ + √ + √ − √ = |: (− )
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√ − √ −√ + √ = ; √ − √ + √ = , =
√ +√ √ √ √ √ √ −√ √ √ √
= = = = = ; = = = =
√ √ √ √ √ √
√ √
−∞ ∞

( ) −−−−−−−−−−
( ) ∞ √ −

( ) = −√ < 0, ( ) = √ − = √ − >0

√ √ √
= ⇒ : , → ℝ, ↘⇒ ( ) ≥ , (∀) ∈ ,

Solution 3 by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India

( )
+ √ −√ + + − √ +√ + ≥

(1) ⇔ − √ −√ + + − √ +√ + +

+ − √ −√ + − √ +√ + ≥ (upon squaring)

( )
⇔ − √ −√ + − √ +√ + ≥ √ −

√ √
∵ ≤ < ∴√ − >0⇒√ − >0

∴ (2) ⇔ ( + ) −( + ) √ +√ −( + ) √ −√ +

+ √ +√ √ −√ ≥ + − √ (upon squaring)

⇔ + + −( + ) √ + ≥ + − √

⇔ + − √ − √ ≥− √

⇔ + − √ ≥ ⇔ √ −√ ≥ → true ∴ (1) is true, with equality at

√ √
= = (proved)
√
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307. If , , , , , ≥ then:
+ + + + + ≤ +
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution 1 by Omran Kouba-Damascus-Syria
Let be the following property: ∀( ,…, ) ∈ [ , +∞) , ∑ ≤∏ + −
We will prove that holds true for every positive integer by induction. Clearly,
is trivially true, and follows from ( − )( − ) ≥ . Now, suppose we have
proved and consider ( ,…, ) ∈ [ , +∞) .

= +

≤ +∏ + − using
≤ ⋅∏ + + − using

= +

So, is also true, and this completes the proof of by induction for all ≥ .
Choosing some of the ’s equal yields the following generalization:
Corollary. Let ,…, be real numbers greater or equal to , and let ,…, be
positive integers, then:

≤ + −

For example, with ( ,…, ) = ( , , , , , ) and ( ,…, ) = ( , , , , , ) we

get + + + + + ≤ + for all , , , , , ≥
Solution 2 by Marian Ursărescu-Romania
Inequality ⇔
≥ − + − + ( − )+ ( − )+ − + − + (1)
Let = − , = − , = − , = − , = − , = −
, , , , , ≥
(1) becomes: ( + )( + )( + ) ( + ) ( + )( + )≥
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≥ + + + + + + ⇔
⇔( + )( + ) + + + + ( + )( + )≥
≥ + + + + + +
By brute force ⇒ + + + + + + + ( , , , , )≥
≥ + + + + + + ⇔ ( , , , , , )≥ with equality for
= = = = = ⇔ = = = = = =
Observation: scientific method by induction.

308. If , , > 0, ( + + )= then:

+ ( + )( + )≥

Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania

Solution 1 by Tran Hong-Vietnam
Let = , = , = ⇒ = , = , = ⇒ ( + + )=

Inequality ⇔ ( + )( + )( + )≥ ( )
⇔( + + + )( + + + )( + + + )≥ ( ) (*)
(Because: = ( + + ))
( )
+ + + ≥ √ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ = ( ) (1)

Similarly: + + + ≥ ( ) (2)

+ + + ≥ ( ) (3)
( ).( ).( )
⇒ (∗) ≥ ( ) = ( ) ⇒ Proved.

Solution 2 by Michael Sterghiou-Greece

( + + )= (c), then: + + + ≥ (1)

Let = , = , = : = . From (c) ≥ ⋅ ⋅

or = ≤ . Also, (c)→ ( + + )= (2). Let

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( , , )= ∑ ;∑ , .

We have ⋅ = , ≤ , ≥ = → ≥√

Now, (2) reduces to:

∏ ( + )≥ or + ∑ + ∑ (3)
+ ≥ . But ∑ = − ,∑ = − hence (3) reduces to
− − ≥ because = . It suffices to prove the stronger inequality

− ⋅ ⋅ − ⋅ ≥ or − − ≥ for ≥ √ or

−√ + √ ≥ which holds. Done!

Solution 3 by Le Van-Hanoi-Vietnam
Let = , = ; = and = the problem becomes:
Given , , > 0 such that ( + + ) = , prove:

+ + + ≥ (*)
( )
Indeed, LHS (*) = ∏ = ∏[ ( + )( + )]

= [( + )( + )( + )] . Accordingly, that is enough to prove that:

[( + )( + )( + )] ≥ ⇒ ( + )( + )( + ) ≥ (**)
Indeed, LHS (**) – RHS (**)= ( − ) + ( − ) + ( − ) ≥
Q.E.D. Equality holds when = = = √ in other words,

( , , )= ,√ ,
√ √

309. If , ∈ ℝ then:
( + − ) ≤( + )
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution 1 by Nguyen Van Nho-Nghe An-Vietnam
Case 1: = then = = → true
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Case 2: ≠ , put = , ∈ ℝ. The inequality becomes:

( + − ) ≤ ( + ) ↔( + − )≤( + )

↔ − + + + ≥
↔( − ) + + + + + ≥ → (*)
Using Cauchy’s inequality: + + ≥ √ = | |
and | | + ≥ , ∀ so, (*) is true. Done.
Solution 2 by Tran Hong-Vietnam
( +2 −3 ) = + + + − −
( + ) = + + + . Must show that:
+ + + − − ≤ + + +
⇔ + + + − ≥
⇔ ( + + + − )≥
⇔ ( + ) ( − + )≥
It is true, because: ≥ ;( + ) ≥ ; − + = +( − ) ≥
Solution 3 by Jamal Gadirov-Azerbaijan
+ + + − − ≤ + + ⋅ ( + )
= + + + + + +
≤ + + +

≤ + + + ; ≤ + + +

?
≤ + + + + + − + ≥
Factorizing, gives: ( + ) ( − + )≥
Here = and W.L.O.G we have assumed ≠ .

310. , , , ≥ , ≥ ≥ ≥
+ + + + + +
= −√ , = −√ , = −√

Prove that:
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( + + )≥( + + )( + + )
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution by Tran Hong-Vietnam
We prove that: ≥ ≥ ≥
∵ ≥ ⇔ + + + −√ ≥ + + −√ ⇔ + √ ≥ √
It is true because:

+ √ = +√ +√ +√ ≥ [ ] = √

∵ ≥ ⇔ + + − √ ≥ + − √ ⇔ + √ ≥ √

It is true because: + √ = +√ +√ ≥ ( ) = √

∵ ≥ ⇔ ≥ ⇔ + ≥ √ (true). Similarly: , ≥ .
Hence: ≥ ≥ ≥ . More, ≥ ≥ ≥ then using Chebyshev’s inequality:

+ + ≥ ( + + )( + + )

⇔ ( + + )≥( + + )( + + ). Proved

311. GENERALIZATION FOR HUNG NGUYEN VIET’S INEQUALITY

If , , , , , > 0, + + = then:
+ + ≥( + + )√ + +
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution 1 by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India

+ + = + +

(∑ ) (∑ )
≥ ≥ ∵ ≤
∑ (∑ )
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(∑ )
⇒ ≥ (∵ = + + )
(∑ )

⇒ (∑ ) ≥ (∑ ) ⇒ ∑ ≥ (∑ ) ∑ (proved)
Solution 2 by Khaled Abd Imouti-Damascus-Syria
?
+ + ≥( + + )√ + + . Suppose: = and = . So:
? ? ? ?
≥ ⋅ ⋅ ; ≥ ⋅√ ⋅ ; ≥ ⋅ ; ≥
( + + ) ? ( + + )
− ≤ ; ≤

?
Let us prove: ( + + ) ≤( + + )
From assumption: + + = divided by

+ + = by using Hölder’s inequality:

( + + )
≥ ⇒( + + ) ≥( + + )
( + + )
Solution 3 by Tran Hong-Vietnam
Let = , = ( , > 0)
⇒ + ( )+ ( )= ( )( )⇔ + + =

⇒ = + + ; = ⋅ + +
√

= ⋅ + + ; + + ≥( + + )√ + +

⇔ + + + + ≥( + + )√ + +
√

+ +
⇔ ( + + )≥( + + )
√
( + + )
⇔ + + ≥
( + + )
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( + + ) ( + + )
+ + ≥ ⋅ = ⋅
+ + + +

Must show that: ( )

≥( )

⇔( + + ) ≥ ( + + )⇔ + + ≥ + +
It is true. Proved.
Solution 4 by Sanong Huayrerai-Nakon Pathom-Thailand
For , , , , , > 0 and + + =
( )
We have = + + ≥ ( )

Hence ( + + )≥( + + ) . Hence ( + + ) ≥( + + )

Hence + + ≥( + + ) ( + + )

312. If , , , ∈ ℝ then:
( + + + ) ≥ ( + + + )
Proposed by Marian Ursărescu – Romania
Solution by Lahiru Samarakoon-Sri Lanka
−
+ + + + + + + + +
−( + + + )
⇒ + + + + + − − + −
( − + − )

− ≥ ; > ; (proved)

313. If , , > 0, + + +2= then:

+ + ≥
+ + +
Proposed by Vadim Mitrofanov-Kiev-Ukraine
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Solution 1 by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India
ö (∑ ) (∑ ) (∑ )
= ≥ ≥ ∵ ≤
+ ∑ +∑ (∑ )
+∑
? ?
= ( =∑ )≥ ⇔ ≥ . Now, =∑ ≥ √ = √ ( = )
( ) ( )

( )
(1), (2) ⇒ it suffices to prove: √ ≥ ⇔ ≥

Now, − =∑ ≥ √ ⇒ − ≥ √ ⇒( − ) − ≥

⇒ ( − )( + ) ≥ ⇒ ≥ ⇒ (3) is true (proved)

Solution 2 by Marian Ursărescu-Romania
+ = , + = , + = . Then + + + = ⇒
− + − + − + = ( − )( − )( − ) ⇒
+ + − = + + + − − − − ⇒

= + + ⇒ + + = (1)

Inequalities becomes: + + ≥ ⇔ − + − + − ≥ ⇔ use (1) ⇔

+ + ≥ (true because: + + ≥ ⋅ ⋅ = )

314. If , , ≥ then:

+ ( + ) + ≥ √
+ +
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India
( )
Given inequality ⇔ ∑( + ) + ≥ √ −

LHS of (1) = ∑ +∑ =∑ + ≥ ∑ ⋅
( )
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Let ( ) = ∀ ≥ . We have ( )=

and ( )= , ( )= iff = or = √ −

( )= with ( ) = and √ − > 0 with √ − = √ −

( )
∴ ( )∀ ≥ attains its minimum at = √ − and = √ −

(2), (3) ⇒ ≥ √ − = √ − ⇒ (1) is true (proved)

315. For , , ∈ ( ; +∞) ∧ = . Prove:

+ + +
+ + ≤ ( + + ).

Proposed by Nguyen Van Nho-Nghe An-Vietnam

Solution 1 by Christos Eythimiou-Greece
+ + +
, , >0∧ =1⇒ + + ≤ ( + + )

+ + + + + +
, , >0∧ =1⇒ + + = + +

= ( ) + ( ) + ( ) + ( ) + ( ) + ( ) ≤
+ + + + + +
+ + + + + = ( + + )

Solution 2 by Catinca Alexandru-Romania

= + + + + + =

+ + + ( )
= ⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅ =

= ( + )+ ( + )+ ( + )=
( )
=( + + )+( + + ) ≤
≤( + + )+( + + )= ( + + )=
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Solution 3 by Marian Ursărescu-Romania
= we show this: ( + ) +( + ) +( + ) ≤ ( + + )
But + ≥ ( + ) (1) ⇔ − + − ≥ ⇔
( − )+ ( − )≥ ⇔ ( − )( − )≥ ⇔( − ) ( + + )≥
+ ≥ ( + )
true. From (1) ⇒ + ≥ ( + ) ⇒
+ ≥ ( + )
( + + )≥ ( + )+ ( + )+ ( + )

316. If , , > 0, + + = 3 then:

( + + )≥ + + +
Proposed by Marian Ursărescu-Romania
Solution 1 by Soumitra Mandal-Chandar Nagore-India
Let ( ) = − − for all ∈( , )
( )= − , ( )= − = ( − )≥ ∵ ∈( , )

is convex hence ∑ ( )≥ = ⇒ ∑ ≥ +∑ (proved)

Solution 2 by Khanh Hung Vu-Ho Chi Minh-Vietnam

If , , > 0: + + = 3 then ( + + )≥ + + +
We have − ≥ − ∀ < < 3 (1)
It is true since (1) ⇒ ( − ) ( − − − )≤ ⇒
⇒( − ) [ ( − )− − ]≤
(True since ( − ) ≥ and ( − )− − < −11 < 0)
Similalry, we have − ≥ − ∀ < < 3 (2) and
− ≥ − ∀ < < 3 (3)
(1), (2) and (3) ⇒ ( + + )− + + ≥ ( + + )− ⇒
⇒ ( + + )− + + ≥ ⇒ ( + + )≥ + + +
The equality occurs when = = = .
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317. If , , > 0 then:

( + + + ) + + + ≥

Proposed by Daniel Sitaru-Romania

Solution 1 by Madan Mastermind-Varanasi-India

( + + + )⋅ + + + ≥

≥ so, + + = ; + + = , put =

( + )⋅ + = ( ). Solving ( ) = finding ( )

( )= − = ; = , so = ± ; ( )= =
( ) > 0 so at = ( ) is min. ( ) = so, ( ) ≥ .
Solution 2 by Abdallah El Farissi-Bechar-Algerie

( + + + ) + + + =

= + + + + + + +( + + ) + +

≥ + + =

318. For , , > 0 ∧ + + =3 . Prove:

√ √ √
+ + ≤
√ +√ √ +√ √ +√
Proposed by Nguyen Van Nho-Nghe An-Vietnam
Solution by Marian Ursarescu-Romania
+ + = ⇒ + + = .

Let = , = , = with , , > 0 ∧ + + =

√ √ √

With this notation the inequality becomes: ∑ ≤ ⇔ ∑( )

≤ (1)
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But + ≥ ⇒( + ) ≥ ⇒( )
≤ ⇒( )
≤ (2)

From (1) + (2) the inequality becomes: ∑ ≤ ⇔∑ ≤ (3)

But ∑ ≤∑ = (4) (from hypothesis) .From (3) + (4) = the inequality is true.

