DERIVATIVES AND INTEGRALS

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Basic Differentiation Rules

d d d
1. 关cu兴 ⫽ cu⬘ 2. 关u ± v兴 ⫽ u⬘ ± v⬘ 3. 关uv兴 ⫽ uv⬘ ⫹ vu⬘
dx dx dx

冤冥
d u vu⬘ ⫺ uv⬘ d d n
4. ⫽ 5. 关c兴 ⫽ 0 6. 关u 兴 ⫽ nu n⫺1u⬘
dx v v2 dx dx
d d u d u⬘
7.
dx
关x兴 ⫽ 1 8.
dx ⱍⱍ
关u兴⫽
u
共u⬘ 兲, u ⫽ 0
ⱍⱍ
9.
dx
关ln u兴 ⫽
u
d u d u⬘ d u
10. 关e 兴 ⫽ eu u⬘ 11. 关loga u兴 ⫽ 12. 关a 兴 ⫽ 共ln a兲au u⬘
dx dx 共ln a兲u dx
d d d
13. 关sin u兴 ⫽ 共cos u兲u⬘ 14. 关cos u兴 ⫽ ⫺ 共sin u兲u⬘ 15. 关tan u兴 ⫽ 共sec2 u兲u⬘
dx dx dx
d d d
16. 关cot u兴 ⫽ ⫺ 共csc2 u兲u⬘ 17. 关sec u兴 ⫽ 共sec u tan u兲u⬘ 18. 关csc u兴 ⫽ ⫺ 共csc u cot u兲u⬘
dx dx dx
d u⬘ d ⫺u⬘ d u⬘
19. 关arcsin u兴 ⫽ 20. 关arccos u兴 ⫽ 21. 关arctan u兴 ⫽
dx 冪1 ⫺ u2 dx 冪1 ⫺ u2 dx 1 ⫹ u2
d ⫺u⬘ d u⬘ d ⫺u⬘
22. 关arccot u兴 ⫽ 23. 关arcsec u兴 ⫽ 24. 关arccsc u兴 ⫽
dx 1 ⫹ u2 dx u 冪u2 ⫺ 1ⱍⱍ dx u 冪u2 ⫺ 1 ⱍⱍ
d d d
25. 关sinh u兴 ⫽ 共cosh u兲u⬘ 26. 关cosh u兴 ⫽ 共sinh u兲u⬘ 27. 关tanh u兴 ⫽ 共sech2 u兲u⬘
dx dx dx
d d d
28. 关coth u兴 ⫽ ⫺ 共csch2 u兲u⬘ 29. 关sech u兴 ⫽ ⫺ 共sech u tanh u兲u⬘ 30. 关csch u兴 ⫽ ⫺ 共csch u coth u兲u⬘
dx dx dx
d u⬘ d u⬘ d u⬘
31. 关sinh⫺1 u兴 ⫽ 32. 关cosh⫺1 u兴 ⫽ 33. 关tanh⫺1 u兴 ⫽
dx 冪u2 ⫹ 1 dx 冪u2 ⫺ 1 dx 1 ⫺ u2
d u⬘ d ⫺u⬘ d ⫺u⬘
34. 关coth⫺1 u兴 ⫽ 35. 关sech⫺1 u兴 ⫽ 36. 关csch⫺1 u兴 ⫽
dx 1 ⫺ u2 dx u冪1 ⫺ u2 dx u 冪1 ⫹ u2 ⱍⱍ
Basic Integration Formulas

1. 冕 冕
kf 共u兲 du ⫽ k f 共u兲 du 2. 冕 关 f 共u兲 ± g共u兲兴 du ⫽ 冕 f 共u兲 du ± 冕 g共u兲 du

3. 冕du ⫽ u ⫹ C 4. 冕 au du ⫽ 冢ln1a冣a u ⫹C

5. 冕eu du ⫽ eu ⫹ C 6. 冕 sin u du ⫽ ⫺cos u ⫹ C

7. 冕cos u du ⫽ sin u ⫹ C 8. 冕 tan u du ⫽ ⫺ln cos u ⫹ C ⱍ ⱍ

9. 冕 ⱍ ⱍ
cot u du ⫽ ln sin u ⫹ C 10. 冕 ⱍ
sec u du ⫽ ln sec u ⫹ tan u ⫹ C ⱍ
11. 冕 ⱍ
csc u du ⫽ ⫺ln csc u ⫹ cot u ⫹ C ⱍ 12. 冕 sec2 u du ⫽ tan u ⫹ C

