SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY LESSON 7: Observation - make an observation.

SCIENCE IN DAILY LIFE

Question - ask a question or identify a problem.
How Science Affect the Living of Every People?
Agriculture Research - search for existing answer or
- the main role of science in agriculture has been solution.
to help us generate novelties that allow us to
produce more with less land and less effort. Hypothesis - formulated hypothesis.

Transportation Experiment - design and perform an

- we use a bus, trams, motor cars, trains, airplane, experiment.
boat to travel from one place to another.
Analyze Results and Draw a Conclusion -
Communication accept or reject hypothesis make conclusions
- we cannot think of living without our mobile based on hypothesis.
phones, apart from talking to a distant friend. We
can browse internet on our smartphone. When we Report - share your results.
go out on holiday, we can take photographs
through a camera which is built in into our
smartphones.

Electricity
- a liquid power or liquid electricity is a necessity for
every one of us. Most of our everyday are works
independent upon electricity. The thermal, hydro,
gas power plants are important mediums that
allows an interdependent supply of electricity to
common people.

Water Supply
- scientists discover how the water will distribute
in different areas. They also study how to filtrate
water in an easy process.

Medicine
- invention of medicine and laboratory health
equipment, scientists have invented so many
wonder drugs. The effects of these drugs are so
miraculous. By means of these drugs, fatal diseases
could be controlled. Many deadly diseases can be
cured by the application of medicine in proper time.

How these invention and discoveries created?

- Researchers Apply Scientific Method

What is Scientific Method?

- the logical process adopted by scientists to
develop knowledge of nature and present it as an
acceptable fact. This method is based on gathering
empirical data through observation and
experimentation and the formulation and testing
of hypotheses.

The Scientific Method Consists of The Following

Elements:

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SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY LESSON 8: ensures that mothers can fully recover and remain
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND THE HUMAN empowered. (2) Average Lifespan. Aside from the
CONDITION reason that people engage less in combat and are
less likely to die in treatable diseases now as
Science and technology has been part of
opposed to then, science is able to prolong lives by
human activity since the beginning of our species. It
enhancing living status and discovering different
has aided us in survival and helped us outsmart our
remedies to most diseases. Distribution of
adversaries, provided us comfortable living,
medicines is also made easier and faster. (3)
allowed us to explore the world, and assisted us in
Literacy Rate. Access to education provided to
discovering more about ourselves and the truth.
more individuals generally creates a more informed
However, it also leads us to a paradox in which we
public that could determine a more just society. (4)
are only able to see the world in the lenses of
Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Although not an
technological innovations. In our pursuit of growth,
indicator of an average person's lifestyle in a certain
we had conveniently forgotten that technology only
country, it is often used to determine the value of
presents one approach in viewing the world. This
the country's goods and services produced within
forgetfulness leads us to evaluate objects as
the territory given a certain time period. Higher
consumable or not - transcending to other human
country income is brought upon by high
beings, determining their capacity to be productive.
productivity, often an indicator of presence of
technology.
The Human Condition Before Common Era
Our early ancestors' primal need to survive
The Essence of Technology
paved way for the invention of several
Humanity has indeed come a long way from our
developments. Gifted with brains more advanced
primitive ways, and as a general rule, it is said that
than other creatures, humans are able to utilize
we are more "developed" than we were before.
abundant materials for their own ease and comfort.
Above data are few indicators of the route that we
As it is difficult to pinpoint the particular period
have come to take as species, and there are no signs
where technology is said to have started, one can
of stopping. Modern humans are reliant on
say that at the very least, the motivation to make
technology in their search for the GOOD LIFE. Man
things easier has been around since humans are.
is constantly in pursuit of the good life. Every person
Homo erectus have been using fire to cook, through
has his perspective when it comes to what
chipping one flint over the other to produce a spark,
comprises the good life. Science and technology has
all the while without realizing the laws of friction
been, for the most part, at the forefront of man's
and heat. Tools from stones and flints marked the
attempts at finding this happiness. The only
era of Stone Age, during the advent of our very own
question at the end of the day is whether science
Homo sapiens, and humans began to sharpen
and technology are taking the right path toward
stones as one would a knife; an example of this is
attaining what it really means to live a good life.
the simple machine called wedge.

