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Contents
TERMINOLOGY..................................................................................................4
HISTORY..............................................................................................................4
INTERNET HISTORY TIMELINE.................................................................4
CNS (computer network system)......................................................................4
How does the internet work?.................................................................................5
What thing we need to access the Internet?..........................................................5
Intranet, Extranet - what a strange definition!.......................................................5
Definition...........................................................................................................5
Some advantages of intranet..........................................................................6
Advantages of extranet..................................................................................6
Conclusion.........................................................................................................6
12 Types of Internet Protocols and Their Functions.............................................7
Internet Protocols Definition.............................................................................7
1. Point to point protocol (PPP).........................................................................7
2. Serial line internet protocol (SLIP)...............................................................7
3. File transfer protocol (FTP)...........................................................................7
4. Telnet.............................................................................................................7
5. Simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP)..........................................................7
6. Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) (Internet Protocol)...............................7
7. Simple network management protocol (SNMP)...........................................8
8. User datagram protocol (UDP)......................................................................8
9. Transmission control protocol (TCP)............................................................8
10. Internet protocol (IP)...................................................................................8
11. Address resolution protocol (ARP).............................................................8
12. Network news transport protocol(NNTP)...................................................8
TYPE OF INTERNET CONNECTION...............................................................8
MOBILE............................................................................................................8
WIFI HOTSPOTS.............................................................................................9
DIAL-UP...........................................................................................................9
BROADBAND..................................................................................................9
CABLE..............................................................................................................9
FIBER INTERNET...........................................................................................9

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SEARCH TOOL....................................................................................................9
Web search engines...........................................................................................9
Meta search engines........................................................................................10
Web directories................................................................................................10
Specialty search services.................................................................................10
Web Searching Skills In The Internet.................................................................11
Use quotation marks to find exact phrases or names..................................11
Use Boolean Operators (AND, OR, and NOT) to broaden or narrow your
search...........................................................................................................11
Apply filters. After you search, most search engines have filters available
that will refine you search to a specific type of contact..............................12
Search a specific site. If you’re looking for a specific topic on a particular
website, you can use site: to limit your search results to that site...............12
Search for a specific filetype. If you know that you’re searching for a
particular type of file...................................................................................13
ADVANTAGES OF INTERNET.......................................................................14
RESEARCH....................................................................................................14
COMMUNICATION......................................................................................14
ENTERTAINMENT.......................................................................................14
THE INTERNET IS DRIVING ECONOMIC GROWTH.............................15
RELATIONSHIPS..........................................................................................16
HEALTHCARE..............................................................................................16
IMPORTANCE OF INTERNET IN EDUCATION.......................................16
Benefits of the internet for Students............................................................17
BAD THINGS ON THE INTERNET.................................................................18
VIRUSES, MALWARE..................................................................................18
CYBERBULLYING, TROLLS, STALKERS................................................18
BUYING THINGS THAT YOU DON'T NEED............................................19
HEALTH ISSUES AND OBESITY...............................................................19
BAD EFFECTS ON OUR MENTAL HEALTH............................................19
FINALLY........................................................................................................19
GLOSSARY.......................................................................................................20

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TERMINOLOGY
The word internetted was used as early as 1849, meaning interconnected or
interwoven. The word Internet was used in 1974 as the shorthand form of
Internetwork. Today, the term Internet most commonly refers to the global system of
interconnected computer networks, though it may also refer to any group of smaller
networks.
The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks
that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and
devices. It is a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic,
business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of
electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast
range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext
documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail,
telephony, and file sharing.

HISTORY
INTERNET HISTORY TIMELINE
The Internet started in the 1960s as a way for government researchers to share
information. Computers in the '60s were large and immobile and in order to make use
of information stored in any one computer, one had to either travel to the site of the
computer or have magnetic computer tapes sent through the conventional postal
system.
January 1, 1983 is considered the official birthday of the Internet. Prior to this, the
various computer networks did not have a standard way to communicate with each
other. A new communications protocol was established called Transfer Control
Protocol/Internetwork Protocol (TCP/IP). This allowed different kinds of computers
on different networks to "talk" to each other. ARPANET and the Defense Data
Network officially changed to the TCP/IP standard on January 1, 1983, hence the birth
of the Internet. All networks could now be connected by a universal language.