13. 冕csc2 u du ⫽ ⫺cot u ⫹ C 14. 冕 sec u tan u du ⫽ sec u ⫹ C

15. 冕csc u cot u du ⫽ ⫺csc u ⫹ C 16. 冕 du

冪a2 ⫺u2
u
⫽ arcsin ⫹ C
a

17. 冕 du 1
a 2 ⫹ u2 a
u
⫽ arctan ⫹ C
a
18. 冕 du
u冪u ⫺ a
2 2
1
⫽ arcsec
a
u
a
⫹C ⱍⱍ

© Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning

Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 TRIGONOMETRY
Definition of the Six Trigonometric Functions
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Right triangle definitions, where 0 < ␪ < ␲兾2. y

opp hyp
se sin ␪ ⫽ csc ␪ ⫽ (− 12 , 23 ) π (0, 1) ( 12 , 23 )

Opposite
e n u hyp opp
pot 90°
Hy
θ cos ␪ ⫽
adj
hyp
sec ␪ ⫽
hyp
adj
(− 22 , 22 ) 3π 23π 2 π3 π ( 22 , 22 )
120° 60°
Adjacent
tan ␪ ⫽
opp
cot ␪ ⫽
adj (− 23 , 12) 56π 4150°135° 45°
4 π
30°
6 ( 23 , 21)
adj opp
0° 0 x
Circular function definitions, where ␪ is any angle. (− 1, 0) π 180° 360° 2π (1, 0)
y y r
sin ␪ ⫽ csc ␪ ⫽ 210° 330°
(x, y)
r = x2 + y2 r
x
y
r
(− 23 , − 12) 76π 5π 225°240° 300°315°7π 116π ( 23 , − 21)
y
r
θ
x
cos ␪ ⫽
r
sec ␪ ⫽
x (− 22 , − 22 ) 4 43π 270° 32π 53π 4 ( 22 , − 22 )
y x
x
tan ␪ ⫽
x
cot ␪ ⫽
y
(− 12 , − 23 ) (0, −1) ( 2 , − 2 )
1 3

Reciprocal Identities Double -Angle Formulas

1 1 1 sin 2u ⫽ 2 sin u cos u
sin x ⫽ sec x ⫽ tan x ⫽
csc x cos x cot x cos 2u ⫽ cos2 u  sin2 u ⫽ 2 cos2 u  1 ⫽ 1  2 sin2 u
1 1 1 2 tan u
csc x ⫽ cos x ⫽ cot x ⫽ tan 2u ⫽
sin x sec x tan x 1  tan2 u
Tangent and Cotangent Identities Power-Reducing Formulas
sin x cos x 1  cos 2u
tan x ⫽ cot x ⫽ sin2 u ⫽
cos x sin x 2
1 ⫹ cos 2u
Pythagorean Identities cos2 u ⫽
2
sin2 x ⫹ cos2 x ⫽ 1 1  cos 2u
2
tan u ⫽
1 ⫹ tan2 x ⫽ sec2 x 1 ⫹ cot2 x ⫽ csc2 x 1 ⫹ cos 2u
Cofunction Identities Sum-to-Product Formulas
sin␲2  x ⫽ cos x cos␲2  x ⫽ sin x sin u ⫹ sin v ⫽ 2 sinu ⫹2 v cosu 2 v
sin u  sin v ⫽ 2 cos
2   2 
u⫹v uv
csc  x ⫽ sec x tan  x ⫽ cot x
␲ ␲ sin
2 2
cos u ⫹ cos v ⫽ 2 cos  cos
2 
u⫹v uv
sec  x ⫽ csc x cot  x ⫽ tan x
␲ ␲
2 2 2
cos u  cos v  2 sin
2   2 
u⫹v uv
Reduction Formulas sin
sin共x兲  sin x cos共x兲  cos x Product-to-Sum Formulas
csc共x兲  csc x tan共x兲  tan x 1
sec共x兲 ⫽ sec x cot共x兲  cot x sin u sin v ⫽ 关cos共u  v兲  cos共u ⫹ v兲兴
2
Sum and Difference Formulas 1
cos u cos v ⫽ 关cos共u  v兲 ⫹ cos共u ⫹ v兲兴
sin共u ± v兲 ⫽ sin u cos v ± cos u sin v 2
1
cos共u ± v兲 ⫽ cos u cos v  sin u sin v sin u cos v ⫽ 关sin共u ⫹ v兲 ⫹ sin共u  v兲兴
2
tan u ± tan v
tanu ± v兲 ⫽ 1
1  tan u tan v cos u sin v ⫽ 关sinu ⫹ v兲  sin共u  v兲兴
2

© Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning

Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 GRAPHS OF TRIG FUNCTIONS
Domain: ( −∞, ∞ ) Domain: ( −∞, ∞ )  1  1 
Domain:   k −  π ,  k +  π 
Range: [ −1,1] Range: [ −1,1]  2  2 
Period: 2π Period: 2π Range: ( −∞, ∞ )
Period: π

1 1
1

π π 3π 2π −
π π π 3π
2 2 2
2 2
−
π π π 3π 2π
2 2 2

-1 -1
-1

f ( x ) = sin x f ( x ) = cos x
f ( x ) = tan x
Domain: ( ( k − 1)π , kπ )  1  1 
Domain:   k −  π ,  k +  π 
Domain: ( ( k − 1)π , kπ )
Range: (−∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞)  2  2  Range: ( −∞, ∞ )
Range: (−∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞)
2
1
2
1

1
−
π π π 3π 2π π π π 3π 2π
2 2 2 −
2 2 2
-1 −
π π π 3π 2π
2 2 2
-1
-2
-1
-2
-3

-3
1
f ( x ) = csc x = 1 f ( x ) = cot x =
1
sin x f ( x ) = sec x = tan x
cos x

UT Learning Center
Jester A332 471-3614
Revised 5/01 University of Texas at Austin
 GRAPHS OF INVERSE TRIG FUNCTIONS
Domain: [ −1,1] Domain: [ −1,1] Domain: ( −∞, ∞ )
 π π Range: [ 0,π ]  π π
Range:  − ,  Range:  − , 
 2 2  2 2
π
π
π
2
2

π
π
4
2

π -1 1 π
π -1 1 π −
− 2 2
2 2

π
− π -1 1 π
4 −
2 2 π
−
2

f ( x ) = cos x
π
− −1
2

f ( x ) = sin −1 x f ( x ) = tan −1 x
f ( x ) = arccos x
f ( x ) = arcsin x f ( x ) = arctan x
Domain: (−∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞) Domain: (−∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞) Domain: ( −∞, ∞ )
 π π π Range: ( 0,π )
Range:  − ,  , y ≠ 0 Range: [ 0,π ] , y ≠
 2 2 2
π π π

π
2 π π
2 2

−π −
π -1 1 π π
2 2
−π −
π -1 1 π π
2 2
π −π −
π -1 1 π π
− 2 2
2

π
f ( x ) = cot −1 x
−
−π
f ( x ) = arccot x
2

f ( x ) = csc −1 x f ( x ) = sec −1 x
f ( x ) = arccsc x f ( x ) = arcsec x

UT Learning Center
Jester A332 471-3614
Revised 5/01 University of Texas at Austin
 PARABOLA ELLIPSE
-Condition of tangency: -Focal chord = 2b2 / a
y=mx+(a/m) xm^2 -ym + a =0 -b2 = a2 * (1- e2)
-c = ae
-Tangent point:
( a/m2 , 2a/m ) -Condition of tangency:

-Equation of tangent at (y(1) , x(1)): y = mx (+) a2 * m2 + b2

yy (1) = 2a (x+x (1) )
-Equation of tangent at (y(1) , x(1)):
-Equation of normal at (y(1) , x(1)):
y = mx - 2am - am^3 (xx(1) / a2) + (yy(1)/ b2) = 1

-Equation of normal:
-Parametric equation:
X = at2 , y = 2at (y - y(1)) / (x - x(1)) = (a2 / b2) * (y(1) / x(1) )

-Equation of diameter: -Polar equation:

y = 2a/m r = a(1 - e^2) / (1 + e cos )

-Polar equation: -Parametric equation:

r = 2a / (1 - cos ) X = a cos(t) , y = b sin(t)

HYPERBOLA
-Condition of tangency:

y = mx (+) a2 * m2 - b2

-Equation of tangent at (y(1) , x(1)):

(xx(1) / a2) - (yy(1)/ b2) = 1

-Equation of normal:

(y - y(1)) / (x - x(1)) = - (a2 / b2) * (y(1) / x(1) )

-Polar equation:
r = K e / (1 + e cos )

-Parametric equation:
X = a cosh(t) , y = b sinh(t)
or
x = a sec(t) , y = b tan(t)