1.Transformer conservator =Protect the transformer from damage when oil expends due to heating .

List of most asked questions of EEE viva :

Here are the most basic electrical interview’s question and answers:

1.What is Ohm’s Law?

Answer: Ohm's Law is a fundamental principle in electrical engineering, stating that the
current flowing through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the
voltage across the two points, provided the temperature remains constant. The formula
is I = V/R, where I is the current, V is the voltage, and R is the resistance.

2.Define Kirchhoff’s laws.

Answer: Kirchhoff’s laws consist of two rules essential in circuit analysis. Kirchhoff's
Current Law (KCL) states that the total current entering a junction equals the total
current leaving it. Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) says that the sum of all electrical
voltages around a loop is zero.

3.Explain the difference between AC and DC currents.

Answer: AC (Alternating Current) and DC (Direct Current) are two types of electrical
current. AC changes direction periodically, while DC flows in one constant direction. AC
is commonly used in power supply systems due to its ease of transformation into
different voltages, whereas DC is often used in battery-powered or electronic devices.

4.What are the types of electrical circuits?

Answer: Electrical circuits can be classified into series, parallel, and series-parallel
circuits. In a series circuit, components are connected end-to-end, so the same current
flows through each component. In a parallel circuit, components are connected across
the same voltage source, so the voltage is the same across each component. Series-
parallel circuits combine elements of both.

5.Describe a capacitor and its uses.

Answer: A capacitor is a passive electrical component with two terminals that store
energy in an electric field. It is used in various applications like filtering, power
conditioning, signal processing, and energy storage. Capacitors are essential in creating
resonant circuits in radios and tuning devices.

6.What is the role of a diode in an electrical circuit?

Answer: A diode is a semiconductor device that allows current to flow in one direction
only. It acts as a one-way valve, permitting the passage of electric current when the
voltage across it is in the forward direction. Diodes are crucial in rectification, signal
demodulation, and electronic protection.

7.Explain the concept of electrical resistance.

Answer: Electrical resistance is the property of a material to impede the flow of electric
current. It is measured in ohms and depends on the material's nature, length, cross-
sectional area, and temperature. High resistance reduces current flow, converting
electrical energy into heat, as in resistors used for various applications.

8.What is the significance of grounding in electrical systems?

Answer: Grounding is vital for electrical safety and system integrity. It provides a path
for fault currents to safely dissipate into the earth, preventing electrical shocks
and protecting equipment. Grounding stabilizes voltage levels, reduces electromagnetic
interference, and ensures a reference point for accurate voltage measurements in
electrical circuits.

Expert Electrical Engineering Interview

Questions and Answers
For expert electrical interview questions and detailed answers, read below.

1.What is a three-phase electrical system?

Answer: A three-phase electrical system is a polyphase system used primarily for power
transmission and generation. It consists of three alternating currents of the same
frequency and voltage amplitude, with a phase difference of one-third of a cycle (120
degrees). This system is more efficient and economical for large power distribution.
2.Explain the concept of the power factor.

Answer: The power factor measures how effectively electrical power is converted into
useful work output. It is defined as the ratio of the real power (used to do work) to the
apparent power (total power within the circuit). A higher power factor signifies efficient
power usage.

3.Discuss the differences between a fuse and a circuit breaker.

Answer: Both fuses and circuit breakers are protective devices that prevent overcurrent
in electrical circuits. A fuse is a one-time-use device that melts and breaks the circuit
when excessive current flows through it. On the other hand, a circuit breaker can be
reset after tripping due to overcurrent.

4.What is an inverter, and how does it work?

Answer: An inverter is an electronic device that converts direct current (DC) to

alternating current (AC). It uses a switching circuit that rapidly switches the DC input on
and off, creating a square wave. This wave is then modified into a sine wave, which is
more suitable for household appliances and other devices.

5.How do transformers work, and what are their types?

Answer: Transformers are electrical devices that transfer electrical energy between two
or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. They work on the principle of
Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction. Transformers are mainly of two types: step-
up (which increases voltage) and step-down (which decreases voltage).

6.What is the significance of a synchronous generator in power systems?

Answer: A synchronous generator, or alternator, is crucial in power generation. It

produces alternating current synchronised with the grid frequency. Its synchronous
operation ensures stable and coordinated power delivery, making it a key component in
large-scale power plants and grid-connected systems.

7.Elaborate on the concept of the electrical skin effect.

Answer: Electrical skin effect refers to the tendency of alternating current to

concentrate near the surface of a conductor, particularly at higher frequencies. This
phenomenon results in increased effective resistance, impacting the current distribution
within the conductor. Engineers must consider the skin effect in designing high-
frequency electrical systems.

8.What is the role of a semiconductor in power electronics?

Answer: Semiconductors play a pivotal role in power electronics by controlling the flow
of electrical power. Devices like power diodes, transistors, and thyristors enable efficient
conversion, control, and regulation of electrical energy in applications such as inverters,
converters, and motor drives. They contribute to advancements in energy efficiency and
electronic control systems.

Situation-Based Interview Questions for

Electrical Engineers
Here are a few general situation-based interview questions for electrical engineers.

1.If you discover a sudden voltage drop in a circuit during a critical operation,
what steps would you take to identify and rectify the issue?

Answer: I would start by inspecting the circuit for any loose connections or damaged
components in such a situation. Using a multimeter, I would measure the voltage at
different points to pinpoint the location of the drop.

If necessary, I'd isolate sections of the circuit to identify the specific component causing
the issue. Once identified, I would replace or repair the faulty component and ensure
proper insulation and connection.

2.During a project, you may encounter unexpected electromagnetic

interference that affects sensitive equipment. How would you approach this
issue to maintain the electrical system's integrity?

Answer: I would first identify the source of electromagnetic interference by conducting a

thorough analysis using specialised equipment such as spectrum analysers. Once the
source is identified, I'd implement shielding techniques, use twisted-pair cables, or
introduce filters to mitigate the interference.

Additionally, relocating sensitive equipment away from the interference source or

modifying the grounding scheme could be considered to ensure a stable and
interference-free electrical environment.

3.When a critical component fails unexpectedly, impacting the overall system

performance, how would you troubleshoot the issue and implement a quick
solution to minimise downtime?

Answer: I would begin by isolating the failed component and conducting a detailed
analysis to understand the root cause of the failure. I'd like to implement a temporary
workaround to restore basic functionality while working on a permanent solution.
Simultaneously, I would collaborate with team members to expedite the procurement of
replacement components and ensure a comprehensive post-failure review to prevent
similar occurrences.

4.You are assigned to optimise the power consumption of an electrical

system. What steps would you take to identify areas for improvement and
implement energy-efficient solutions?

Answer: I would conduct a comprehensive energy audit to identify power-hungry

components and assess overall energy usage patterns. Analysing the system's power
factor and efficiency would be crucial.

Based on the findings, I'd propose upgrading to energy-efficient components,

implementing power factor correction techniques, and optimising control strategies.
Regular monitoring and adjustment would be necessary to ensure sustained energy
efficiency.

5.You are tasked with integrating a new electrical subsystem into an existing
complex system. How would you ensure a seamless integration process and
minimise potential disruptions to the overall system?

Answer: Initially, I would thoroughly review the existing system architecture to identify
potential integration points and dependencies. Collaborating with the existing
development team, I'd ensure compatibility between the new and existing subsystems.

Rigorous testing, including simulation and validation in a controlled environment, would

be essential to identify and address integration challenges before deployment. Regular
communication with stakeholders and a phased implementation approach would help
minimize disruptions during the integration process.