CNS (computer network system)

A computer network is a set of computers sharing resources located on or provided by
network nodes. The computers use common communication protocols over digital
interconnections to communicate with each other. These interconnections are made up
of telecommunication network technologies, based on physically wired, optical, and
wireless radio-frequency methods that may be arranged in a variety of network
topologies.
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During the 1950s, 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, the United States Department of Defense
developed highly reliable widespread WANs for scientific and purposes. This is an art
of transferring connection points. It allows multiple computers to connect to each other
using different paths. The network itself defines how data is transferred from one
computer to another. Instead of being able to communicate with only one computer at
a time, it can communicate with multiple computers at the same time using a single
connection. Then the US Department of Defense WAN became the Internet.

How does the internet work?

We all know what is the internet and the history of the internet. I wonder what the
internet does. I think the exact answer is pretty complicated and it will take a while to
explain clearly.
The Internet is a global network of physical cables, which can include copper
telephone wires, and TV cables. Wireless connections like Wi-Fi and 3G/4G/5G rely
on these physical cables to access the Internet.

What thing we need to access the Internet?

There are three ingredients needed to access the Internet: an ISP, a modem and a Web
browser.

Intranet, Extranet - what a strange definition!

Definition
Firstly, an intranet is private network or local network which means only people
within the organization can access. It's the most restricted network. An intranet is cut
off from the outside world. It permits its user to access internal files but it prevents

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outside access to internal files by hiding behind a security system known as a firewall.
Using intranet, organizational poicies are secured from hackers and other organization.
Some advantages of intranet
 Better internal communication.
 Improve customer services.
 Reduction in paperwork.
 E-mail.
 Document management.
 Sharing of resources and best practices, etc.
The second part of networks is the extranet, which is an extension of an intranet. It
lets approved third parties (such as vendors or customers) access restricted
information. Extranets allow for some connections outside of the organization, but
they're not available to the public. An extranet is securely exposed over the internet to
a specific group that needs to access it. Extranets are powerful tools because they let
business partner share resources on their private network. It is generally used in e-
commerce.
Advantages of extranet
 Reduction in cost.
 Improve business relationship.
 Improve customer service.
 Flexible.
 Shared news of product development.
 More integrated supply chain.
Finally, the internet is a global collection of computer networks known as the World
Wide Web (www). So, everyone can use and access the internet easily. The internet is
the most expansive of the three networks. It creates connections between computers
around the world.

Conclusion
The internet is a public network; however, some information can't be public. So,
businesses can use an intranet as a digital workspace where employees can access
resources, follow company updates, and connect. When you create a network that third
parties can access, that's called an extranet.

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12 Types of Internet Protocols and Their Functions
Internet Protocols Definition
Internet protocols are the set of rules of networking. The standard rules and
regulations of the networking system are called protocols. These are the
methods and name which are used to make the network standard to work.
1. Point to point protocol (PPP)
Point to point protocol provides connections for the host to the network or between
two routers. It has also a security mechanism.
Point to point protocol is well known as a protocol for connecting telephone lines
using modems on both ends. It is widely used to connect computers to the internet.

2. Serial line internet protocol (SLIP)

A PPP used for over the serial connection. There is an advanced connection over the
network called a compressed serial line internet protocol(CSLIP). Which reduce
overhead on a SLIP connection by sending just header information.
Connection over the network called a compressed serial line internet protocol(CSLIP).
Which reduce overhead on a SLIP connection by sending just header information.

3. File transfer protocol (FTP)

File transfer protocol enables transferring of text and binary files over transmission
control protocol (TCP) connection. FTP allows transferring files according to a strict
mechanism of ownership and access restrictions.