319. If , , are positive real numbers such that + + = , then:

√ √
+ + + ( + + )≥
√ + + √ + + √ + +
Proposed by Le Minh Cuong-Ho Chi Minh-Vietnam
Solution 1 by Christos Eythimiou-Greece
√
, , >0∧ + + =3⇒ + + + ( + + )=
√ + + √ + + √ + +
√
+ + + ( + + ) − ( + + ) ≥
√ + + √ + + √ + +
( + + ) √
+ − ( + + ) ≥
√ √ + + +√ √ + + +√ √ + +
( + + ) √
+ − ( + + ) =
√ + + √ + + + + + + + +
( ) √ √ √ √ √
+ − ( + + )= − ( + + )+ =
√ ( )( ) √ ( )

√ + + √ + + √ √ √
+ + − ( + + )+ ≥

√ + + √ + + √ √ √ √
⋅ ⋅ − ( + + )+ =

Solution 2 by Nguyen Duc Viet-Vietnam

By the CBS inequality, we have
( )
∑ =∑ ≥

( + + ) ( + + )
≥ =
( + + )[ ( + + )+ ( + + )+ ( + + )]

Let √ + + = then + + = −
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√ √ √
We will prove that: + ( − )≥ ⇔ −√ + ≥ (true)

The equality holds for = = = .

Solution 3 by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India
ö (∑ )
= ≥
√ + + √ + + ∑ √ + +
(∑ ) (∑ )
= ≥
∑√ √ + + ∑ ∑ +∑ +
(∑ ) (∑ ) (∑ ) √
= = ⇒ ≥ +
∑ (∑ )(∑ ) (∑ )√ (∑ ) ∑
? √ √ ?
≥ = (∑ + ∑ )⇔ + ≥ ( + ) (where =∑ , =
( )

∑ )
?
⇔ ≥ → (1)
( )

If ≤ , RHS of (1) ≤ and ∵ >0∴ of (1) > of (1)

Now, let us consider the case when > , i.e., ∈ ,

? ? ( ) ?
Then, ≥ ⇔ ( )
≥ ⇔ − + − ≥
( )

? ?
(where = ∈ , )⇔ ( − )( − ) ≥ ⇔ − ( − ) ≥ → true

∵ > > . Hence, (1) is true with equality occuring when = ⇔∑ =∑

⇔ = = = (proved)
320. If , , > 0, = 1 then:

+ + +
+ + ≥
+ + +

Proposed by George Apostolopoulos-Messolonghi-Greece

Solution 1 by Abdallah El Farisi-Bechar-Algerie
We have ( ) = is convexe function then
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+ + +
≥ = ( + ) − ≥ ≥( )
+ + +

then ∑ ≥ ∑( ) ≥ ( ) =

Solution 2 by Boris Colakovic-Belgrade-Serbia

Assure ≥ ≥
+
+ = ⋅ + ⋅ ≥ ( + )( + )⇒ ≥ ( + )⇔
+

+
⇔ ≥ ⋅ + ≥ ⋅√ ( ) = ( )
+ √

Similalry ≥ ( ) ; ≥ ( )

≥ ( ) + ( ) + ( ) ≥ ( ) = =

Sign „=” holds for = = = .

Solution 3 by Lazaros Zachariades-Thessaloniki-Greece

+ + + ( + ) + +
≥ ⇔ ≥ ⇔ ≥
⋅ +

Likewise ≥ , ≥

+ + + ( + ) ( + ) ( + )
≥ + + ≥
⋅ ⋅

( ) ⋅ ( ) ⋅ ( )
≥ ⋅ = ( ⋅ ⋅ ) = ⋅ =

Solution 4 by Sanong Huayrerai-Nakon Pathom-Thailand

Because = , , , > 0, we obtain that: + + ≥

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( + )( + ) ( + )( + ) ( + )( + )
≥ + +
( + ) ( + ) ( + )

+ ( + ) ( + ) ( + ) ( + ) ( + )
= + + ≥ + +

( + ) ( + ) ( + ) ( + )( + )( + ) ( )
≥ = ≥ = = × =
× ×

Solution 5 by Trinh An-Vietnam

( ) √
We have: + = + ≥ ( )
⇒ ≥ ( )
≥ ( )
= ≥ =
√

+
⇒ ≥ = =
+ √
√

Solution 6 by Marian Ursărescu-Romania

We use breaking method: we show the following inequality:

≥√ (1)

Proof: ≥√ ⇒ + ≥( + ) √ ⇒

− √ + − √ ≥ ⇒

√ √ − √ + √ √ − √ ≥ ⇒

√ − √ √ − √ ≥ ⇔ − − ≥

obvious, because if ≥ ⇒√ −√ ≥ and √ −√ ≥

≤ ⇒√ −√ ≤ and √ −√ ≤

Using relation (1) ⇒ ∑ ≥∑√ ≥ √ ⇒∑ ≥

321. If , , > 0, + + = 3 then:

+ + > +
+ + + +
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
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Solution by Khanh Hung Vu-Ho Chi Minh-Vietnam
If , , > 0, + + = 3 then +∑ + >∑ + (1)
We have (1) ⇒ + + + + + + + + >

> + + + + +
+ + + + + +
⇒ + + − − +
+ + + +
+ + + − − +
+ + + +
+ + + − − >0
+ + + +

+ + + + + + + +
⇒ ⋅ + ⋅ +
( + )( + )( + )( + ) ( + )( + )( + )( + )

+ ⋅( )( )( )( )
> 0 (True)⇒ Q.E.D.
322. If , , > 0, ∈ ℕ, ≥ , + + = then:

≤
+ + ( )
Proposed by Seyran Ibrahimov-Maasilli-Azerbaidian
Solution by Daniel Sitaru-Romania

= + + ⏞
≥ → ≤ →( ) ≥( ) , ≥

⏞
≤ = =
+ + ( )

= = ≤ ∙ ≤
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
323. If , , ≥ then:

+ + +
+ + ≥ √ +√ +√ +√ +√ +√

Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania

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Solution 1 by Catinca Alexandru-Romania
, , ≥

+
≥ √ + √

+ √ +√ ⎫
≥ = √ ⎪
⇒
⎬
√ +√ ⎪
√ = ≥ √ ⎭

+
⇒ ≥ √ + √ ≥ √ + √

Solution 2 by Ravi Prakash-New Delhi-India

For , ≥ , we first show: ( + )≥ ( + + )
⇔ ( + )≥ ( + + + + + )
⇔ ( + )− − − ≥
⇔ ( − ) + ( − )( − ) ≥
⇔ ( − ) + ( − ) ( + + ) ≥ . Which is true.

Putting = , = , we get: ( + ) ≥ √ +( ) +√

⇒ √ + ≥√ +√ +( ) (1)
√

Similarly, ≥ √ +√ +( ) (2)

≥√ +√ +( ) (3)

Adding (1), (2), (3) we get

+ + +
+ + ≥ √ +√ +√ +( ) +( ) +( )
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Solution 3 by Soumitra Mandal-Chandar Nagore-India

√ + √ ≤ √ ∴ √ ≥ √

√ +√ +
= ≤ ∵√

(proved)

324. If , , > 0, + + = 3, 0 ≤ ≤ 1 then:

+ + + + + ≤

Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania

Solution 1 by Marian Ursărescu-Romania
Because + + = ⇒∃ , , > 0 such that: = , = , = .

Inequality becomes:
⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅ ≤ (1)

Let : ( , +∞) → ℝ, ( ) = ; ( )= , ( )= ( − ) ⇒ ( ) < 0, we

use Jensen’s generalization: ( )+ ( )+ ( )≤ ( + + )
with , , >0∧ + + = . Let = , = , = , = ,

= , = ⇒ + + ≤ = (2)

Let = , = , = , = , = , = ⇒

⇒ + + ⋅ ≤ = (3)

From (2)+(3) ⇒ (1) its true.

Solution 2 by Lahiru Samarakoon-India
?
Assume, + ≥ + (1)

We have to prove: ( − )+ ( − )≥
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( − ) − ≥ ;( − ) ( ) −( ) ≥

Consider = − ≥ (∵ ≤ ≤ )

( − )( − )(( ) +( ) ( ) +⋯+ ( ) )≥
( − ) (( ) +( ) ⋅ + ⋯+( ) )≥ it’s true. So, similarly,
( ) ( )

+ ≥ + (2)

+ ≥ + (3)

(1)+(2)+(3): + + + + + ≤ ∑

But ∑ = ≤ (Proved)
Solution 3 by Michael Stergiou-Greece

+ + + + + ≤ (1)
( )
The function ( ) = with ( )=( − ) < 0 for < 1 is concave. Applying
the generalized Jensen inequality:
⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅
of (1) ≤ ( + + + + + ) = ⋅ = .

If = then (1) is directly true. Done.

Solution 4 by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India
− −
= + ≤ +

− −
∵ > −1 1+ = > 0 > −1 &0 ≤ ≤1 ⇒ ≤ + ( − )
( )
∵ + ≥ > 0 . So, ≤ + ( − ). Similarly,
( ) ( ) ( )
≤ + ( − ), ≤ + ( − ), ≤ + ( − ),
( ) ( )
≤ + ( − ), ≤ + ( − )

(1)+(2)+(3)+(4)+(5)+(6)⇒ LHS
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∑
≤ ∑ + ( − + − + − + − + − + − ) = + ⋅ =

325. If , ∈ , then:

( + ) ⋅( + )
≤
( ) ⋅( ) ⋅( ) ⋅( )
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India
Let = , = , = , =
( )
( ) ( )
Then, given inequality ⇔ ≤
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
Now, √ ≥ = ⇒ ≥ . Similarly, ≥

( ) ⋅( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
(a).(b)⇒ ≥ = = ⇒

( ) ( )
⇒ ≤ ⇒ (1) is true (Proved)

326. Let , , > 0 and + + = . Prove that:

⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅ ≤
+ + +
Proposed by Dimitris Kastriotis-Athens-Greece
Solution 1 by Soumitra Mandal-Chandar Nagore-India
+ + = then ( + + )≤( + + ) ⇒( + + )( + + )≤

≤( + + ) ⇒ + + ≤ + + . Let ( ) = for all ∈( , )

then ( )= ⇒ ( )=− − < 0 for all ∈( , )

( )√ ( ) √
( )( )

Hence is concave function, then:

+ + + +
+ + ⏞ ⎛ + + ⎞
≤ ≤
+ + + + +
+ + +
⎝ ⎠
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≤ = ⇒∑ ≤ (proved)

Solution 2 by Chris Kyriazis-Athens-Greece

I will use that:
1) Function ( ) = , > 0 is concave (because ( )=− <0
( ) ( )

2) Function is strictly increasing when < < 1, ( ) = >0

3) ≤ , when , , > 0, + + = 3

Proof:
( + ) ( + ) ( + )
+ + ≤ + + =
+ + + ( + ) ( + ) ( + )
+ +
+ + + + + +
= ≤ = =

So, ≤

Now, (using (1)) applying Jensen’s inequality with weights , , , gives then:

+ + + + +
≤( + + ) =
+ +

+ + ( )
= + + + ≤ = ⋅ =
( )

because =

Solution 3 by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India

Given inequality can be written as:
( )
+ + ≤
∑ + ∑ + ∑ +
Let ∑ = ,∑ = ,∑ = . Then + + = . Now,
( )
∵ ( )=− < 0, ∀ > 0 ∵ ( ) = , ∀ > 0 is concave,
( )
( )
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( )
∴ by Jensen, LHS of (1) = ( )+ ( )+ ( ) ≤ ( + + )=
+ +
∑ ∑
= = ∵ ≤ = ∴ ≤
∑ ∑ +
∑ +
∑ ( )
∴ − ≤ − = ⇒ ≤
∑ + + ∑ +

(2),(3)⇒ LHS of (1) ≤ = = RHS of (1) (proved)

327. Let ∈ ℕ∗ ∧ ≥ and , ,…, ∈ ( ; +∞). Prove:

⋯
… ≤
Proposed by Nguyen Van Nho-Nghe An-Vietnam
Solution 1 by Dimitris Kastriotis-Athens-Greece

≤ , ∈ ( , ∞)

≤ ⇔ + ≤ ⇔ + − ≤ , ∈ ( , ∞)

( )= + − , ∈ ( , ∞); ( )= + − , ∈ ( , ∞)

( )= ⇒ + − = ⇒ =

( )=− − < 0, ∈ ( , ∞) ⇒ { ( )| < < ∞} = ( ) =

⇒ ( )≤ ( )= ⇒ ≤ + − ≤ , ∈ ( , ∞) ⇒ < , ∈ ( , ∞)

⋯
⇒ … ≤

Solution 2 by Tran Hong-Vietnam

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We prove that: ≤ − ;∀ > 0 ⇔ − − ≥

− −
( )= − − ; > 0; ( )= − − ; ( )= ⇔ = ⇔ =

+∞
( ) −−−−−−−−− +++++++++
( ) +∞ +∞

⇒ ( )≥ ⇒ ≤ − ;∀ ≥

We need to prove that: ∑ ≤∑ − (*)

We have: ≤ − ;∀ >0

≤ − ;∀ >0

≤ − ;∀ >0

⇒ (*) True; equality ⇔ = =⋯= =

Solution 3 by Sanong Huayrerai-Nakon Pathom-Thailand
From these facts: 1. ≥ + , ∀ ∈ ℝ. 2. ≥ ,∀ ∈ ℝ
Hence ≥ , ≥ , ≥
≥ , ≥ ,…, ≥

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Hence ,…, ≤ … ≤ … =
( ) ( ) ( ) ⋯ ( ) ( ⋯ ) ( ⋯ )
= = =

( ⋯ ) ( ⋯ )
= ⇒ … ≤

Therefore, it is true.
Solution 4 by Nassim Nicholas Taleb-USA
We need to prove:
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∑
≤ , + ≤ , + − ≤

( )
∈ℕ − = − , reached for = , so, ∑ − =− ,

which proves the inequality.