PROS CONS
The Human Condition in the Common Era
Does mining Very few Majority of the
Position-wise, the humans of today are much
benefit human living organisms
better off compared to humans several centuries
rather than hurt beings can will be
ago. Advancements in medicine, technology, health
the benefit, destroyed
and education ushered in humanity's best yet, and
majority? especially including
show no sign of stopping. The following are some of
those who plants, animals
the notable COMPARISONS then and now: (1)
are greedy. living in the
Mortality Rate. Due to technology, lesser women
bodies of water
and children die during birth, assuring robust
and human
population and strong workforce. Medical care for
beings that
premature infants allows them to survive and
have consumed
develop normally, while proper maternal care

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 foods
contaminated
with mercury.

Does it offer Only those A lot of

more miners can disadvantages.
benefits rather benefit.
than
disadvantages?
Does mining Less
result in people More people
more people getting including other
getting happy. living organisms
happy rather would suffer.
than sad?

Similarities and Differences of Snail mail Vs. E-

mail
Snail mail comes when the postal worker
reaches your address, with breaks for major
holidays and likely only one delivery per day. Email
is delivered any time of day, any day of the year and
pretty much as soon as it's sent.

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SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY LESSON 9: never drinks just as harshly as the one who drinks
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND NICHOMACHEAN too much.
ETHICS
3. Generosity
Everyone wants to do the right thing. But how - the virtue of charity, this is the golden mean
do they know what is right? Philosophical giant between miserliness and giving more than you can
Aristotle takes on the big question: HOW TO FIND afford.
THE HIGHEST GOOD IN LIFE? His Nichomachean
Ethics influenced centuries of political philosophy 4. Magnificence
and gives enduring advice for seekers of happiness. - the virtue of living extravagantly. It rests between
Nicomachean Ethics is a philosophical inquiry into stinginess and vulgarity. Aristotle sees no reason to
the nature of the Good life for a human being. Every be ascetic but also warns against being flashy.
human activity aims at some end that we consider
Good. Everyone agrees that the supreme Good is 5. Magnanimity
HAPPINESS, but people disagree over what - the virtue relating to pride, it is the midpoint
constitutes happiness. Common people equate between not giving yourself enough credit and
happiness with sensual pleasure: this may be having delusions of grandeur. It is a given that you
sufficient for animals, but human life has higher also have to act on this sense of self-worth and
ends. Others say that receiving honors is the strive for greatness.
greatest good, but honors are conferred as
recognition of goodness, so there must be a greater 6. Right ambition
good that these honors reward. - a disposition to aim at the intermediate between
empty vanity and undue humility.
The Nicomachean Ethics is a book written by
Aristotle named for Nicomachus, which in keeping 7. Patience
with the Greek practice of boys being named after - this is the virtue that controls your temper. The
their grandfathers, was the name of both Aristotle's patient person must neither get too angry nor fail
father and his son. to get angry when they should.

What are virtues? 8. Truthfulness

Aristotle sees virtues as character traits and - the virtue of honesty. Aristotle places it between
tendencies to act in a particular way. We gain them the vices of habitual lying and being tactless or
through practice and by copying 'moral exemplars' boastful.
until we manage to internalize the virtue. We
become temperate by practicing temperance, 9. Wittiness
courageous by practicing courage, and so on. - at the midpoint between buffoonery and
Eventually, the virtue becomes a habit. In boorishness, this is the virtue of a good sense of
Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle discusses the humor.
following eleven (11) virtues:
10. Friendliness
1. Courage - while being friendly might not seem like a moral
- the midpoint between cowardice and virtue, Aristotle claims friendship is a vital part of a
recklessness. The courageous person is aware of life well lived. This virtue lies between not being
the danger but goes in any way. friendly at all and being too friendly towards too
many people.
2. Temperance
- the virtue between overindulgence and 11. Justice
insensitivity. Aristotle would view the person who - the virtue of dealing fairly with others. It lies
between selfishness and selflessness. This virtue

STS 4
can also be applied in different situations and has a If man is virtuous, then his scientific discoveries
whole chapter dedicated to the various forms it and inventions will also aim in the attainment of
can take. GOOD life and HAPINESS.

