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Analog Elecronics3

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Analog Elecronics3

Uploaded by

Keynesian Socialist
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ANALOG ELECRONICS

MIN- PROJECT
LEVEL 5 (EVENING)
NAME: …………………………….

A Fire alarm is a simple electronic circuit that determines the presence of any hazardous fire in its
vicinity & triggers an array of preventive measures such as overhead sprinklers or an alarming
array. Fire alarms are an integral safety feature in today’s industry, with the government requiring
mandatory fire safety SOPs & fire alarm systems for every existing industry. This is how to make
a simple fire alarm circuit using a thermistor

NTC Thermistor

NTC Thermistor is an electronic component that is used to measure temperature. Basically, an


NTC thermistor is a type of resistor whose resistance decreases with the increase in temperature.
They are made out of a combination of metal oxides which are passed through the sintering process
which gives negative electrical resistance versus temperature (R/T) relationship to it. By having a
large -ve (R/T) slope, a small change in temperature results in a huge change in the electrical
resistance of the thermistor.
LM358 Op-Amp

An LM358 is a simple operational amplifier that is integrated with two amplifiers that are powered
by using a single power supply. The IC offers an outstanding value for cost-sensitive applications,
with features including low offset (300 µV, typical), common-mode input range to ground, and
high differential input voltage capability. They are commonly used in applications such as
integrators, Differentiator, summer, adder, Voltage followers, Oscilloscopes, etc.

Working Explanation

The working of this circuit is pretty simple. On powering up the circuit and bringing a heating
element close to it, the temperature around the thermistor begins to increase. Subsequently, the
resistance of the thermistor decreases Due to which the output voltage of the voltage divider
increases.

The output from the voltage divider then goes to the non-inverting of the LM358 Op-Amp. Since
the voltage divider output is given to the non-inverting input of the IC, its value will become more
than that of the inverting input. The amplifier output is then taken to a 5V buzzer which goes off.
Indicating the presence of an ongoing fire. You can adjust the sensitivity of this fire alarm circuit
by tuning the 10K preset pot. Alternatively, you can combine this configuration with various fire
suppression systems such as automatic water sprinklers or foam extinguishing systems.

Applications

 A Fire alarm system plays an important role in industrial fire protection SOPs in order to
preserve & sustain human life.

 They are used in homes in order to detect and timely alert the residents about the presence
of a fire. So that the evacuation process can be initiated in a timely manner.

 They are also used in places such as criminal detention centers to keep the inmates from
starting a fire that might hurt the prison guard personnel

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