328. If , ≥ then:
( + )√ +( + )√ ≤( + )( + )
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution 1 by Amit Dutta-Jamshedpur-India
( ) ( )
Let √ = ,√ = ∵( + ) +( + ) ≥ ⇒

+ +
⇒( + ) − +( + ) − ≥ ⇒

( + ) ( + )
⇒( + ) − ( + )+( + ) − ( + )≥ ⇒

( + )( + ) ( + )( + )
⇒ + ≥ ( + )+ ( + )⇒

⇒( + )( + )≥ ( + )+ ( + ). Now, put √ = ⇒ =
√ = ⇒ = . So, ( + )( + )≥( + )√ +( + )√
Solution 2 by Boris Colakovic-Belgrade-Serbie

= + + + = ( + )+ ( + )≤( + )( + )⇔

⇔ + ≤ true, because of ≤ ⇔ √ − ≥ . Similarly, ≤

Solution 3 by Ravi Prakash-New Delhi-India

+ >2 ,∀ > 0 ⇒ + − > ,∀ > 0 ⇒

⇒ + − + − > ,∀ , ,> 0 ⇒

⇒( + )( + )>√ ( + )+√ ( + ), ∀ , >0

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329. If , , > 0, = 1 then:

+ + ≥
Proposed by Lazaros Zachariadis-Thessaloniki-Greece
Solution 1 by Antonis Anastasiadis-Greece
From well known inequality: ≥ +

∴ = ≥ + (1)
It is: ⋅( − ) ≥ , ∀ > 0. So, ≥ ,∀ > 0

(1) ⇒ ≥ + = ⇒ ≥ ⇔ ≥

So: + + ≥ + + ⇒ ≥ ( + + ) ≥
≥ ⋅ √ =
Solution 2 by Sanong Huayrerai-Nakon Pathom-Thailand

= , , , > 0; = . Kindly prove ≥

It’s ≥ , ∀ > 0 „=” = (1)

and ≥ + ∀ ∈ ℝ „=” = (2)

( ) ( )
so = = ≥ ≥
( )
= + + ≥ + + ≥ ( ) = (proved)
Solution 3 by proposer
for > 0, we get ≥ ≥ ≥ . Hence for , , > 0 and = , we have:
( )
≥ =( ) = ⇒ ≥ = ⇒

⇒ ≥ ⇒ ≥ ⇒ ≥ ⇒

⇒ ≥ ⇒ + + ≥ . Therefore, it is true.
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330. = , = + , ≥ , ∈ ℕ∗.

Find , ∈ (ℝ) such that:

< 0, < 0, + =
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution by Ravi Prakash-New Delhi-India
= , where = + . Let = , where = if
× ×

> = 0 if < ; = − and = + ,∀ ≥

Let = , where = if > = − if < ; =− = −( + )
×

= ∀ ≥ . Note that + = and ( )=− < 0 and

( ) = −( )( )… ( + + )<0

331. If ∈ ℕ, ≥ then:

( !) + − < + + + ⋯+ < ( !)

Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania

Solution 1 by Remus Florin Stanca-Romania

We take the function : [ ; ( + )] → ℝ with ( ) = ( )
We know that is continuous on [ ; ( + )] and derivable on ; ( + ) so is a
Rolle function ⇒ we can apply Lagrange’s theorem on [ ; ( + )]
( ) ( )
= ( ) such that ∈[ ; + ]

≻ ( + )− ( )= (1) with ≤ ≤ + (2)

We obtain from (1) that + ⋯+ = ( + ) and from (2)

We can write that + ⋯ + < ( + ) < 1 + ⋯+

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( )!
So, + − <∑ +⋯+ < ( !)
( )!
+ − > ( !) + − ⇔ >1⇔ > 1 (true because ≥ )⇒

( !) + − <∑ +⋯+ < ( !) (Q.E.D)

Solution 2 by Khaled Abd Almuti-Damascus-Syria

If ∈ ℕ, ≥ then: ( !) + − <∑ + + +⋯+ < ( !)

Note: ∀ ∈ [ , + ]: ≤ ≤ ; ≤ ≤ +

∫ ≤∫ ≤∫ , [ ] ≤∫ ≤ [ ]

≤ ≤
+

≤ ≤
+

≤ ( )≤ , ≥
+

≤ ( )≤
+

!= ⋅ ( − )( − )( − ) … ⋅
( !) = ( )+ ( − )+ ( − )+ ( − ) + ⋯+ ( )

≤ ( )≤
+

≤ ( − )≤
+

≤ ( − )≤
+

≤ ( − )≤
+
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−−−−−−−−−−−−−−

≤ ( )≤
+

≤ ( )≤
+

⎧ ≤ ( )≤ , ≤ ( )≤
⎪
⎪ + ≤ ( )≤ +
⎪
⎪
⎪ + + ≤ ( )≤ + +
⎪ ……… ………………… …………
⇐ + + + ⋯+ ≤ ( − )≤ + + +⋯+
⎨ − −
⎪
⎪ + + + ⋯+ + ≤ ( − )≤ + + +⋯+ +
− − − −
⎪
⎪ + + +⋯+ + + + ≤ ( − )≤ + + + ⋯+ + +
⎪ − − − − − − −
⎪
+ + +⋯+ + ≤ ( )≤ + + +⋯ + + +
⎩ − − − − −

+ +⋯+ ≤ ( !)

( !) ≤ − + + + + + + + ⋯+ + + ⋯+
−

( !) − + ≤ + +⋯+

( !) − + < + + ⋯+

Solution 3 by Ravi Prakash-New Delhi-India

For = , − <0= − < (1)
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Fig. 1

For ≥ , ( )− < ( )− ( )=∫ < + + ⋯+ [see Fig. 1]

< + + ⋯+ + (2)

⇒∑ ( − )<∑ + + ⋯+ [using (1), (2)]

⇒ ( !) − ( − ) < ∑ + + ⋯+ (3)

Fig. 2

For ≥ , =∫ > + + ⋯+ [see Fig. 2]

⇒ ( !) = ∑ >∑ + ⋯+ (4)

From (3), (4) the inequality follows.

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√
332. If ≤ , , ≤ then:

+ + + +
√ ⋅ ≤ ⋅ √

Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania

Solution 1 by Soumitra Mandal-Chandar Nagore-India
Definition: A function : → ℝ is said to be a decreasing function on if ( ) ≥ ( )
for all ≥ where , ∈

Let ( ) = for all ∈ , , ( )= − = −

√

Let ( ) = − for all ∈ , , ( )=− <0

√

For all ∈ , . Hence is decreasing ∴ ( )≤ ( )≤ ⇒

√ √

√ √
⇒ √ − ≥ ( )⇒ − ≥ ( )⇒ > − ≥ ( )
+ √

∴ > hence ( ) < 0. So is decreasing on ,

√

Again, ≥√ , so by definition of decreasing function

+ +
√
≥
√ + +

+ + + +
∴ √ ≥√

Solution 2 by Michael Sterghiou-Greece

√
If ≤ , , ≤ then: √ ⋅ ≤ ⋅ √ (*)
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∑
∑ ≥ ( ) → ≥√ (1)

>0
The function = ( ), has ′( ) =
<1

The function ( ) = − has ( )=− < 0, > 0

Hence ( ) ≤ ( ) for > 0 or ( ) < 0 → ( ) < 0 and

∑
√
( ) ↓. From (1) → ∑
≤ in the requested interval.
√

Solution 3 by Ravi Prakash-New Delhi-India

Let ( ) = , < ≤ 1; ( )= − , < <1

−( + )
= , < <1
( + )

Let ( ) = −( + ) , ≤ ≤ ; ( )= −( + ) −

=− < 0 for < < 1 ⇒ ( ) is strictly decreasing on [ , ].

∴ ( )< ( )∀ ∈( , )⇒ −( + ) < 0; ∀ ∈ ( , )
Thus, ( ) < 0 for < < 1 ⇒ ( ) is strictly decreasing on ( , ]

√
Now, ≤ , , ≤ ⇒ ≥( ) ⇒√ ≤ ( + + ) ⇒

+ +
+ + ( )
⇒ ( ) ≥ ⇒ ≥
( ) + +

+ + + +
⇒√ ≤ √

333. If ≥ , , ≥ , + ≤ , , , ∈ ℝ then:
( − )( − − − )≤( − − − )
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
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Solution by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India
( )
( − )( − − − ) ≤( − − − )
(1) ⇔ ( − ) − ( − )(∑ )≤ + (∑ ) − (∑ )
( )
⇔( − ) + − + − ( − ) ≥

(∑ )
∵∑ ≥ & − ≥ > 0, ∴ LHS of (2) ≥ + (∑ ) − (∑ )

+ − ( − )= − + − ( − )
(?) ?
≥ ⇔ − + { − ( − )} ≥
( )

∵ ≥ > 0 & LHS of (3) is a quadratic in (∑ ) & ∵ ∑ ∈ ℝ (as , , ∈ ℝ), ∴ it

suffices to prove that the discriminant is ≤ that is, it suffices to prove:
− ⋅ { − ( − )} ≤ ⇔ − { − ( − )} ≤ ⇔
⇔ ( − )− ( − )≤ ⇔ ( − )( − )≤
( )
∵ − ≥ > 0, ∴ it suffices to prove: − ≤ ⇔ ≥
But LHS of (4) ≥ ( + ) (∵ ≥ + ; ≥ ; + ≥ > 0)
?
≥ ⇔( − ) ≥ → true ⇒ (4) is true (proved)

334. Let , ∈ ( ; +∞) ∧ + = and ∈ ℕ ∗.

Prove: ( ) ≥ −

Proposed by Nguyen Van Nho-Nghe An-Vietnam

Solution by Ravi Prakash-New Delhi-India
Put = , = , < <

=( ) +( ) =( ) +( )

=( )( ) ( )− ( ) ( )

= ( )( ) [( ) − ]
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As > 0,0 < < 1, < 0 if < < = if =

> 0 if < < ⇒ is least when = . Thus, ≥ = + =

335. If , ∈ , then:

( + )( + )( + )
≥
( + )( + )( + )
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution 1 by Amit Dutta-Jamshedpur-India
Let = , = , = ∵ , , ∈ , ⇒ , , >0

So, to prove ≥ or + + + ≥ + + +

⇒ + + + + + + ≥ + + + + + + + ⇒

⇒ + + + + + ≥( + + )+ + + ⇒

+ + + + + + + + + +
⇒ ≥

or + + + + + ≥ + + + + + (1)
∵ we know that + + ≥ + + . Taking = , = , = , we get
+ + ≥ + + (2)
Taking = , = , =
+ + ≥ + + (3)
Adding (2) & (3), we get (1)⇒ (2)+(3)⇒ (1)
So, (1)⇒ (∑ +∑ ) ≥ (∑ +∑ ). This is true
( )( )( )
and hence ≥ or ( )( )( )
≥ (proved)

Solution 2 by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India

Let = , = , = of course, , , > 0 as , , ∈ ,
 www.ssmrmh.ro
using this substitution, given inequality becomes:
( )
( + )( + )( + )≥ ( + )( + )( + ). Now,

+ ≤ + + , + ≤ + + , + ≤ + +
Multiplying last three inequalities, we find (1) is true (Proved)

336.

+( + + ) + + −
( , )= , , >0
( + )( + + )( + + )

Prove that:

( , )⋅ ( , )≤

Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania

Solution by Shafiqur Rahman-Bangladesh
+( + + ) + + −
( , )= =
( + )( + + )( + + )

+ + + +
= − = ⇒
( + )( + + ) ( + + )( + + ) ( + )( + )

⇒ ( , )⋅ ( , )= ⋅ ≤ ⋅
+ + + + √

( , )⋅ ( , ) ≤

337. If > 0 then:

( ) ( ) ( )
+ + > + +
+ + + +
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India
 www.ssmrmh.ro
( )
( ) ( )
Let ( ) = − ∀ > 0; ( ) =− ( + ) −
()
( )
Now, ( + ) ( )> ( )(∵ + >0 > 0) ⇒ >
( )
( )
Also, + > &∵ > 0 ∴ (i).(ii) ⇒ ( + ) − >0⇒
( ) < 0 (by (1)) ∴ ( ) ↓∴ ( ) ( ) ( )
⇒ − < − ⇒
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
⇒ + > + . Now, let ( ) = − ∀ >0
( + ) − ( + ) ( + ) − ( + )
( )= = ( = )
( + ) ( + ) ( + ) ( + )
( + + )− ( + + ) ( − )( − )
= = <0
( + ) ( + ) ( + ) ( + )

∵ >1 = > 1 (∵ > 0) ∴ ( ) ↓

∴ − > − ⇒
+ + + +
( )
⇒ + > +
+ + + +
(a).(b) ⇒ given inequality is true (proved)

338.

+
( )=− + , ∈ℝ
( + )( + )( + )

If ∈ ( , ), > 1 then:
( ) ( )
( ) + ( ) < 1+ ( )⋅ ( )
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution by Dimitris Kastriotis-Athens-Greece
+
( )=− + ⋅ , ∈ℝ
( + )( + )( + )
( ) ( )
⇒ ( ) + ( ) < ( ) ( )+ , < < 1, >1
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= ⋅ = −
( + )( + )( + ) + ( + )( + ) + ( + ) ( + )

= −
( + )( + ) ( + )( + )

= = −
( + )( + )( + ) → ( + )( + ) ( + )( + )

= − =
→ ( + )( + )

= −
( + )( + )( + ) ( + )( + ) ( + )( + )( + )

= = −
( + )( + )( + ) ( + )( + )

= − − = − − =
→ + + → +

+
( )=− + ⋅ =− + ( ⋅ + )=
( + )( + )( + )

=− + + =
( ) ( )
( ) + ( ) < ( ) ( )+
⇔ + − − < 0, 0 < < 1, >1
Let ( ) = + − − , < < 1, >1
( )= ( )+ − = ( )− ( − )<0∀ >1⇒ ↘ ( , ∞)
For >1⇔ ( )< ( )= ⇔ + <1+ ,0 < < 1, > 1

339. Let , , be positive real numbers such that: + + = .

Find the minimum of value:

= + +
+√ √ +√ √ +
Proposed by Hoang Le Nhat Tung – Hanoi – Vietnam
 www.ssmrmh.ro
Solution by Do Huu Duc Thinh-Vietnam
Let , , > 0 such that + + = . Find : =∑
√

( ) ( )
By Cauchy-Schwarz we have: =∑ ≥∑ ∑ √
≥
√ ( )( )

Let = + + then < ≤ 3 and + + = . We will prove that:

≥ ⇔ ≥ ⇔ ( − + )≥ ⇔ ( − ) ( + )≥ (true)
⋅

So, ≥ ⇒ = ⇔ = = = .