Man's highest action and most complete Hence, in order for one to be a moral person,
happiness is a life of contemplation of the highest one needs to develop or cultivate his virtues. By
goods. Man's intellectual capacity is his highest doing so, one manages to flourish as a human being
capacity, and therefore his highest happiness and when one flourishes (as a human being) one
resides in the use of that capacity. The life of becomes a morally good person.
contemplation is so sublime that it is practically
divine, and man can achieve it only insofar as there *Virtue ethics is based on Aristotle’s Nichomachean
is something divine in him. Contemplation is the ethics.
action which best fulfills all the qualifications that *In order for one to be a moral person, one needs
the ultimate good should have, because it is the to develop virtues.
most continuous, complete and self-sufficient of all
*Virtue; ethics is based on the character of human
actions.
beings.

For most people, mere exhortation will not be *If man is virtuous, then his scientific discoveries
enough to make them act virtuously. Consequently, and inventions will also aim in the attainment of
good laws are necessary in order to make people GOOD life and HAPPINESS.
virtuous. Laws and proper education are necessarily
especially for the young, in order to train their 1. According to Aristotle, happiness is activity of the
passions and desires to be in accord with reason. soul in accordance with virtue.
Yet since such a great number of men are not 2. In Aristotle’s view, the virtues are acquired
virtuous, laws are necessary just for the young, but through habit.
for everyone.
3. Aristotle states that if we ask what the highest
good of human action is nearly everyone agrees
Concept Graphic Organizer
that it is happiness.
4. Aristotle divides the virtues into moral virtues
and intellectual virtues.
5. According to Aristotle, we should begin ethical
inquiry by specifying the aim of human life.
Nichomachean Ethics
Aristotle begins Nicomachean Ethics by
What is the difference between Intellectual
asserting that there is some ultimate good which is
Virtues and Moral Virtues?
both final and self-sufficient, and he defines this
- Intellectual Virtues know what is just and
good as happiness.
admirable; learn through instruction while Moral
Virtues do just and admirable deeds; learn through
In Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle discusses
habit and practice.
eleven virtues: courage, temperance, generosity,
magnificence, magnanimity, right ambition, good
What is the definition of Moral Virtue according
temper, friendliness, truthfulness, wit, and justice.
to Aristotle?
Virtue ethics is based on the character of human
- Aristotle defines moral virtue as a disposition to
beings.
behave in the right manner and as a mean/average
between extremes of deficiency and excess, which
Bridging the Gap Between Aristotle's Science and
are vices… Virtue is a matter of having the
Ethics
appropriate attitude toward pain and pleasure.

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SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY LESSON 11: themselves what is right or wrong, are freely
WHEN TECHONOLOGY AND HUMANITY CROSS exposed to different things on television,
mobile phones, laptops, or computers.
The ever-growing society has made people see Because of the availability and easy access to
technology as some form of necessity. the internet, they can just easily search the
TECHNOLOGY THESE DAYS ENJOYS SUCH FAME web and go to different websites without
AND GLORY BECAUSE OF THE MANY DIFFERENT restrictions.
BENEFITS IT BRINGS TO HUMANITY. Some would
even say that it does not only bring convenience but Possible Trends which Technology and Humanity
also pleasure and happiness to people. This is Cross
because of the different leisure activities that • Augmenting humans with technology
technology can offer to people. In general, • Machines replacing humans
technology keeps on progressing due to not only • Humans and Machines working alongside
the changing times and environment but also to the each other
EVER-PROGRESSING MIND OF MANKIND.
Supplementary Articles:
A number of technological devices can be easily Look, we all know the way we interact with
found inside the home, the most accessible place to technology is changing. Take smartphones for
anyone. A typical household owns at least four of instance. Buttons gave way to touchscreens, which
the following devices: a mobile phone (89%), were then supplemented by voice guidance. Truly,
smartphone (53%), tablet (14%), desktop (39%), relationship between humans and machines is
laptop or netbooks (37%), and smart TV (4%). These evolving.
data prove the deep-seated fascination of Filipinos In fact, scientists believe thar the relationship is
to different technological devices. being redefined through emerging technologies,
narrowing the division between humanity and
Some facts about Filipinos and their use of technology.
gadgets and the internet:
• Mobile phone subscription is at 119 million. The way I see it is that technology is starting to
• Filipinos spend approximately 3.2 hours on get more advanced than humans. One day
mobile and 5.2 hours on desktop daily. technology may replace humans, which is obviously
• Currently, the Philippines has one of the very possible. These days humans usually have
highest digital populations in the world. smart phones, and smart phones do exactly what
• There are now 47 million active Facebook their name says. A smart phone can be "smarter"
accounts in the Philippines. than the average human, considering a smart
• The Philippines is the fastest-growing phone can access the web at any point of time.
application market in Southeast Asia. Technology has helped humans with lots of things
besides phones also. GPS, advanced cars,
Ethical/Moral Dilemmas Faced by These computers, and etc. In my own personal opinion I
Technological Advancements: think technology is great where it's at. Any more
• Children become lazy and unhealthy. advanced than where we are may be bad.
• Alienation, because people no longer take
time to get out of their houses and mingle In modern times, there are different
with other people. technological (1) __advancement__ in all forms and
• People have the tendency to be unaware of sizes may it be inside the home, the workplace, the
the time because they are so engrossed with learning place, or simply on the (2) __streets__. It is
the use of technological device. In fact, if they now very accessible to almost anyone in the world.
get disturbed, there is a great chance that It is not completely impossible to say that each
they will get mad or annoyed. Children who person in the world owns at least one technological
are not capable yet of rationally deciding for device. Besides, (3) __technology__ in not enclosed