4. Telnet
From the types of internet protocols in the networking system telnet is also an internet
protocol. It is a terminal emulation protocol for use over transmission control protocol
(TCP) connection. It enables the user to login to remote hosts and uses their resources
from the localhost.

5. Simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP)

This protocol is dedicated to sending e-mail messages originated on a local host over a
TCP connection to a remote server. SMTP defines the set of rules which shows two
programs to send and receive mail over the network.

6. Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) (Internet Protocol)

A protocol used to transfer hypertext pages across World Wide Web (WWW).

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 7. Simple network management protocol (SNMP)
A simple protocol that defines messages related to network management. Through the
use of a simple network management protocol (SNMP) any host on the LAN can
configure network devices such as routers.

8. User datagram protocol (UDP)

A simple protocol that transfers datagram (packets of data) to a remote computer. User
datagram protocol does not guarantee that packets will be received in the same order
they were sent.

9. Transmission control protocol (TCP)

Like UDP, a protocol that enables a computer to send data to a remote computer.
Unlike UDP, TCP is reliable i.e. packets are guaranteed to wind up at their target in
the correct order.

10. Internet protocol (IP)

IP is an underline protocol for all the other protocols in the TCP/IP protocol suite. IP
defines the means to identify and reach a target computer on the network. The
computer in the IP world is identified by unique numbers which are known as IP
address.

11. Address resolution protocol (ARP)

In order to map an IP address into a hardware address, the computer uses the ARP
protocol which broadcasts a request message that contains an IP address to which the
target computer replies with both the original IP address and the hardware address.

12. Network news transport protocol(NNTP)

Network news transport protocol is used to carry USENET posting between a news
client and USENET servers.

TYPE OF INTERNET CONNECTION

In today's age, there are numerous ways to connect laptops, desktops, mobile phones,
gaming consoles, e-readers and tablets to the Internet. Some of the most widely used
Internet connections are described below.

MOBILE
Many cells phone and smartphone providers offer voice plans with Internet access.
Mobile Internet connections provide good speeds and allow you to access the Internet.

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 WIFI HOTSPOTS
Wi-Fi Hotspots are sites that offer Internet access over a wireless local area network
(WLAN) by way of a router that then connects to an Internet service provider.
Hotspots utilize Wi-Fi technology, which allows electronic devices to connect to the
Internet or exchange data wirelessly through radio waves. Hotspots can be phone-
based or free-standing, commercial or free to the public.

DIAL-UP
Dial-up connections require users to link their phone line to a computer in order to
access the Internet. This connection also referred to as analog does not permit users to
make or receive phone calls through their home phone service while using the Internet.
Now more outdated, a dial-up connection used to be among the most common Internet
connection type.

BROADBAND
This high-speed Internet connection is provided through either cable or telephone
companies. One of the fastest options available, broadband Internet uses multiple data
channels to send large quantities of information.

CABLE
Cable Internet connection is a form of broadband access. Through use of a cable
modem, users can access the Internet over cable TV lines. Cable modems can provide
extremely fast access to the Internet, making a cable connection a viable option for
many.

FIBER INTERNET
The newest in broadband internet technology, fiber-optic cables contain filaments of
glass or plastic, which use light pulses to transmit large amounts of information over
long distances at the highest speeds. Fiber Internet is less affected by the environment

SEARCH TOOL
The most popular search tools for finding information on the Internet include: Web
search engines, meta search engines, Web directories, and specialty search services.

Web search engines

A Web search engine uses software known as a Web crawler to follow the hyperlinks
connecting the pages on the World Wide Web. The information on these Web pages is
indexed and stored by the search engine. To access this information, a user enters
keywords in a search form.

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 Meta search engines
A Meta search engine enables users to enter a search query once and it runs against
multiple search engines simultaneously, creating a list of aggregated search results.
Most meta search engines automatically eliminate duplicate search results. However,
Google are not included because of legal restrictions.