340. If , ∈ ℝ then:
⋅ ⋅
+ + ≥
+ + + ⋅ + + ⋅
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution by Rovsen Pirguliyev-Sumgait-Azerbaijian

= ;
+ − −
⋅ ⋅
=
+ + ⋅( − ) − ⋅
⋅ ⋅
=
+ + ⋅( − ) − ⋅

We take the function ( ) = , this function is convex, ( )=

( )
>0

then by Jensen’s inequality, we have

+ + + +
≥

or + + ≥ ⋅

(since + + ⋅ = )
⋅
= = , we have: + ⋅ + ⋅ ≥
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341. If , , > 0 then:
+ + + + + +
+ + ≥
+ + +
Proposed by Eliezer Okeke-Nigeria
Solution by Daniel Sitaru-Romania
+ + ( + )( − )
: ( , ∞) → ℝ, ( ) = , ( )=
+ ( + )

( ) = = → ( ) ≥ ; ( )+ ( )+ ( ) ≥ + + =

342. If , , , ∈ ℕ − { }, > > > then:

( − )( − )> − −
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution by Rovsen Pirguliyev-Sumgait-Azerbaijan
( − )( − )> − − (1)

(1) ⇒ ⋅ > ⋅

denote ( ) = , we prove that increasing function

⋅ ⋅ − + ( − )+
( )= = >0⇒ ↑

> ( )
then we have ⊗ ⇒ ( )⋅ ( ) > ( )⋅ ( )
> ( )

343. If , > 0, + 2 ≤ , + ≥ ,( + )( + )≥ then:

+ ≥
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution 1 by Nguyen Van Nho-Nghe An-Vietnam
Put: = + , = + → ≤ , ≥ (*) and ≥
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, are two solutions of the quadratic triangles: ( ) = −( + ) +
Because (*) then . ( ) ≤ and . ( ) ≤ → − ( + )+ ≤ →
→ ( + )≥ + ≥ + = → + ≥ → + ≥ (done)
Solution 2 by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India
Let = + & = + . Then, ≤ , ≥ , ≥ . We have − ≥ ≥ ⇒

⇒ − ≥ ⇒( − ) ≥ ⇒( + ) − ≥ ⇒( + ) ≥ + ≥ ⇒
⇒ + ≥√ >√ = ∴ + >9⇒4 + > 9 or, + ≥ (proved)
Solution 3 by Tran Hong-Vietnam
Let = ; > 0. We have:

+ ≤ ⇔ ≤
+ ⇒ ≤ ≤ ⇒ ≤ ⇒ ≤
+ +
+ ≥ ⇔ ≥
+
√
( + )( + )≥ ⇔ ≥( ⇒ ≥ ;∀ ≤ ⇒ ≥ (1)
)( )

We need to prove: + ≥ ⇔ ≥ . In fact: ≥ ⇔( )( )

> 0 (true)

√
⇒ ≥ ≥ ;∀ ∈ , and ≤ ⇒ ≥ > (true) ⇒ (proved)

344. If < < then:

∑
⋅ >2
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution 1 by Ravi Prakash-New Delhi-India
For < < ; < < 1, ∀ ∈ ℕ. Let = …

Note < ⇒< > is a strictly decreasing sequence. Also

= … =

( )
= … =⋯= ⇒ =
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= ⋅ = ( )=
→ →

As < > is strictly increasing and → =

> ; ∀ ∈ ℕ (1)

= ⁄ ( )

Also, for < <

= = ( − )<0⇒ is strictly decreasing on , ⇒

⇒ > = for < < (2)

From (1), (2): > , ∀ ∈ ℕ. Now,

∑
= > ⇒ > =

Solution 2 by Michel Rebeiz-Lebanon

∑
< < . Let = = … ≡ ⋅ =

∴ = ⋅ . Let ( ) =

( )

> > > ⇒ >1⇒ ⋅ > >

⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ > ⋅ =
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Solution 3 by Shafiqur Rahman-Bangladesh

( )
= = = ≥

( )
≥ = > < < , >
→

∑
∴ − >2
Solution 4 by Sagar Kumar-Patna Bihar-India
∑
⋅ > 2 ⇒ To prove ∏ > ⇒ =∏

= ⋅ …⋅ ; =

( ) ⋅
= ( ) ( ) ⋅…⋅ ( ); = = ; =

→ = → = > . Hence proved.

345. Let , , be positive real numbers such that + + = . Find

the minimum of value:
√ + +√
= + + +
+ + +
+ + +

Proposed by Hoang Le Nhat Tung-Hanoi-Vietnam

Solution by Amit Dutta-Jamshedpur-India
Applying Cauchy’s Schwarz inequality:

( + )+ ≤( + )( ( + )+ )≤ ( + + )

≤ ( + ) ⇒ ( + )+ ≤ ( + )

+
( + )≤ ( − + )⇒ ≤( − + )⇒
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⇒ + ≤( + + ) Similarly, + ≤( + + )

+
+ ≤( + + )

√ + +√
≥ + + +
+ + + + + +
√ + +√
≥ +
+ +
( + + )
≥ +
( + + )+( + + )+( + + )

√ + +√
+

( + + ) √ + +√
≥ +
( + + )( + + )
( ) √ √ √ √
≥ ∑
+ , ≥∑ +

Using AM-GM

√ +√ +√ +√ +√ + + + + + ≥ ⇒ ( ) + ⋅ + ≥

( ) + + ≥ , ( ) + + ≥

Adding these: + + + ( + + )+ ≥ ( + + )⇒

⇒ + + ≥ ⋅( )− − ( + + )≥ − − ( + + )

+ + ≥ − ( + + ) (1)

Now, since + + = ⇒( − )=− − ⇒( − )<0∵ , >0

Similarly, ( − ) < 0, ( − ) < 0
Clearly, ( − )( − ) + ( − )( − ) + ( − )( − ) ≤ ⇒

⇒ − + − ≤

≤ + − ≤ ( + + ) − + − × ( )
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≤ − + − ≤ − − ; ≤ −

( ) ( ) ( ) ∑
∵ ≥∑ + , ≥∑ + {From (1)}

( ∑ ) ∑
≥∑ + , ≥∑ +

∑ ∑
≥∑ + − , ≥∑ + − , ≥ − ; ≥

∴ minimum value of is . Equality occurs when ( = = = ).

346. If , , ∈ , , + + = then:

⋅ ⋅ ≥ ⋅ ⋅
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India
Let = , = , = ∵ , , ∈ , ∴ , , ∈ ( , )&∑ = . Now,

=( − )( − )( − )=
= {( + + ) − }{( + + ) − }{( + + ) − }=

=( + + )( + + )( + + )( + )( + )( + ) ≥
≥ {( + ) + ( + )}{( + ) + ( + )}{( + ) + ( + )}

≥ ( + )( + ) ( + )( + ) ( + )( + ) =

= ( + )( + )( + ) ≥ ⋅ = =
= (proved)

347. If , , ∈ , , + + = then:

( + ) ( + ) ( + )
+ + >
+ ⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
 www.ssmrmh.ro
Solution by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India
< < , > and > ⇒( − )( − )>0

⇒ − − + >0⇒ ( + )> + ⇒
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
⇒ > . Similarly, > & >

(1)+(2)+(3)⇒ > + + = (Proved)

348. If , ,… > 0, ∈ ℕ, ≥ , ∙ …∙ = then:

+ +⋯+
≥
+ + ⋯+
Proposed by Nguyen Van Nho-Nghe An-Vietnam

Solution by Daniel Sitaru-Romania

: ( , ∞) → ℝ, ( ) = , ( )=( + ) > 0, − ,
( )=( + ) > 0, −

⏞ ⏞ ∑
( )= ≥ ≥ ∙ ∙

+ + ⋯+ ∑ ∏
≥ ≥ = =
+ +⋯+

349. If , , , ∈ , then:

⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ( − )⋅ ( − )≤
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution by Marian Ursărescu – Romania
We must show this:

⋅ ( − )( − )≤ (1)

We show this: ⋅ ( − )≤ (2)

 www.ssmrmh.ro
= , = ( ) ⇔ ( − )( − )− ≤
⇒
− −
( − )( − )≤

− −
⇒ − ≤ ⇔ ( − − − )≤ ⇔

( −( + ) )≤ (3)
But ( + ) ≥ ⇒ −( + ) ≤ − (4)
From (3) + (4) ⇒ ( − )≤ ⇔ − ≤ ⇔ − + ≥ ⇔

( − ) ≥ true (equality for = = ).

Similarly: ( − )≤ (5)

From (2)+(5) ⇒ ⋅ ⋅ ( − ) ( − )≤ ,
with equality for = = and = = .

350. If , , ∈ ( , ) then:
( + )
>3
+ ⋅
( , , )

Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania

Solution by Amit Dutta-Jamshedpur-India
∵ > ⇒( − ) > 0 (1)
< ⇒( − ) > 0 (2)
Multiplying (1) & (2): ( − )( − )>0⇒
⇒ − − + >0⇒
⇒ ( + )> +

⇒ > (3)

Similarly, > (4)

> (5)

Adding (1), (2), (3):

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( + )
> + + > >3
+
( , , )

(proved)
351. If ≥ then:
( + )≤ ( + )
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution 1 by Ravi Prakash-New Delhi-India
For = , the inequality clearly holds. For < ≤ 1; 0 < < ≤1
< < ⇒
⇒ < 16 < 20 (1)
Also, for < ≤ 1, ≤ ⇒
⇒ ≤ (2)
Adding (1) and (2), we get, for < ≤1
+ ≤ + ⇒ ( + )≤ ( + )
If > 1, then ≤ and ≥ . Thus, for all ≥ , the inequality holds
Solution 2 by Nguyen Van Nho-Nghe An-Vietnam
⊕ case 1. If ≥ then ≤ .( + )= (| | ≤ ) and ≥ → <
??
⊕ case 2. If ≤ < 1 then ≤ → ≤ ( + )≤ ( + ) → (*)
(*) ↔ ( − )≤ ↔ ( − )≤ true because ≤ <1
From case 1 and case 2 then the inequality is true .

√
352. If , , ∈ , , ⋅ ⋅ = then:

( + + )+ ( + + )+
+ + + ≥
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution 1 by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India
 www.ssmrmh.ro
( )
= − = ( − ) −
( )
= ( − ) = ( − ) −
(i)+(ii)⇒ + +

= + − + − −
( )
= + ( − ) + ( − ) − = −
( )
Similarly, + + = −
( )
& + + = −
? ?
(a)+(b)+(c)⇒ LHS = ∑ − ≥ ⇔∑ ≥
( )

∵ , , ∈ , ,∴ , , >0

∴ ≥ ⋅ ⋅ = ( ) = = ⇒

⇒ (1) is true (Proved)

Solution 2 by Tran Hong-Vietnam
= − + − ; = − + ; = −
( = > 0) ⇒ + + = − .
Same: + + = − .( = > 0)
and: + + = − .
( = > 0) ⇒ = ( + − )−
= {( − )+( − )+( − )}
( )
≥ ⋅ − ≥ ⋅ ⋅ = .

√
+ + ≥ √ = Proved.

Solution 3 by Remus Florin Stanca-Romania

= − ; = − ; = −
( )= − . The inequality can be written as:
( + + )+ ( + + − )+
 www.ssmrmh.ro
+ ( + + )− ( + + )≥
Let = , = , =
⇔ ( + + )+ ( + + )+ ( + + )− ( + + )≥
⇔ ( + + )+ ( + + )+ ( + + )≥
⇔ ( + + )+ + + + ( + + )≥
⇔ + + + + + + + + + + + ≥
⇔( + ) +( + ) +( + ) ≥

= − ⇒ = + , ∈ ; ⇒

+ +
⇒ >0⇒ = =

√ ( + )( + )( + ) √
= ⇔ =
√
⇔ ( + )( + )( + ) =
⇔ ( + )( + )( + ) =
( + ) +( + ) +( + ) ≥ ( + ) ( + ) ( + ) = ( + )( + )( + ) = ⋅ =
⇔ ( + + )+ ( + + )+ + + ≥
(Q.E.D.)

353. Find , , ∈ , such that:

+ + + ≤
+ ( + )( + ) ( + )( + )( + )

Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania

Solution 1 by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India
Given inequality ⇒
( + )( + )+ ( + )+
− ≥
( + )( + )( + )

⇒ ≥
( + )( + )( + )
( )
⇒( + )( + )( + ) ≤
 www.ssmrmh.ro
But ( + )( + )( + ) ≥
( )

(1), (2) ⇒ ( + )( + )( + )=
⇒ Equality case of (2) occurs ⇒ + = , etc ⇒ ( − ) = , etc
⇒ = , etc ⇒ = = =

Solution 2 by Tran Hong-Vietnam

+ + +
+ ( + )( + ) ( + )( + )( + )

= − + − + −
+ + ( + )( + ) ( + )( + )

− =
( + ) + ( + )

= − +
( + )( + )( + )
( )
≥ − + =
⋅ ⋅

⇒ = ⇔ = = ⇔ = = =

354. If , , ∈ , , + + = then:

⋅ ⋅ ≥ ⋅ ⋅
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution 1 by Marian Ursărescu-Romania
We must show: ( − )( − )( − )≥ ⋅ ⋅ (1)
Let = , = , = , , , > 0 (2)
From (1)+(2) we must show:
( − )( − )( − )≥ , with , , >0∧ + + = 1 (3)

Let = , = , = , , , > 0 (4)

Form (3)+(4) we must show:

[( + + ) − ][( + + ) − ][( + + ) − ]≥ ⇔
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+ + + + + +
− − − ≥ ⇔

+ + +
+ − + − − ≥ ⇔

+ + + + + +
+ + + ≥ ⇔

≥ (5)

≥ √ ⎫
⎪
≥ √ ⇒ ⋅ ⋅ ≥ (6)
⎬
≥ √ ⎪
⎭
≥ √ and similarly ⇒

⋅ ⋅ ≥ (7)

From (6)+(7)⇒ its true.

Solution 2 by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India
If , , ∈ , | + + = , then:

≥ . Let = , = , =

∵ , , ∈ , ∴ , , ∈ ( , )&∑ =

Now, =( − )( − )( − )
= {( + + ) − }{( + + ) − }{( + + ) − }
=( + + )( + + )( + + )( + )( + )( + )

≥ {( + ) + ( + )}{( + ) + ( + )}{( + ) + ( + )}

≥ ( + )( + ) ( + )( + ) ( + )( + )

= ( + )( + )( + ) ≥ ⋅
= = (Proved)

355. If ∈ ℕ, ≥ then:
 www.ssmrmh.ro

( + )( + )⋅…⋅( + )
+ < +
⋅ …⋅ +

Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania

Solution 1 by Tran Hong-Vietnam
( )( )…( )
Let = ⇒ = +∑ ( − )= + − =
…

= + ≤ +

≤ + + = + < +
+ + +

Proved.