STS 6
to expensive and high-end devices. Simple types of
machines that can perform simple task regularly
can already be considered a form of technology.
However, despite its (4) __usefulness__ and
beneficial characteristics, there are still some
problems faced by the different technological
advancements. To be more specific, these problems
are (5) __ethical__ in nature that involve not only
the machine but also mankind. It is now impossible
for technology and humanity not to (6) __cross__
paths because as some would argue, technology
has become a (7) __necessity__ for people. At the
end of the day, (8) __ethics__ should still be
enforced in the field of technology so as to ensure
the safety and (9) __morality__ of these devices to
people.

How to lessen the bad impacts of technology on

humanity and society?
- Apply the 11 virtues of Nichomachean Ethics.

What is the most important technology of the

future?
- The most important technology for the future.
Rapid technological progress in the field is making
artificial intelligence (AI) one of the key
technologies for the 21st century- thanks to Big
Data and exponentially increasing computer
capacities.

How does technology affect humanity?

- The technology is becoming addictive for our daily
life. Lack of social Skills - The social networking has
caused us to meet fewer people face to face which
results in absence of social skills... Depression -
Technology also caused depression as due to it we
spend very little time with humans and physical
work out.

STS 7
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY LESSON 12:
HISTORY OF INFORMATION AGE

The Information Age is defined as a "period

starting in the last quarter of the 20th century when
information became effortlessly accessible through
publications and through the management of
information by computers and computer
networks". The means of conveying symbolic
information (e.g. writing, math, other codes) among What are the features of information age?
humans has evolved with increasing speed. The - The features of the Information Age include
Information Age is also called the Digital Age and everything concerning the electronic storage and
the New Media Age because it was associated with transmission of information.
the development of computers.
How do the Information Age help us?
Nowadays, information could be shared or - It has made people lazier, but it also makes a large
transferred quickly. People are becoming more amount of the population smarter. The Information
interested in sharing information about Age has made industrial countries stronger. With
themselves. Various aspects of our society are also online companies being some of the most
being influenced by the Information Age especially successful and economically stimulating businesses
communication, economics, industry, health and out there, economies receive more from them and
the environment. The rapid upgrade of information keep our world turning.
poses both positive and negative impacts to our
society. Why is the information age important?
- The Information Age is the idea that access to and
According to James R. Messenger who the control of information is the defining
proposed the Theory of Information Age in 1982, characteristic of
"the Information Age is a true new age based upon this current era in human civilization. More
the interconnection of computers via technological changes, such as the development of
telecommunications, with these information fiber optic cables and faster microprocessors,
systems operating on both a real-time and as- accelerated the transmission and processing of
needed basis. Furthermore, the primary factors information.
driving this new age forward are convenience and
user-friendliness which, in turn, will create user
dependence."