Web directories
A Web directory organizes subjects in a hierarchical fashion that lets users drill down
to find related links and specific topic content. Web directories can be assembled
automatically by algorithms or handcrafted.

Specialty search services

Specialty search tools enable users to find information or deep Web content quickly
and easily that conventional search engines cannot access because the content is stored
in databases.

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Web Searching Skills In The Internet
Have you ever searched for something on the Internet and weren’t able to find what
you were looking for or found something you weren’t expecting to find? Internet
Search Engines, like Google and Bing, are continually improving their search abilities.
However, by following a few basic search skill, you’ll be able to find what you are
looking for quickly and easily.
1. Think about the topic or question you would like to search and how about you
would describe the topic.
2. Keep it simple and choose 3 or 4 keywords. Describe what you want in as few
terms as possible.
3. Be specific. The more precise your search terms are, the more precise your
search results will be. Avoid general or common words.
4. Capitalization, punctuation and spelling don’t really important because search
engines will ignore that in a search or will generally auto-correct your spelling
mistakes.
5. Narrow your search results. There are several ways to help you narrow your
search results to find exactly what you’re looking for.:
Use quotation marks to find exact phrases or names.
For example: "mobile phone" . The quotation marks in “mobile phone” will look for
the two words together.
Use Boolean Operators (AND, OR, and NOT) to broaden or narrow your search.
AND (+ in Google) narrows the search because it requires both terms to be in
each item returned. Using AND(+) forces Google to return common words that
might ordinarily be discarded.
For example: Tom + Jerry.

OR broadens the search because either term (or both) will be in the returned
items. (OR gives you more!)

NOT (- in Google) narrows your search because it will eliminate any results with
the second term.
For example: Smart phone -iPhone, will show results for the smart phone, but not
iPhone.
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Apply filters. After you search, most search engines have filters available that will
refine you search to a specific type of contact.
For example, after searching you can click on Images to view images related to your
search. In an image search, you can filter images by the type of image or by license
attribution.

In Google, many of the filters are available by clicking on Tools.

In Bing, click on Filters to find more of the Filters.

Search a specific site. If you’re looking for a specific topic on a particular website,
you can use site: to limit your search results to that site.
For example: eleaning site:vlute.edu.vn

 inversion will find search results related to inversion only on vlute.edu.vn.

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Search for a specific filetype. If you know that you’re searching for a particular
type of file.
For example: C++ tutorial filetype:ppt

 will find PowerPoint presentations about C++ tutorial

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ADVANTAGES OF INTERNET
RESEARCH
Where do you go when you are collecting information about a product or looking for
an answer? Google, of course. The Internet has become the primary source of
information, and search engines the main door to access it. Thanks to the smartphone,
you have the complete knowledge in your pocket. Education, essays, product
comparison, self-improvement tips, technical details, diets, do it yourself, lolcats, the
Internet has it all. If you are a brand, you need to be there with meaningful contents.

COMMUNICATION
Do you still remember phone calls and letters? We have witnessed a complex
evolution in the way we connect with other people and with companies. First came the
chat rooms and forums, then - especially after the spread of smartphones - social
networks and online communities. Face to face communication is still important but
we increasingly rely on wide circles of strangers to decide what to do and what to buy.
In the mobile era, communication is about building networks.

ENTERTAINMENT
According to research, more than 47% of the world’s population uses the internet.
Thus, almost half of the population can now enjoy a variety of different types of
entertainment. The internet has become a major force in the entertainment
industry. One of the biggest
advantages of internet
entertainment is that you can
watch movies, music, and
television shows on any internet
enabled device. Another
advantage is the convenience.
You can access these programs
from any room in your home, and
you can access them on any
device. Moreover, there are many other benefits of using the web for
entertainment. With so many people around the world, the internet has changed the
way people enjoy entertainment. It has helped artists spread their work worldwide and
created a multitude of sub-forms of entertainment, including movies, music, and video
streaming sites. Additionally, the internet has also enabled more artists to gain
recognition in their respective countries. The internet has changed the way we
experience entertainment. It has transformed the way we access information and share
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our passions. Previously, we had to travel to an actual venue to enjoy entertainment.
Now, you can watch movies and TV shows from wherever you are in the world. In
addition to this, you can now find countless videos, audio, and pictures from other
parts of the world.