Solution 2 by Remus Florin Stanca-Romania

( )( )⋅…⋅( )
The inequality can be written as: + ∑ −∑ >2
⋅ ⋅…

∑ + ∑ +
+ = + = > + ≻
+ + + +

≻ + > +
+

We need to prove that ∏ + −∑ + + ⋅ …⋅ + ⋅ ≥

+ − + ⋅ …⋅ + ⋅ = ( + )=

= + ⋅ …⋅ + − + ⋅ …⋅ + ⋅ − + ⋅ …⋅ + ⋅ =

= + − ( + )⋅…⋅ + ⋅ = ( )

⇒ ( + )= ( )=⋯= ( )= + + − + =

= + = ⇒ + − + … + ≥ ⇔
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( + ) ⋅…⋅ ( + ) ( + ) ⋅ …⋅ ( + )
⇔ + − > + − ≥
+ ⋅…⋅ ⋅ …⋅ ⋅

( + )( + )… ( + )
⇔ + < +
… +

(Q.E.D)

356. If < , , , < then:

( + ) + ( + ) ≥
( , , , ) ( , , , )

Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania

Solution 1 by Ravi Prakash-New Delhi-India

For < < ; ( )= + + + =

= + + ( + )+ + + +

≥ + + + + =

= + + + +
( )

But + ≥ [Using derivatives]

√

∴ ( )≥ + + + = = ∴ For < , , , <

+ + + ≥ =

Solution 2 by Tran Hong-Vietnam

+ + + ≥

= ≥ (1)

Same:
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( +) + + ≥ (2)

+ + + ≥ (3)

+ + + ≥ (4)

From (1)+(2)+(3)+(4)⇒ LHS ≥ ⋅ = .

357. If ∈ , then:

⋅( ) ⋅( − ) ≤
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution 1 by Rade Krenkov-Strumica-Macedonia
Let = < 1. We have: ( − ) ≤ ; ≤ ; + − ≤

+ ≤ . Using Bernouly’s inequality we have: ≤ ( + − )

≤ ( − ). We have to prove: ( − )≤ .
Now, we have − + ≥ ;( − ) ≥ (true)
Solution 2 by Rovsen Pirguliyev-Sumgait-Azerbaijan
Let = , = − , then we must prove: ⋅ ≤ (*)
Proof. We take the logarithms:

⋅ ≤ ⇒ ⋅ ≤ ⇒ + ≤ (**)

By Jensen’s inequality, we have: + ≤ (***)

because ≤ (where + = ). We have:

+ ≤ ≤ , since = ⇒ (**)

Solution 3 by Nguyen Van Nho-Nghe An-Vietnam

∈ ; → , − >0

→ ≤ ( ( − )+ ( − ) )= ( − )
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≤ = = (done)

Equality ↔ =

Solution 4 by Boris Colakovic-Belgrade-Serbia

= >0∀ ∈ , ; = − > 0∀ ∈ ,

, > 0 from weighted GM-AM inequality ⇒

⋅ ≤ = ≤ or

+ −
( ) ( − ) ≤ =

358. If , , > 0 then:

≥ √
Proposed by Lazaros Zachariadis-Thessaloniki-Greece
Solution 1 by Michael Sterghiou-Greece
∑
≥ √ (1)

(1) → ≥ ≥ ( ) or it is enough that ≥ + ( + ) where

= > 0. The function ( ) = − − ( + ) has

= , ( )= ,
√

( )= for = ; ( )≶ for ≶ and ( )= > 0 for = hence

√ √ √

= is a global min for ( ) and therefore ( ) > = . Done!

√ √

Solution 2 by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India

(1)⇔ + + ≥ ( )+ ( )⇔
( )
+ + ≥ + + + ( )
 www.ssmrmh.ro
Let ( ) = − − ( ) ∀ > 0. Then ( ) = − = ⇒ =
√

Also = + | >0
√ √

∴ ( ) attains a minima at = & ∵ ( ) never attains a maxima ∀ > 0,

√

∴ ( ) = = − − ( )= + − − =
√ √
()
∴ ∀ > 0, − − ( )≥ ⇒ ≥ + ( )
( ) ( )
Similarly, ≥ + ( )& ≥ + ( )

(i)+(ii)+(iii)⇒ (2) is true (proved)

359. If ∈ , then:

+ > 4 + ( − )( + )
−

Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania

Solution by Michael Sterghiou-Greece

+ > 4 + ( − )( + ) (1)

Lemma 1. ∈ , : > −

Lemma 2. ∈ , : >1− +

Solution: (1) can be written as: − + + − + > 4 (2)

( )= of (2). We observe that ( ) has = as symmetry axis as ( ) =

− . We have → ( )= →
( )= , = √ ( − ) > 4( ∼ . ).

It is easy to show also that = . We need to prove that ( ) lies on and over the
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line = in the interval , as symmetry will take care of the interval , .

Consider the function ( ) in , : ( )= − + − + − + −

+ . We will show that ( ) > 4 in , . Indeed ( ) → when → and

> 4.

− + −
( )=− ( − ) + ( − ) +
( − )

+ (− + − )

< 0, < 0 and < 0. The max of is ( − )⋅ <| | therefore ( )<0

This means ( ) ↓ with only one root in , in which ( ) < 0 therefore is

a max. Using Lemmas now therefore ≥ . The same applies by symmetry in , .

The proof is complete.

Lemma 2: Consider ( ) = − + − over , . ( )= ,

( )=− + − , ( )= , ( )= + − >0

As for ≤ > 0, 1 − > 0. So ( ) ↑ and > ( )= → ( ) ↑ and

( ) > ℎ( ) =
Lemma 1: Easy in a similar manner.

360. If + = , , ∈ , then:

+ + <3
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution 1 by Tran Hong-Vietnam
( )
+ = ⇔ = + ≥
+ +
 www.ssmrmh.ro
( + )
≥ ⇔ ( + ) ≤
+( + ) −
≤ +( + ) − ⇔( + ) + ≤
−( + ) − + +
⇒ + + ≤ + + = ≤

∀ ∈( ; ) = + , < , < ⇒ < <2

Solution 2 by Khanh Hung Vu-Vietnam

If + = , , ∈ ; then + + < 3 (1)

We have + = ⇒ + = ⇒ − + − =

⇒ + = ⇒ + = (2)

Put = , = ⇒ , ∈ ( ; +∞)

We have the equation (2) equivalent to: + = ⇒ = ⇒

⇒ ( + + )= ( + + + )⇒
⇒ + + = ⇒ +( + ) − = (3)
On the other hand, we have
( + ) ≥ ⇒− + + ≥ ⇒− − + ≥ ⇒

⇒ < ≤ . That means the equation (3) is equivalent to

+ = √− + + . We have the inequality (1) equivalent to

+ + <3⇒2 + − + + <3⇒

⇒ − + + <3−2 ⇒ (− + + )<4 − + ⇒
+√ −√
⇒ − + > 0 ⇒ 16 − − >0

√ √
(True since − < 0 and − < 0 by < ≤ )

So, (1) is true ⇒ + + <3

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361. If , > 0, ≥ then:

+ >
+

Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania

Solution by Khanh Hung Vu-Vietnam
By BCS inequality and AM-GM inequality, we have:
( )
+ ≥ ≥ ≥ (Since ≥ ) (1)

We need to prove that > (2)

Put = ⇒ = ⇒ = − ⇒ = ( − )=

We have inequality (2) equivalent to ( )

>( )
(3)

We have ( + ) = − + = + −

⇒( + ) = + − = − + + −

⇒( + ) =( + )( + ) (4)
We have ( − )( − )>0⇒ ⋅ − − + >0
⇒ ⋅ + + + > 2( + )
⇒( + )( + ) > 2( + )⇒( + )( + ) > 2( + )
( )
⇒( + ) > 2( + ) ⇒ (3) true ⇒ (2) true

From (1) and (2) ⇒ + > (Q.E.D.)

362. If < ≤ < then:

+ +
( + ) √ − √ ≤ √ −

Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania

 www.ssmrmh.ro
Solution 1 by Michael Sterghiou-Greece
( + ) √ − √ ≤ √ − (1)

√ √
(1)→ − ≤ − (2)
√ √

Consider the function ( ) = − . As ( ) > 0 in ,

( ) is increasing in , (*)

Therefore: √ ≤ → √ ≤ so (1) true

( )= [( − ) +( + ) ].

Consider ( ) = ( − ) +( + )

≥ ≤ → ( ) ↑→ ( ) > ( ) > 0
( )= ( − )
≤ ≥ → ( ) ↓→ ( ) > >0

In any case ( ) > 0 → ( )>0→ ( )↑

Solution 2 by Remus Florin Stanca-Romania
√ √
− = − ⋅√ = − √ ⇒

⇒ √ − √ = √ − √ and − = − √

The inequality becomes √ − √ ( + )≤ √ √ − ⇔

+
⇔ √ − ( + )≤ √ − ⇔

+
⇔ √ − ⋅ ≤ −
√ +

Let be the function : ; → ℝ, ( ) = − ⋅

− − − − −
( )= = − ⋅

∈ ; ⇒ − ∈ − ; ⇒ − ≥
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: ; →ℝ ( )= − − ⇒ ( )= − <0
−

≻ is a decreasing function and because = − >0≻

− −
≻ ( )> 0∀ ∈ ; ≻ ( )= − ⋅ >0≻

⇒ is an increasing function (1)

( )
√ and ∈ ; and √ ≤ ≻ √ − ≤ − ≻ Q.E.D.
√

Solution 3 by Tran Hong-Vietnam

√ √
Inequality ⇔ ≤ (*)
√

( ) ( )
Let ( ) = ∀ ∈ , ⇒ ( )=

We prove: ( ) = ( − ) +( + ) > 0, ∀ ∈ ,

⇒ ( )= ( − )= ⇔ = ⇔ =

⇒ ( )>0⇔ ∈ , , ( )<0⇔ ∈ ,

⇒ ( )> , ( ) = − >0⇒ ( ) > 0∀ ∈ , ⇒ ( ) ↗ on ,

Because: <√ ≤ ≤ < ⇒ √ ≤ ⇒ (*) true. Equality ⇔ = .

363. If ∈ , then:

( ) ⋅( ) ⋅( )≤( )
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution 1 by Hoang Le Nhat Tung-Hanoi-Vietnam
If ∈ , , then: ( ) ( ) ( )≤( )

we have: = − ≤ ↔ [ − + ]≥
↔ [( − ) + ( − ) ]≥ (true)
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→ ≤ →( ) ≤( )

Similar: ≤ →( ) ≤( ) ∀ ∈ ,

≤ ∀ ∈ ;

⇒( ) ⋅( ) ≤( ) ⋅( ) ( ) =( )
→ Q.E.D; Equality occurs if = ; ( ∈ ℤ)
Solution 2 by Tran Hong-Vietnam
For ∈ , we have: ≥ = > ≈ ,

∵ {( − ) + ( − ) }≥
⇔ { − + }≥ ⇔ ≥ − = (1)
≥ − + ⇔ { − + − }≥
⇔ ( − ) ( + ) ( + + + + + + + + + − )≥ (true)

⇔ ≥ (2)
≥ − + −
⇔ ( − ) ( + ) ( + + + +⋯+ + − + )≥
(true)⇔ ≥ (3)
,
⇒ ≤( ) ⋅ ⋅ = =( ) ; Equality ⇔ = ⇔ = .
364. If , ∈ ℕ, , ≥ then:
( + )+ ( ! ⋅ !) ≥ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution by Michael Sterghiou-Greece
( + )+ ( ! ⋅ !) ≥ ⋅ (1)

=∑ ≤ + and ≤ +

(1)→ ( + ) + ⋅ ( ! ⋅ !) ≥ √ ⋅ ( + )( + ) (2)

But ( + ) ≥ √ and ( + )( + )≤ = + ( + )

From (2) we have stronger inequality

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( ! ⋅ !) ≥ √ ( + )+ − = √ ( + )

and as √ ≤ the even stronger [ !+ !] ≥ ( + )( + ) (3)

Equality throughout for = = . We observe that if + ≤ then (3) holds as it

can be written as ∑ +∑ + ( + )≥ ( + )
So, (3) must be shown for + ≥ . Using the Stirling formula
= − + ( > 0) we obtain the stronger inequality
( , )=( − ) +( − ) − ( + ) (4)
With + ≥ . Assume WLOG ≥ , = + , ≥
(4)→ ( , ) = ( + )− + ( + )− + −

Assume fixed and , ∈ℝ : ( )= > 0 so

( + )
( ) ↑→ ( )=− + ( + )− ≥ ( )= − >0
+
for ≥ . Thus for ≥ ( ) > 0 → ( ) ↑→ ( ) > ( ) →
→ ( )>4 ( − ) > 0 for ≥ . Therefore ∀ ≥ ( , ) > 0 or ( , ) > 0
for ≥ ≥ . Now we have only the following cases:
= → ( , )=( − ) − ( + ) > 0 for ≥ as can easily be shown
( ) > 0 for ≥ and ( ) > ( ) > 0. In a similar way we meet the cases = , ≥
= , ≥ ; = , ≥ . All cases have been exhausted and the proof is complete.

365. If , , ∈ , then:

≥√ ( + )( + )( + )
( − ) ( − ) ( − )

Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania

Solution 1 by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India
We shall prove: ≥√ ( + )( + )
( )

( + )( + )
⇔ ≥
( − )

⇔ ≥( + )( + )
( − )
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( )
⇔ ≥ ( − )( + )( + )

∵ < ( − )≤ − < − <

But + ≤ √ √ + =√
( )

& + ≤ √ + =√
( )

( ).( )
Hence, <( + )( + ) ≤ & also, < ( − ) ≤
( ) ( )

(i).(ii) ⇒ (1) is true ⇒

( )
≥ √ ( + )( + )
( − )
( )
Similarly, ≥ √ ( + )( + )&
( )

( )
≥ √ ( + )( + )
( − )
(m).(n).(p) ⇒ given inequality is true (Proved)
Solution 2 by Tran Hong-Vietnam
Inequality ⇔ ( ) ( ) ( )

( + )( + )( + )
≥√ ⋅ ;

⇔ ≥{ ( − )( + ) } × { ( − )( + ) } ×
× { ( − )( + ) } (*)
∴ < , , < ⇒ < ( − ), ( − ), ( − )≤ (1)

∴( + ) = + ≤ (2)
∴( + ) = + ≤ (3)
∴( + ) = + ≤ (4)
From (1), (2), (3), (4) we have
(∗) ≤ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ = (proved)
Solution 3 by Remus Florin Stanca-Romania
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≥√ ( + )( + )( + )
( − ) ( − ) ( − )
( + )( + )( + )
⇔ ≥√ ⋅
( − ) ( − ) ( − )

√ √ √ √ √ √
⇔ ≥ + + +
( − ) ( − ) ( − )

⇔ ≥ − − −
( − ) ( − ) ( − )
≤ ( − )≤
≤ ( − )≤
≤ ( − )≤
------------------ “ ⋅ ”

⇒ ( − ) ( − ) ( − )≤ ⇒ ≥
( − ) ( − ) ( − )

≤ − ≤

≤ − ≤

≤ − ≤

------------------------------- " ⋅ "

⇒ − − − ≤

≥ ≥ − − −
( − ) ( − ) ( − )

⇔ ≥ − − −
( − ) ( − ) ( − )

⇔ ≥√ ( + )( + )( + ) (Q.E.D.)
( ) ( ) ( )

366. If , , ≥ then:

+ + ≥
⋅ ( − ) ⋅ ( − ) ⋅ ( − ) + +
Proposed by Lazaros Zachariadis-Thessaloniki-Greece
 www.ssmrmh.ro
Solution 1 by Michael Sterghiou-Greece
∑ ≥∑ (1)
( )

√
∑
√
LHS (1) ≥ ∑ ( )
≥ ∑ ( )
which must be ≥ or

∑ ≥∑ ( − ) (2). Consider ( ) = − − ; ≥

( )= − ≥ → ( ) ↑→ ( ) ≥ ( ) = . Therefore

> + = ( )≥ ( − ). Cyclic application gives (2). We are done.