BEFORE NOW
During Galileo's and Today, the human mind
Newton's time, people is pictured as a
were viewed as complicated computer.
complicated mechanical
machines.
Thomas Alva Edison, Steven Jobs and William
Alexander Graham Bell, Gates.
and Henry Ford
Screw and bolt in the Microchip (inventors
Industrial era were awarded a Nobel
Prize in Physics in 2000).
Majority of labor force was Majority are engaged in
into manufacturing of supply of services
goods

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SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY LESSON 13: expenditure required to invest in automation (an
ISSUES IN STS: INFORMATION AGE – automated system can cost millions of dollars to
AUTOMATION design, fabricate, and install), a higher level of
maintenance needed than with a manually
Highly modernized, automated, data-driven operated machine, and a generally lower degree of
and technologically advanced - these best describe flexibility in terms of the, possible products as
our society nowadays, as evidenced by how compared with a manual system (even flexible
information can be transferred or shared QUICKLY. automation is less flexible than humans, the most
The different areas of society have been influenced versatile machines of all).
tremendously such as communications, economics,
industry, health and the environment. Despite our Concept Map Organizer
gains due to the growing development of Automation - the technique, method or system of
information technology, the rapid upgrade of operating or controlling a process by highly
information also has disadvantages. As man automatic means, as by electronic devices.
evolved, information and its dissemination has also
evolved in many ways. Eventually, we no longer
kept them to ourselves; instead, we share them and
manage them in different means. Information got
ahead of us. It started to grow at a rate we were
unprepared to handle.

ADVANTAGES commonly attributed to

automation include higher production rates and
increased productivity, more efficient use of
materials, better product quality, improved safety, Supplementary reading:
shorter workweeks for labor, and reduced factory The apparent changes brought by automation
lead times. Higher output and increased won't hit everyone equally. Only 5 percent of
productivity have been two of the biggest reasons current occupations stand to be completely
in justifying the use of automation. Despite the automated if today's cutting-edge technology is
claims of high quality from good workmanship by widely adopted, while in 60 percent of jobs, one-
humans, automated systems typically perform the third of activities will be automated. In fact,
manufacturing process with less variability than researchers summarize the impact of automation
human workers, resulting in greater control and as: “technology destroys jobs, but not work." As an
consistency of product quality. Also, increased example, researchers examine the effects of the
process control makes more efficient use of personal computer since 1980, and found out that
materials, resulting in less scrap. the invention led to the creation of 18.5 million new
jobs, even when accounting for jobs lost. (The same
A main DISADVANTAGE often associated with might not be true of industrial robots, which earlier
automation, worker displacement, has been reports suggest destroy jobs overall.)
discussed above. Despite the social benefits that
might result from retraining displaced workers for While it is true that economic forecasting is not
other jobs, in almost all cases the worker whose job an exact science, the study is one of the most
has been taken over by a machine undergoes a comprehensive in recent years, modeling changes
period of emotional stress. In addition to in more than 800 occupations, and taking in some
displacement from work, the worker may be 46 countries, accounting for 90 percent of the world
displaced geographically. In order to find other GDP. Furthermore, the report stressed that the
work, an individual may have to relocate, which is effects of automation on work will differ from
another source of stress. Other disadvantages of country to country and that countries with
automated equipment include the high capital

STS 9
developed economies are likely to be hit hardest by whose jobs are altered by automation will see their
the coming changes. roles in society evolve rather than disappear.

All Yes (True)

1. Laboratory automation is smaller, faster and
cheaper.
2. Automation is liberation from routine tasks.
3. Automation lowers the cost of research and
development.
4. Automation allows a much higher
reproducibility and better documentation of data.
5. The availability of automation has helped to
stimulate improvements in data density throughout
the world of life science.
6. Automation replaces lab technicians' eyes and
hands with automated workstations.
7. Huge volumes of data are generated in
automation.
8. Laboratory automation systems have provided
significant benefit for researchers who deal with
large numbers of samples.
9. Automation decreases social engagement and
collaboration.
10. Automation would add millions to the ranks of
the unemployed.

How Automation changed the world?

- Robots Replacing 20 million Manufacturing Jobs.
This robotic revolution is propelled by technological
advances in automation, engineering, energy
storage, Al and machine learning... As a result of
robotization, tens of millions of jobs will be lost,
especially in poorer local economies that rely on
lower-skilled workers.

How does Automation affect the environment?

- The rising number of automated equipment has a
significant impact on climate change. While it may
lead to loss of jobs done by manual workers, the
overall effect on the environment is good. ...
Automated machines can help to reduce carbon
emissions by half and thus allowing air to clear up.

Is Automation good for society?

- Automation effectively opens the door for more
new endeavors that will elevate our species to
greater heights. Just as past generations turned
away the mines for better careers, modern workers

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