THE INTERNET IS DRIVING ECONOMIC GROWTH

It is seen as a means to help the country develop and boost the economy.The Internet
has enabled new forms of personal interaction through instant messaging, Internet
forums and social networks. Online shopping is growing well for both large retailers
and small businesses and entrepreneurs, as it allows companies to expandas it allows
companies to expand into larger markets or even sell good and serviecs entirely online.
Our global Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) survey found that 75 percent of the
economic impact of the Internet accrued to traditional companies. These businesses
have benefited from the higher productivity the Internet enables. The Internet can also
serve as a powerful catalyst for job creation. A detailed analysis of the French
economy, for example, showed that while the Internet is reported to have destroyed
500,000 jobs over the past 15 years, it created 1.2 million new ones, a net addition of
2.4 jobs for every one destroyed. This conclusion is supported by McKinsey’s global
SME survey, which found 2.6 jobs were created for every one destroyed.
From an obscure network of researchers and technology experts three decade ago, the
Internet has become a
day-to-day reality for
more than a quarter of
the world’s people.
Today two billion
people are connected
to the Internet, and
almost $8 trillion
exchange hands each
year through e-
commerce. In the
advanced economies
we studied, the Internet accounted for 10 percent of GDP growth over the past 15
years, and its influence is growing. Over the past five years, the Internet’s contribution
to GDP growth in these countries doubled to 21 percent. If we include the large,
emerging economies of China, India, and Brazil, the Internet contributed 7 percent of
growth over the past 15 years and 11 percent over the past five. In countries such as

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Turkey, Malaysia, and Mexico, where both Internet usage and GDP per capita fall
within the medium range on the global scale, the Internet has also contributed
substantially to economic growth, though to a lesser degree than in mature economies.
Research currently under way suggests the Internet drove roughly half as much GDP
growth in these countries—still a substantial amount with the potential to increase
significantly. However, there is sizable variation among countries, including those at
relatively similar stages of development, leaving tremendous room for further Internet-
related growth.

RELATIONSHIPS
You do not need to know someone to love him/her. You do not need to feel the
pressure of playing all your cards in a few minutes while waiting for the bus. Now you
can find the love your life - or at least meet new friends - by simply downloading an
app and filling out a profile. Be it dating or building professional relationships, there is
a place for you online. This evolution has consequences for businesses: people now
rely on a wider circle of trust, other people they barely know that can influence their
decisions, one way or another.

HEALTHCARE
In the Internet age, everyone is a doctor. While you should not trust what you read
online, when you feel symptoms of some sort, it is undeniable that technology has
changed the medical experience and the relationship between doctors and patients. On
the one hand we have the risk of misleading information; on the other hand, the
emerging awareness that mobile devices can improve the quality of life and help
prevent diseases. Wearables technology is the main driver of the self-tracking
obsession; connected with health platforms (HealthKit), they will shape the future of
healthcare.