Solution 2 by Sanong Huayrerai-Nakon Pathom-Thailand
For , , ≥ we get that: ( )
+ ( )
+ ( )

+ +
≥
( − )+ ( − )+ ( − )

≥ : ( − )≤ ( ), ≥
( + + )

≥ : < , ≥ . Therefore, it is to be true.

Solution 3 by Tran Hong-Vietnam

( )
LHS= ( )
+ ( )
+ ( )
≥

+ + ( )
≥
( − )+ ( − )+ ( − )

( ) ( ) ( )
(*)

Let ( ) = − ( − ) with ≥

− − + −
⇒ ( )= − = ;
− −

( )= − + − (∀ ≥ )
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* ( )= − − ; ( )= + >0

⇒ ( ) ↗ on [ ; +∞) ⇒ ( )≥ ( )= − >0
⇒ ( ) ↗ on [ ; +∞) ⇒ ( ) ≥ ( ) =
⇒ ( )≥ ∀ ≥ ⇒ ( ) ↗ on [ ; +∞)
⇒ ( )≥ ( )= ⇒ ( )= − ( − ) ≥ ;∀ ≥ (**)
Using inequality (**) with , , ≥ we have ( ) + ( ) + ( ) ≥

⇔∑ ≥∑ ( − ) ⇒ (*) ≥
∑
= . Equality ⇔ = = = .

367. If , , > 0, √ +√ +√ = , ≤ ≤ then:

+ + + + + ≥

Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania

Solution 1 by Serban George Florin-Romania

+ ≥

= ⋅ = √ + √ + √ ⇒ + − √ ≥ ⇒

⇒∑ √ −√ ≥ . true

Solution 2 by Michael Sterghiou-Greece

+ = + ≥ ⋅ = √ =

Equality for = = = or =

368. If , , , , , > 0, + + = + + = 1 then:

( + ) ⋅( + ) ⋅( + )
≤
⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅
 www.ssmrmh.ro
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution 1 by Sanong Huayrerai-Nakon Pathom-Thailand
( + )( )(
+ )( )(
+ )( )
=

+ + + + + +
= =

= + + + + + +

≤ = = . Therefore, it’s true.

Solution 2 by Sudhir Jha-Kolkata-India

Considering , , , , & with associated weights

, , , , , respectively. Then applying weighted GM ≤ weighted AM

We get, ≤

+ + + + + + + + + + +
≤
+ + + + +

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
⇒ ≤ ⇒ ≤ (Proved)

Solution 3 by Tran Hong-Vietnam

We have:Inequality ⇔
+ + + + + + + + + + + ≤ (*)

Using Jensen’s inequality with ( ) = :

(∗) = + + + + + + + +

+ + + + ≤

≤ + + + + + + + + +

= {( + + + + + )} = . Proved. Equality ⇔ = = = = = = .
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369. If , , > 0 then:

√
( + + ) + ° >4
°+ °

Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania

Solution by Ravi Prakash-New Delhi-India
We first show ° °= ° °⇔ ° ° ° °
= ° ° ° °
√ √
LHS = [ ° °] °= [ °+ °] °

√ √ √ √
= [ ° °+ °] = [ °− °+ °] = =

RHS = [ ° °] °= [ °− °] °

√
= [ ° °− °] = [ °+ °− °] =

For , >0

≤ = √ √ ° °
°+ ° √ ° °
= √ ° °≤ °+ °

∴ ≤ ( °+ °)
°+ °

√
=( + + )( °+ °) = ( + + ) + °

370. If < < then:

− <5 − <6 −

Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania

Solution 1 by Michael Sterghiou-Greece

− <5 − <6 − (1)

 www.ssmrmh.ro
Consider the function [ , ∞) → ℝ: ( ) = − − =

− − −
= + − − ≥ + − − =
− + − − + −

=( − ) − >0
− + −

Consider now the function [ , ∞) → ℝ: ( ) = −

( )= ( + − )− ( + − ) . Assuming ( − ) ( ) > 0

( + − )> ( + − )↔ > + ↔ ( ) > 0 which is

valid. Therefore ( ) > 0 and ( ) ↑

As < 5 < 6 → ( ) < ( ) < ( ) → (1) is true.
Solution 2 by Sanong Huayrerai-Nakon Pathom-Thailand

For < < we have: − <5 −

If × − − <5 × 5 −

If − < 25 −

If + − < 25 + − and it’s true since

< 25 ; < 25 ⋅ . Hence − <5 −

Similarly, we have − <6 − .

That is − <5 − <6 − . Therefore, it’s true.

371. If ≤ ≤ then:

+ + ⋅ + ≥ + ⋅ + ⋅
Proposed by Seyran Ibrahimov-Maasilli-Azerbaijan
 www.ssmrmh.ro
Solution by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India

Let ( ) = ( ) − ∀ ∈ ,

( )= +√ − & ( )= ≥ ,∀ ∈ ,
( ) ( )

⇒ ( )≥ ( )∀ ∈ , ⇒ ( )≥ ∀ ∈ ,

⇒ ( ) ≥ ( )∀ ∈ , ⇒ ( )≥ ∀ ∈ ,

∴ ∈ , , ( ) − ≥
( )
⇒ ≥ √ ⇒ ≥ ⇒ ≥ ⇒ + ≥
( )
Case (1) ∈ , ∴ ≥ ⇒ − ≥
√ √
( )
(1), (2) ⇒ + ≥
( )
(3) ⇒ it suffices to prove: + ≥ +
?
∵ ≤ ≤ ,∴ ≥ , ∴ LHS of (4)≥ ≥ +
√
? ?
⇔ ≥ + ⇔( − ) ≥
?
⇔ ≥ ∵ − >0 ≤ ≤
( ) − √
? ? ?
∵ ≤ ≤ ,∴ ≥ ≥ ⇔ ≥ ⇔ + − ≥
√ √ − ( − )
?
⇔ + − ≤ ∵ ≤ , ∴ LHS of (6) ≤ + −
( )

= < 0 ⇒ (6)⇒ (5)⇒ (4) is true⇒ given inequality is true

Case 2) ∈ ,
√
()
∵ ≥ ∴ ≥ ⇒ ≥
( )
Again, > ∵ < < > ⇒ >0⇒ ≥
√ √
 www.ssmrmh.ro
( )
Lastly, ≥ . Now, given inequality ⇔
+ + + ≥ + +
( )
⇔ + + ≥ + +
(i)+(ii)+(iii)⇒ (7) is true ⇒ given inequality is true.

Combining both cases, we conclude that: given inequality is true ∀ ∈ , (proved)

372. If , , ∈ ℕ∗
( − ) ( − )⋅…⋅ ⋅
( , )= + + ⋯+
+ − ( + − )( + − ) ( + − )( + − ) ⋅ … ⋅
then:
⋅ ( , )+ ⋅ ( , )+ ⋅ ( , )≥ + +
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution by Lahiru Samarakoon-Sri Lanka
( − ) ( − )… ⋅
( , )= + +⋯+
+ − ( + − )( + − ) ( + − )( + − ) …
Then, ⋅ ( , )+ ⋅ ( , )+ ⋅ ( , )≥ + + . By adding last three parts,
( − )… ( − )… ⋅
( , )= +⋯+ +
+ − ( + − )…( + ) ( + − )…
⇓

( − )… ( + )
+ ⋯+
( + − ) ( + − )( + − ) … ( + )
⋮
( − ) ( + − )
( , )= + = =
( + − ) ( + − ) ( + − )
So, similarly, ( , ) = and ( , ) = ∴ LHS = ( , )+ ( , )+ ( , )
( )
= + + ≥ ( )
= ( + + ) (proved)

373. If , , > 0, + + = 64 then:

 www.ssmrmh.ro

+ + >1
√ √ √
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution 1 by Artan Ajredini-Presheva-Serbie

By Bergström’s inequality: LHS ≥ (1)

√ √ √

On the other side: √ − √ ≥ ⇒ ≥√ (2)

From (2) to (1) we get: ≥ = (3)

= +
Let ⇒ = ( − ) (4)
= −

= − (5)

= − (6)

=− (7)
From (4), (5), (6) and (7) we get:

+ + =− − − =
− − −

=− + + =
( − ) ( − ) ( − )
( − ) ( − ) + ( − ) ( − ) + ( − )( − )
=−
( − ) ( − ) ( − )
+ − − − + − − − + +
=− =
− − + + − + + − − +
− + − − − ⋅ + + − + +
=−
− ⋅ − + + + − + − ⋅ +
− − − + − + −
=− =
+ + − + − +
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= − ⋅ (− ) = (8)

By substituting (8) to (3) we get: LHS ≥ = = . Q.E.D.

Solution 2 by Ruangkhaw Chaoka-Chiangrai-Thailand

, , > 0; + + = 64. Prove that: = + + >1

√ √ √

Part I: + + =? ?

∵ ( )= ⋅ + ⇒ ( )= + +

Diff; ( )= +∑ + ⇒ Diff; − ( ) = −∑ +

+ = ( )−

+ = ( )− = −
→ → → ( )

= + ⋅ −
→ ( ) → ( )

− ( )
=( + )⋅ ; =
→ ( ) →

− ( )
= ⋅ ⋅ ⋅
→ → ( ) →

( ) ( )
= ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ − + −⋯ − − + −⋯
→ ! ! ! !

− − −
= ⋅ + +⋯ = ; = − + −⋯
→ ! ! ! !
−
→ ; + + = =
⋅

Part II: ∵ √ − √ + √ −√ + √ −√ ≥

= + + ≥√ +√ +√ → (a) holds at = = = → (1)

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∵ √ +√ +√ ≥ + + = → (b)

Holds at = = → (2)

(a)⋅ (b); ≥ holds at (1) ∧ (2) ⇔ = = not true!

No hold point! ⇒∴ > 1, now, the proof is complete!

Solution 3 by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India

( )
+ + >
√ √ √

LHS of (1) > ∑√

; = ≥ ∑
( )

( + + )
= ∵ =

Now, + + =( + + ) −
( )
− ( + + ) = − (say)

= + +

() − + +
=

Numerator of above = ( + )+ =
= ( + )+ (∵ = − )
= + =( + ) +
= + + (∵ = − )
= ( + )+ (∵ = − )
= + = ( + )
( )
=
( )
(i), (ii) ⇒ = . Now, = ⇔ =

⇔( ) = + +
⇔ = − + − + −
⇔ − = + −( + )
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⇔ + = + −{ ( − )+ }
⇔ = −(− + )⇔ = → true
( − ) ( )
⇒ = = = − ⇒ = −
( )
(m), (n), (b)⇒ + + =

(a), (c)⇒ LHS of (1) > = (proved)

374. If , , ∈ , then:

+ + > ⋅ ⋅ −
⋅ ⋅
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution 1 by Amit Dutta-Jamshedpur-India

, , ∈ , ⇒ < < ; < < ; < <

⇒ + + ∈ , ⇒− < ( + + )<1⇒ ( + + ) > −1

⇒ + + − > −1
Dividing throughout by

⇒ + + − >−

⇒ + + > − (proved)

Solution 2 by Lahiru Samarakoon-Sri Lanka

We have to prove:
+ + > −
( − )+ ( + ) > −1
( + )+ ( + )+ >0

Here, , , ∈ , ⇒ ( + + )+ > 0. It’s true < + + <

 www.ssmrmh.ro
Solution 3 by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India
Given inequality ⇔
+ + > ( )− ⋅
( )
⇔ + + + ( − )>
Now, > , > , > &∵ < , , < ,∴ , , >0
( )
∴ > ⇒ − >
( )
&∵ >1 > (as < , , < )
( )
∴ (a), (b)⇒ ( − )>
( )
&∵∑ > (as < , , < )

∴ (c)+(d)⇒ ∑ + ( − ) > 0 ⇒ (1) is true

(Proved)
375. If , , > 0 then:
( + )( + ) ( + )( + ) ( + )( + )
+ + ≥

Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania

Solution 1 by Sanong Huayrerai-Nakon Pathom-Thailand
= ↔ = , where ∈ ℝ, ∈ − , for , , > 0, we have
( + )( + ) ( + )( + ) ( + )( + )
+ + =

+ + + + + +
= + +

≥ + + : is increasing function

= ( )+ ( )+ ( )=

= ( ): ⇒ ( )= , ∈ − , = = . Therefore, it’s true.

Solution 2 by Ravi Prakash-New Delhi-India

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For , > 0, ≥( ) ⇒ ⋅ ≥ [( )( )]

+ + ( + )( + ) ( + )( + )
⇒ ⋅ ≥ ⇒ ≥ ⇒ ≥

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
Thus, + + ≥ + + =

Solution 3 by Tran Hong-Vietnam

Let ( ) = ( ) with ≥ ⇒ ( )= >0∀ ≥1⇒ ↗ on [ ; +∞)

⇒ ( )≥ ( )= ( )= (∀ ≥ ). We have:

( + )( + )=( + + )( + + ) ≥ ⋅ =
( + )( + )
⇒ = ≥
( )( ) ( )( )
Same: = ≥ and = ≥

⇒ ( )+ ( )+ ( )≥ ( )= ⋅ . Proved. Equality ⇔ = = .

376. If , , , , , > 0, + = + = + = 5 then:

( + + ) + + ≤ + +

Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania

Solution 1 by Lahiru Samarakoon-Sri Lanka

( + + ) + + ≤ + +

( ) ( ) ( )
We can simplify, + + ≤ + +

( − + − ) ( − + − ) ( − + − )
+ + ≤ − + − + −

≤ + + + + + . By AM-GM: + ≥

Similarly, + ≥ and + ≥ . So, ∑ + ≥ (proved)

Solution 2 by Michael Sterghiou-Greece

+ = + = + = then: ( + + ) + + ≤ + + (1)
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= + and cyclic application gives: + + = + + −

(1) becomes ( − − − ) + + ≥ (2). But

− − − = + + → (2) is true.
Solution 3 by Sanong Huayrerai-Nakon Pathom-Thailand
Since + = + = + = , , , , , , >0

We give = , = , = , = , = , =

Hence + + = = +

( + ) ( + ) ( + )
+ + = ⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅
+ ( + ) ( + )
( + ) ( + ) +
+ + = ⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅
( + ) ( + ) ( + )
and from expanding and reducing, we have:
+ + + + + ≥
≥ + + +
( ) ( ) ( )
Hence + + ≥( )
⋅ +( )
⋅ +( )
⋅ . That is + + ≥ + +

Similarly, we get + + ≥ + +

Hence + + ≥ + + + + + + + +

Therefore, ( + + ) + + ≤ + + is true.

Solution 4 by Shreeyes Biswal-India

( + + ) + + ≤ + +

− − −
⇔ −( + + ) + + ≤ + +

⇔ + + −( + + ) + + ≤ + + −

⇔ + + −( + + ) + + ≤ + + −
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⇔ −( + + ) + + ≤− ⇔( + + ) + + ≥

⇔ ≥ . Which is always true as AM ≥ HM ( , , > 0)

377. If , , > 1 then:

+ + + ≥
( + )( + )( + )
√ √ √
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution by Tran Hong-Vietnam

≥ (*); ( , > 1). Let ( ) = ( > 1)

√

⇒ ( )= − = − > >0

∵ > ; > 0 ∀ > 1 ⇒ ( ) ↗ on ( ; +∞)

Hence, √ ≤ ⇒ √ ≤ ⇒ (*) true. ⇒ ∏ ≥∏

√

∏ ∏ ( )
⇔ ≥ ( ) ( ) ( )
⇔ ≥ [( )( )( )]
. Proved
∏ ∏
√ √

378. If , , ∈ ℕ, , , ≥ then:

√ + √ + √ + √ + √ + √ ≤ √
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution by Sanong Huayrerai-Nakon Pathom-Thailand
For , , ∈ ℕ and , , ≥ . We have these facts:

1. ≥ ⇔ ≥ ≥ ∵ ≥ , ≤ ≤

2. + + ≥ + +
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3. + + ≥ + +
Consider, √ √ √ √ √ √ ≤ √

If ≤ ⋅ . If ≤ ⋅

If ≤ ⋅

If + + + + + ≤ ⋅

If + + + + + ≤ ⋅

If + + ≤ ⋅ . If ≤ ⋅ , ≤ ≤ ≤ . If ≤ ×
( ) ( )
If ≤ and it’s true because
≤ ⋅
≤ ⋅
≤ ⋅
⋮
Therefore, it’s true.

379. If , , , > 0, + + + = 1 then:

+ + + + + ≤
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
Proposed by Vasile Mircea Popa – Romania
Solution by Sanong Huayrerai-Nakon Pathom-Thailand
For , , , > 0 and + + + = , we have:

+ + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + +

= + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ + + ≤
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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+ + + + + +
≤ + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ + + + + + + +
( + + ) ( + + ) ( + + ) ( + + )
= + + +
( + + ) ( + + ) ( + + ) ( + + )

= ( + + + ) = . Therefore, it’s true.

380. If , , , > 0 then:

− + −√ + ≥( + )( + )

Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania

Solution 1 by Amit Dutta-Jamshedpur-India
+ =( + ) − =( + ) −

+ = + + + −

∵ ≥ ⇒ + + + − ≤

+√ + − + −√ + +
≤

( + )−
≤ ≤ + −

⇒ + + + − ≤ + −

But + = + + + −

⇒ ( + )≤ + −

⇒( + )≤ + − (1)

In this same way, ( + )≤ + −√ (2)

Multiplying (1) & (2): ( + )( + )≤ + − + −√

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or − + −√ + ≥( + )( + ) (proved)

Solution 2 by Myagmarsuren Yadamsuren-Darkhan-Mongolia

+ ≥ (True); + − ≥ ;( + ) + − ( + )≥

+ + − ⋅( + ) ≥ ; ( + )+ − ( + )≥ +

+ + − ( + ) ≥ +

− + ≥ +
⇒
: −√ + ≥ +

− + −√ + ≥( + )( + )

Solution 3 by Sanong Huayrerai-Nakon Pathom-Thailand

For all , > 0, we have: + + =( + ) + ≥ ( + )√
= √ + √
⇒ + + − √ − √ ≥
⇒ ( + )+ − √ − √ ≥ +
⇒ + + + − √ − √ ≥ +

⇒ −√ + ≥ +

Hence: × − + −√ + ≥( + )( + )

+ −√ + ≥( + )( + ). Therefore, it’s true.

Solution 4 by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India

+ + +
+ ≥ + ⇔( + ) ≥ + +

⇔ + − ≥ ⇔ − ≥ → true

+ ( )
∴ + − ≥ ⇔ + − ≥ +
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( )
Similarly, −√ + ≥ + ; (1).(2)⇒ given inequality is true (proved).

381. = , = , =

If , , , , , > 0 then:
| |
| |≥
( + + + + + )
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution by Ravi Prakash-New Delhi-India

+ + +
=
+ + +

+ + +
→ − , → − ,
− −
+ ( + )( + ) ( + )( + )
− −
=
+ ( + )( + ) ( + )( + )
− −
+ ( + )( + ) ( + )( + )
( − )( − )
=
( + )( + )( + )( + )( + )( + )( + )( + )( + )
( + )( + ) + +
where = ( + )( + ) + +
( + )( + ) + +
→ − , → −
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( + ) + −
= ( + ) + −
( + ) + −
Therefore ( − ) common from and use → −
( + )
=( − ) ( + )
( + )
→ −

=( − ) = −( − )

∴| |=| |
Denominator of = ( + )( + )( + )( + )( + )( + )( + )( + )( + )
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
≤

+ + + + +
=

⇒ (Denominator of ) ≤ ( + + + + + )
| | | |
Thus, | |= ≥( )

382.
, , , ≥ , ≥ ≥ ≥
+ + + + + +
= −√ , = −√ , = −√

Prove that:
( + + )≥( + + )( + + )
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution 1 by Tran Hong-Dong Thap-Vietnam
We prove that: ≥ ≥ ≥
∵ ≥ ⇔ + + + −√ ≥ + + −√ ⇔ + √ ≥ √
It is true because:
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+ √ = +√ +√ +√ ≥ [ ] = √

∵ ≥ ⇔ + + − √ ≥ + − √ ⇔ + √ ≥ √

It is true because + √ = +√ +√ ≥ ( ) = √

∵ ≥ ⇔ ≥ ⇔ + ≥ √ (true). Similarly: , ≥
Hence: ≥ ≥ ≥ . More, ≥ ≥ ≥ then using Chebyshev’s inequality:

+ + ≥ ( + + )( + + )

⇔ ( + + )≥( + + )( + + ) Proved
Solution 2 by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India
( )
≥ ⇔ + + + − √ ≥ + + − √ ⇔ + √ ≥ √
It is easy to note that, if , at least one variable equals to , then (1) is true.
We now consider , , , > 0. Then + √ = +√ +√ +√
( )
≥ √ ⋅ = √ ⇒ ≥ . Also, ≥ ⇔
( )
+ + − √ ≥ + − √ ⇔ + √ ≥ √
It is easy to note that, if, at least one variable equals to , then (2) is true.
We now consider , , > 0.
( )
Then + √ = +√ +√ ≥ √ ⋅ ⇒ ≥
(a), (b)⇒ ≥ ≥ &∵ ≥ ≥

∴ ( + + ) ≥ ( + + )( + + )

=( + + )( + + ) (proved)

383. If < , , < then:

+ + + +
≥
+ + + +
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
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Solution 1 by Tran Hong-Dong Thap-Vietnam
Let ( ) = < < ⇒ ( )= <0 < < ⇒ ( )↘ ;

(Because: ( ) = − < <

⇒ ( )=− <0⇒ ( )↘ , ⇒ ( )< ( )= )

( − ) +
⇒ ( )=− <0 < <

(Because: ( ) = −[( − ) + ]

⇒ ( )=− <0 < < ⇒ ( )↘ ; ⇒ ( ) < ℎ( ) = )

Now, inequality ⇔ ( + + ) ≥ + +
+ +
= + + , = , = , =
+ +
+ +
Using Jensen’s inequality with ( ) = ( > 0)
+ +
( )+ ( )+ ( )≤( + + )⋅
+ +
=( + + )⋅ . We must show that
+ +
≥ ⇔( + + ) ≥ + +
+ +

⇒ + + = ⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅
( )
≤ ( + + )⋅ . Proved.

Solution 2 by Michael Sterghiou-Greece

≥ (1)

For simplicity, let =∑ , =∑ . By weighted AM-GM we have:

∑ ≥ ∏ as all terms are > 0 on ,

RHS of (1) ≤ ⋅∑ which suffices to be ≤ ⋅ = of (1)

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This leads to ∑ ≤ ⋅ (2). Consider the function

( )= over , with ( )=− ( − ) +

Consider further the function ( ) = ( − ) + with

( )= > 0 on , hence ( ) ↑ and ( ) > ( ) =

Therefore ( ) < 0 → ( ) concave. Applying now the generalized Jensen

inequality, we get:
∑
∑
∑ ⋅ ≤ ⋅ ∑ → ⋅ = = of (2). We are done!
∑

( ) ( ) ( )
384. = , = , = , , , , ≥

Prove that:
( + + )( + + )≤ ( + + )
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution by Tran Hong-Dong Thap-Vietnam
, , , ≥ ⇒ ≤ ≤ ; + − √ ≥ ⇒ ≥ , similarly: , ≥
We have: ≤ ≤ . In fact:
( ) ( )
≤ ⇔ ( + ) ≤ ( + + ) (1)

( )
∵ ( + )( + ) ≤ ⇔ ⋅ ( + ) ≤ ( + + ) ⇔ (1) true.
( ) ( )
≤ (2)

⇔ ( + + ) ≤ ( + + + )
( + + + )
∴ ( + + )( + + )( + + ) ≤

⇔ ⋅ ( + + ) ≤ ( + + + ) ⇔ (2) true.
Now, using Chebyshev’s inequality:

( + + )≥ ( + + )( + + )

⇔ ( + + )≥ ( + + )( + + ) Proved
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385. If < < < < then:

+
+ >

Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania

Solution 1 by Michael Sterghiou-Greece

+ > (1)

(1)→ + + ≥ (2)

RHS of (2) suffices to be ≥ ⋅ which reduces to

= ≥ (3). Consider the function ( ) = over , .

( )= ( − ) < 0 because < on , so ( ) is decreasing.

Because > we observe that the ratio varies between

(when → and → as → = )

and when → , therefore > > as < 1. Done.

Solution 2 by Tran Hong-Dong Thap-Vietnam

+ ( )
+ = + + ≥

√
We must show that: > ⇔ > ⇔ > ⋅
√

⇔ √ ⋅ > 2√ ⋅ (*)

Because: < and > for , ∈ ,

√ ⋅ > √ ⋅ = √ ; √ < 2√ ⋅ = √
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We have: √ > 2√ ⇒ (*) true. Proved.

386. If < ≤ < then:

√ ⋅ ≥ √ ⋅
+ +
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution by Tran Hong-Dong Thap-Vietnam

√ ⋅ = √ − − √ +
+ + +

√ ⋅ = √ − − √ +
+ + +
Must show that:

√ − + √ + ≥ √ − + √ +
+ + + +
√ √ √ √
⇔ − ⋅ + ≥ + ⋅ − (*)

√ ( ) √ √ √
+ ≥ + ⇔ + ≥ +
+ + + +

⇔ √ ≥ ⋅ ⇔ + ≥ √ (true)

√ ( ) √ √ √
− ≥ − ⇔ − ≥ −
+ + + +

⇔ √ ≥ ⇔ + ≥ √ (true). From (1) and (2) we have: (*) true. Proved.

387. If , ∈ , then:

− + <

Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania

Solution 1 by Tran Hong-Dong Thap-Vietnam

− + <
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+ ( − )
⇔ <

Because: < , < ⇒ , , > 0. We need to prove:

+ ( − )<6
⇔ ( + ) + ( − )<6

⇔ + ( − ) < 3 (*) We have:

( ) ( )
(∗) ≤ | |+| || − | ≤ + − ≤

(1)⇔ − <8 ( = , < < 1)

⇔ − − < 0 ⇔ 9( − ) + < 0; (True) ⇒ (1) true ⇒ (*) true.

Solution 2 by Khaled Abd Imouti-Damascus-Syria

= − + ≤
⋅ ⋅ ⋅
−
= + ⋅ − ; = + ⋅
⋅
⋅ ⋅ ⋅( )
= + ⋅
= + ⋅
; = ⋅ ⋅

?
Let us prove that: ⋅ + ( − )<
?
⋅ − ( − )<
?
−√ ⋅ ⋅ − <

Suppose:

( )= ⋅ −√ ⋅ ⋅ − , ∈ ,

( ) =− , ( ) =−
→ →

( )= ⋅ −√ − −

( )= ⋅ +√ ⋅ ⋅ −
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f’(y) ++++++++++++ −−−−−−−−−−−

( ) −√
− −

∀ ∈ , : ⋅ −√ ⋅ − ≤ −√
? ? ?
Note: −√ < ⇒ − <√ ⇒ − <√
? ?
− <√ ⇒√ + > it’s true for ∈] , [

So, ≤ ⋅ ⋅

388. If < < < then:

− ( + )
>1+
−
Proposed by Nguyen Van Nho-Nghe An-Vietnam
Solution 1 by Ravi Prakash-New Delhi-India

For < < < 1: = ( − )+ ( − )+ ( − )+⋯

! !