IMPORTANCE OF INTERNET IN EDUCATION

The Internet improves the quality of education, which is one of the pillars of
sustainable development of a nation. It provides education through Videos (like
youtube tutorial videos) and web tutorials which is affordable to everyone and cost-
effective.
The internet has allowed students to be in constant touch with their teachers or with
other fellow classmates with the help of social media, messaging apps and chat
forums. Parents can interact as well as communicate with teachers and school
authorities about their kid’s performance in the school.
The Internet has become a major tool for effective teaching as well as a learning tool.
Teachers can use it as a teaching tool by posting their teaching materials (notes and
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videos) on school website or forum . The learning process becomes interesting and
diverse with the use of tutorial videos and notes. Teachers can teach with the use of
animation, powerpoint slides, and images to capture the students’ attention.
Students can easily access quality education materials like tutorial videos on youtube
for free or pay fees online for more quality study materials. Teachers can also make
use of the internet by proving the students with extra study material and resources such
as interactive lessons, educational quiz as well as tutorials. Teachers can record their
lectures and provide it to the students for revisions which is better than reading from
notes. Information is the
biggest advantage which
the internet is offering. There
is a huge amount of
information available for
every subject. It keeps us up
to date with the latest
information regarding the
subjects in which we are
interested.

Benefits of the internet for Students

 Online education through the internet
 Self-study from the internet
 Connectivity and communication
 Gathering updated information

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BAD THINGS ON THE INTERNET
The internet has its benefits, but in the contrast, it also exists unsafe things to your
personal growth:

VIRUSES, MALWARE

The frequent use of the internet may infect your system with viruses that can damage
your valuable data, which is difficult to recover. These viruses enter the system
through USBs, CIDs, and the internet. Also, because of viruses, your system can
become worthless.

CYBERBULLYING, TROLLS, STALKERS

Cyberbullying or cyberharassment are known as online bullying. It has become
increasingly common, especially among
teenagers, as technology has advanced.
Cyberbullying is when someone, typically
a teenager, bullies or harasses others on
social media sites, or online forums.
Cyberbullying includes sending, posting,
or sharing negative, or false about
someone else. Victims of cyberbullying
may experience lower self-esteem, and
increase various negative emotional
responses, including being scared,
frustrated, angry, or depressed.
Internet trolling is a common form of bullying that takes place in an online community
(such as online gaming or social media) to elicit a reaction or disruption, or simply just
for someone's amusement. Cyberstalking is another form of bullying or harassment

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that uses electronic communications to stalk a victim; this may pose a credible threat
to the victim.
Not all negative online or social media interactions can be attributed to cyberbullying.
Research suggests that online interaction results in peer pressure, which can have a
negative, positive, or neutral impact on those involved.

BUYING THINGS THAT YOU DON'T NEED

The internet provides advantages for consumers to make purchasing, so users can
purchase products frequently without putting much thought into whether they should.
Also, some people can be addicted to buying items on the internet which can cause
serious debt.
HEALTH ISSUES AND OBESITY
If you are surfing the internet frequently, playing games and spending too much time
on the computer, it can also lead to obesity and an unhealthy lifestyle. Also, a person
who spends too much time on the computer can face a problem like carpal tunnel
syndrome as a computer requires a lot of repetitive movement. On the other hand,
surfing the web all day is a waste of your time, it's can reduce your focus.
You are required to move your body parts to operate the computer, for example, typing
and moving your hand to the mouse are repetitive actions that can cause injuries.
Understanding computer ergonomics, maintaining the proper posture, and taking
breaks can help delay or prevent these injuries.

BAD EFFECTS ON OUR MENTAL HEALTH

The internet also becomes a reason leading to depression as many people tend to
compare their lives with others on social networking sites. Social networking sites
allow users to make thousands of friends and communicate with each other. There are
also available online games that allow players to communicate with others. Although
social networking sites can give you the benefits of finding new connections
worldwide you may find yourself disconnected from your real-life friends.

FINALLY
The internet has positive as well as negative effects of the internet on society. Internet
usage has positive and negative impacts on our lives and people should be careful how
they use it. In addition to using the internet, they should also keep in mind the
internet’s negative effects and protect themselves from those.

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 GLOSSARY
Vocabulary Pronunciation Meaning
actual /ˈӕktʃuəl/ existing in fact
amusement /əˈmjuːzmənt/ enjoy something that is funny
analysis /əˈnӕləsis/ the act of examining a substance
broadband /ˈbrɔːdbænd/ a way of connecting to the internet quickly
broadcast /ˈbrɔːdkɑːst/ send out programmes on television or radio
uses their strength or power to frighten or hurt
bully /ˈbʊli/
weaker people
carpal /ˈkɑːpl/ any of the eight small bones that form the wrist
catalyst /kӕtəlist/ something causes change
working with another person or group of
collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃn/
people
compress /kəmˈpres/ make computer files, use less space on a disk
contribution /ˌkɒn.trɪˈbjuː.ʃən/ working together to achieve the same goal
a chemical element (Cu), used for making
copper /ˈkɒpə(r)/
electric wires, pipes and coins
a program that searches the World Wide Web
crawler /ˈkrɔːlə(r)/
in order to record and list data
connected with electronic communication
cyber /saɪbə(r)/
networks
debt /det/ a sum of money that somebody owes
decade /ˈdekād/ a period of ten years
depressed /dɪˈprest/ very sad and without hope
elicit /ɪˈlɪsɪt/ get information or a reaction from somebody
emerging /ɪˈmɜː.dʒɪŋ/ starting to exist
make people’s working environment more
ergonomic /ˌɜːɡəˈnɒmɪk/
comfortable
evolution /iːvəˈluːʃən/ description of development
a person with a high level of knowledge or
experts /ˈekˌspərt/
skill
expose /ɪkˈspəʊz/ show something that is usually hidden
a long thin piece of something that looks like
filament /ˈfɪləmənt/
a thread
frustrated /frʌˈstreɪtɪd/ feeling annoyed and impatient
guarantee /ˌɡærənˈtiː/ make something certain to happen
harassment /ˈhærəsmənt/ putting pressure, doing unpleasant things
immobile /ɪˈməʊbaɪl/ not moving
industry /ˈindəstri/ one type of business
interlink /ˌɪntəˈlɪŋk/ to be connected with other things
interwoven /ˌɪntəˈwiːv/ twist together two or more pieces of thread
the act of changing the position or order of
inversion /ɪnˈvɜːʃn/
something to its opposite

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magnetic /mæɡˈnetɪk/ behaving like a magnet
more important, bigger than others of the same
major /ˈmeidʒə/
type
a set of moving parts in a machine that
mechanism /ˈmekənɪzəm/
performs a task
obesity /əʊˈbiːsəti/ being very fat
obscure /əbˈskjuə/ something little known
offering /ˈɒf.ər.ɪŋ/ something that you give
optical /ˈɒptɪkl/ using light for reading or storing information
percent /pəˈsent/ for or out of every 100
permit /pəˈmɪt/ allow something to happen
pose /pəʊz/ create a problem
postal /ˈpəʊstl/ things that are sent by post
precise /prɪˈsaɪs/ clear and accurate
in the amount of light, sound or electricity
pulse /pʌls/
produced
rely /rəˈlai/ need something to be successful
repetitive /rɪˈpetətɪv/ repeated many times
restrict /rɪˈstrɪkt/ saying or doing the same thing many times
self-esteem /ˌself ɪˈstiːm/ control something with rules or laws
a feeling of being happy with your own
simultaneously /ˌsɪmlˈteɪniəsli/
character and abilities
spread /spred/ to cover or reach a wider or increasing area
substantial /səbˈstæn.ʃəl/ large in size, value, or importance
sustainable /səˈsteɪ.nə.bəl/ able to continue over a period of time
a set of physical conditions that show you have
syndrome /ˈsɪndrəʊm/
a particular disease or medical problem
the way the parts of something are arranged
topology /təˈpɒlədʒi/
and related
underground passage made by an animal or
tunnel /ˈtʌnl/
natural processes
vendor /ˈvendə(r)/ person who sells things
viable /ˈvaɪəbl/ the object we describe will be successful
existing or happening over a large area or
widespread /ˈwaɪdspred/
among many people
wire /ˈwaɪə(r)/ used to carry an electric current or signal
wireless /ˈwaɪələs/ sending electronic information
worthless /ˈwɜːθləs/ having no financial value

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