= + ( + )+ ( + + )+⋯>1+ ( + )
! !
−
⇒ >1+ ( + )
−

≥ + ( + )= + ( + )

Solution 2 by Sagar Kumar-Patna Bihar-India

< < < . Let ( ) = . Consider the interval [ , ]

( ) is continuous and differentiable ∴ By LMVT there exist ∈( , )

( )
s.t = ⇒ ≥ + + !
…>1+
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− ( + )
>1+
−
as ( + )= + which is clearly less than
( )+ ( )
Solution 3 by Lazaros Zachariadis-Thessaloniki-Greece
< < <
so, <
↗, ∈ ,

∫ ( )
( )= convex. Hermite Hadamard: ≥

[ ] +
⇔ ≥ > +
−
− ⋅ + ⋅ ⋅ + ⋅
⇔ > + ≥ +
−
( + )
= +

Solution 4 by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India

( )
If < < < , then >1+
( + ) + +
+ = + < 1+

? −
(∵ , <1 , , , > 0) <
−
( )
⇔ − − > − −

Let ( ) = − − ∀ ∈ ,

( )= ( − − )=( )( )− −
> ( + )− − (∵ >1+ )=

⇒ ( ) > 0 ⇒ ( ) is an increasing function on ,

∴ as > ,∴ − − > − − ⇒ (1) is true (proved)

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389. If < , , < then:

( ) +( ) +( ) >1
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution 1 by Avishek Mitra-West Bengal-India
⋅
⇒( ) =( )( )

( )
Need to prove ⇒ ∑ ( ) >1

⇔( + − )( )
> +( − )( + )
= + ⋅ + ⋅ −

⇒ ( )( )
>3+2 − ( + + )

> 3+2 ( − ) > 3− 2 −

∵ < ⇒ < ⇒ − <

⇔ − < ⇒ − <

Surely ⇒ ∑ ( ) > 1 (proved)

Solution 2 by Tran Hong-Dong Thap-Vietnam

+ −
= [ + ]

+ −
= [ + ]

+ −
= [ + ]

⇒ ≥( )( )
+( )[ ]
+( )[ ]

=( ) ( ) +( ) ⋅( ) +( ) ⋅( )

Let = ; = ; = ; , , ∈ ;

We prove that: ⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅ > 1. Using AM-GM:

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⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅ ≥ ( ⋅ ⋅ )( ⋅ ⋅ )

But ⋅ ⋅ > ; ⋅ ⋅ >

√ √

Now, we want to prove: ⋅ ⋅ > (Similarly: ⋅ ⋅ > )

√ √

⇔ + + >− √

Using Jensen’s inequality with ( ) = ( ), ∈ ,

+ +
+ + ≥( + + )
+ +

⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅
> + + = =− >− √
+ +

(Because ( ) = ↘ ; )

Hence, ⋅ + ⋅ + + ⋅ > 1 (Proved)

390. If ∈ ℝ then:
−
( )+ ( )<

Proposed by Rovsen Pirguliyev-Sumgait-Azerbaijan

Solution by Tran Hong-Dong Thap-Vietnam
( )+ ( )≤ (*)

Let = ( ), = ( ) ≤ , ≤

⇒ = ; = ⇒ + = ⇒ < + ≤

(*) ⇔ ( + )≤ − +
⇔ − + ( + )− ≤ (**)
(**) true because: − + ( + )− ≤ + ⋅ − < 0 (proved)

391. If ∈ (ℝ), = = . Prove that:

( + + )≥ ( )
Proposed by Marian Ursărescu – Romania
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Solution 1 by Serban George Florin-Romania
( )= ∗)
−( ) +( − =− ( − )
+ √
= , + + = , =−

( + + )= ( − )⋅ ( − )= ( )⋅ ( )=
∗) ∗)
= ( −( ) +( − )( − ( ) +( − )=
∗) ∗)
=( − +( − )⋅( − +( − )=
∗) ∗) ∗)
= [− +( ] ⋅ [− + ( ]= −( −
∗) ∗ )( ∗) ∗) ∗)
−( +( = − ⋅( −( +
∗) ∗ )( ∗) ∗) ∗
+( = −( + )+( =( + +
∗ ∗ ∗
=( )⋅ ⇒ = ⇒ =

⇒ ( + + )= ( ) + ( )+ ≥ ( )

⇔ ( ) − ( )+ ≥ ⇔( ( ) − ) ≥ . True.

Solution 2 by Ravi Prakash-New Delhi-India

Let ( ) = ( − ) be the characteristic polynomial of , then:
( )= ∗)
−( ) + ( − ( )= − + −
To show: ( + + )≥ ( ) (1)
= ( − )( − ) [ ≠ , cube root of unity]
= ( − ) ( − )=( ( − )) ≥
If ( )≤ , (1) immediately follows. Suppose ( )= >0
∗ ∗ [| | = ]
But =| |⋅ =

Now, | ( − )| = (− ) | − | = | ( )|

√
= − + − = | || − | = − + = + +

= + + ≥ [∵ > 0]
( )≥ ( ∗) ( )
Thus, + + = =
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392. If , , ∈ ( , ) then:
⋅ ⋅ +( + + ) >1
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution 1 by Tran Hong-Dong Thap-Vietnam
Let = ; = ; = . Because: < , , < ⇒0< , , <1

+ >1⇔ ( − )+ >1

⇔( − )( − )( − )+( + + ) >1
⇔ −( + + )+( + + )−( ) + + + +
+ ( + + )>1
⇔( + + )+ ( + + )−( ) >0
It is true because:
( + + )+ + + )≥ ( ) = √

and: √ > >( ) (∵ < < 1)

Solution 2 by Khaled Abd Imouti-Damascus-Syria
⋅ ⋅ +( + + ) > 1, , , ∈ ( , )

( + )+ =( + ) + ( + )+
= + + + + +
= + + + + +
⋅ ⋅ + + + + +
?
+ + >
But: ( − )( − )( − )= ⋅ ⋅
( − − + )( − )= ⋅ ⋅
− − + − + ⋅ + −
− + + + +
?
+ ⋅ + + >
+ + + − +
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?
+ + + >
+ ⋅ + ⋅ − +
?
+ + + >
( + )+ ( + )+
?
+ ( + )>
+ + + ?
+ + >

because , , ∈ ( , ): > 0, > 0 and > 0. So, the inequality is true.

Solution 3 by Amit Dutta-Jamshedpur-India
Let = ⋅ ⋅ +( + + ) . Put = , = , =
=( − )( − )( − )+( + + ) ∵ , , ∈( , )⇒ , , ∈( , )
= − − − +( ) +( ) +( ) −( ) +
+ + + + + +
= +( ) +( ) +( ) −( ) + ( + + )
= + ( − )+ + + ( + + )
∵ < <1⇒0< <1⇒( − )>0
∴ > 1{∵ ( − )+ + + ( + + ) > 0}
∴ > 1. Proved.
393. If < , , ≤ 16 then:

+ ( + )( + )( + )
−√ ≤

Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania

Solution by Michael Sterghiou-Greece
∏ ( )
∑ −√ ≤ (1)

(1) → ∑ −√ ≤ ∑ −∑ or
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∑ √ − ≥∑ − (2)

The function ( ) = √ − on ( , ] is convex as

√
( )= ≥ for < ≤ 16. Assume WLOG that ≥ ≥ .

Case I: ≥ . The triad ( , , ) majorizes the triad ≥ ≥ as:

≥ ; + ≥ + ↔ ≥ and + + =∑

Case II: ≤ . The triad ( ≥ ≥ ) majorizes the triad ≥ ≥ as

≥ and + ≥ + ↔ ≥ . Applying Karamata’s inequality for the

convex function ( ) = √ − on ( , ] for the above triads for either case I or II

we obtain (2). Done!

394. If − ≤ , , ≤ then, prove that:

⋅ ⋅ +( + + ) ≥
Proposed by Sudhir Jha-Kolkata-India
(Inspired by Prof. Daniel Sitaru)
Solution 1 by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India
Let = , = , = ∵− ≤ , , ≤

∴ ≤ , , ≤ ⇒ , , ∈[ , ]
Given inequality ⇔ ∏( − ) + (∑ ) ≥
( )
⇔∑ + ∑ ≥ (after simplification)
?
∵ ≤ ≤ ,∴ ≤ ≤ +
( )
⇔ + ≥ → true ∵ , ≥ ∴ ≤ +
( ) ( )
Similarly, ≤ + & ≤ +

(a)+(b)+(c)⇒ ∑ + ∑ ≥ ⇒ (1) ⇒ given inequality is true (proved)

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Solution 2 by Tran Hong-Dong Thap-Vietnam
Putting: = ; = ; =

; ; ∈ − ; ⇒ ≤ , , ≤ ⇒ ≤ ≤

+( + + ) ≥
⇔( − )( − )( − )+( + + ) ≥
⇔( − )( − )( − )+( + + ) ≥
⇔ + + + ( + + )≥( )

∵ + + + ( + + ) ≥ ( ) = √

∵ √ ≥ ≥( ) (Because: ≤ ≤ ) Proved.

395. If < < < < < then:

⋅ ⋅ <

Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania

Solution by Tran Hong-Dong Thap-Vietnam

= ≤ = ; = ≤ =
⋅

= ≤ = → ⋅ ⋅ ≤ ⋅ ⋅ =
⋅

Now, we must show that: < ↔ < (*)

Let ( ) = < < → ( )= + >0 < <

Hence, ( ) ↗ ;

Because < < < → ( )< ( )→ < → (*) true. Proved.

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396.

– incentre, – circumradii
⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ≤
Proposed by Mustafa Tarek-Cairo-Egypt
Solution by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India
Let = , = , = , = , = , = , = , = , = , =
Let , be the semi-perimeter, inradius respectively.
( ) ( )
Now, + = . Again, = ( + )( + )

( )( )
≤ = = (∵ by Pitot’s theorem for tangential

quadrilaterals, + = + = )
( )
⇒ ≥ ⇒ ≥ ⇒ ≤

? ? ?
(1), (2) ⇒ + ≤ ( + )≤ ⇔ + ≤ ⇔( + ) ≤
( )

( + ) = + +
( + )( + ) ( + )( + )
= + +
+ +
+ + ( + )( + ) ( + )( + )
= + + + = +
+ + + +
( + )( + )
= + = =
+ + ( + )( + ) ( ) ( + )( + )

By Brahmagupta & Parameshara: = ( + )( + )( + )

( = )⇒ =( + )( + ) ∵ =√
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⇒ ( ) = ( + )( + ) ⋅ + +

( )
⇒( + )( + ) =
+√ +

(4), (5)⇒ ( + ) =

+√ + +√ + ?
= = ≤
?
⇔ +√ + ≤ ⋅ = . But ∵ ≤ +√ +
( )
?
∴ LHS of (6) ≤ +√ + ≤
? ?
⇔ √ ≥ + + ⇔ ≥ + + + +
? ?
⇔ − ≥ + ⇔ − ≥ +
?
⇔( − ) ≥ ( + )

∵ ≥ ( . )> ⇒ − >0

? ?
⇔ − ≥ ⇔ ≥ → true, by L. Fejes Toth
⇒ (6) ⇒ (3) is true⇒ + ≤

∴ ≥ ⋅ + ⋅ ≥ √ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⇒ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ≤ (proved)

397. – tetrahedron, – inradii, , , , – exradii. Prove

that:

+ + + ≤
√ √ √ √
Proposed by Marian Ursărescu – Romania
Solution by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India
Let , , , be areas of sides opposite to vertices , , , respectively.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Then, = , = , = , = &
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( )
= , where → volume. Now, LHS ≤ √ + + +

( ),( )
( ),( ) + + − + + + − + + + − + + + −
=

( ) √ √ ( )
= = = (Proved)
√ √

398. ( , , ), ( , , ), ( , , ), ( , , ),
, , > 0, – orthocenter, – centroid of . Prove that:

≤ ≤
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru – Romania
Solution by Le Van-Hanoi-Vietnam

; ; → = ( + + )

⇐ due to AM-GM of 3 numbers , and

= + +

⇐ due to AM-GM of 3 numbers ( ) ,( ) and ( )

QED. Equality holds when = = . The proof of = + + :

⊥ at
⊥ , ⊥ → ⊥( )→ ⊥ → ⊥( )→ ⊥

→ = + ; ⊥ ; ⊥( ), stated above → ⊥ → ⊥( )

→ = + = + +

399. Let , , be positive real numbers such that: + = = . Find

the minimum of expression:

= + + + + +
( − + ) ( − + ) ( − + )
Proposed by Hoang Le Nhat Tung-Hanoi-Vietnam
 www.ssmrmh.ro
Solution by Nguyen Van Nho-Nghe An-Vietnam
(∑ )
We have: ∑ ∑ ≥ (∑ ) = →∑ ≥∑ and ∑ ≤ = .

= + + ≥ +
( − + ) ( − + ) ∑

≥ + ≥ +
+ − + ∑ ∑ + ∑( − + ) ∑

= + = + +
+ (∑ ) − ∑ ∑ −∑ ∑ ∑
( )
≥ ∑ ∑
+∑ ≥ + = ; = ↔ = = = . So: = .

400. , , – real numbers different in pairs + + = . Find

=( + + ) + +
( − ) ( − ) ( − )
Proposed by Le Ngo Duc-Vietnam
Solution 1 by Tran Hong-Dong Thap-Vietnam
+ + = ⇔ = − − ;( ≠ ; ≠ ; ≠ ). We must show that: ≥

⇔[ + +( + ) ] + + ≥
( − ) ( + ) ( + )
⇔ + + ( + ) ( + ) +( − ) ( + ) +( − ) ( + ) ≥
≥ {( − )( + )( + )} ⇔ + + ≥
⇔ ( )( + + )≥ ⇔ ( ) ( + ) ≥ (true for , ). Equality:
= ⇒ =− ≠ ; = ⇔ =− ≠ ; =− ( , ≠ )⇒ = −(− ) − =

Hence, = ⇔ ( ; ; ) = ( ; ; − ) or ( ; ; ) = ( ; − ; )

or ( ; ; − ) (with ≠ )
Solution 2 by Michael Sterghiou-Greece
If ∈ ℕ∗ , , , ∈ ℝ: ∏ ( − ) ≠ ∧∑ = find the min of:

= ∑ ∑
( )
(T)
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WLOG assume > > 0 > . We have = −( + ). ⋅ ⋅

gives =[ + +( + ) ]⋅ ( )
+( )
+( )
with

= > 1 [If >0> > we eliminate and with = > 1 we are at the same

situation]. (T) expands to:

+ +
+ + + + + +
− − − + + +

+ + + (1)

∗
The terms + ≥ ≥ and also the terms

∗ ∗
+ ≥ . In addition: + + ≥ . Now, the

function, ( ) = + is decreasing because:

( )= ⋅( − < 0, therefore
)

+
( )≥ ( )= + = =
→ → + +

Summing up the terms of (1) we get ≥ + + +

or minimum = +

* We observe that these are achieved when → +∞ therefore it is legitimate to

write at the limit → ∞ that ≥ +

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It’s nice to be important but more important it’s to be nice.

At this paper works a TEAM.
This is RMM TEAM.
To be continued!
Daniel Sitaru