This is a teaching resource used to give 10/6/23

lectures some of the details explained in

class may not be present in these slides
please refer to class notes for full
understanding

Dispersion of light

Dispersion of light
Splitting of white light in to its seven colours.
Different colours have different wavelength or frequency so they
refract differently.
Higher frequency more refraction or bending/more slowing down
into the denser medium/angle of refraction will be bigger.

Robila Imran 1
This is a teaching resource used to give 10/6/23
lectures some of the details explained in
class may not be present in these slides
please refer to class notes for full
understanding

23 A narrow beam of white light passes through a prism and is dispersed into a spectrum.

Q23/S20/P21

1
white 2
light 3

Which row is correct?

colour 1 colour 2 colour 3

C
A blue yellow red
B red blue yellow
C red yellow blue
D yellow blue red

4 24 An intruder alarm sensor detects that a person is warmer than his surroundings.

Which type of electromagnetic wave does the sensor detect?

A infrared
Robila Imran 2
B radio
C ultraviolet
D visible light
 20 A converging lens is used to make an image on a screen.

screen
converging
lens

image
This is a teaching resource used to give candle
formed
here
10/6/23
lectures some of the details explained in
class may not be present in these slides
What type of image is formed on the screen?
please refer to class notes for full
A real and inverted
understanding
B real and upright
C virtual and inverted

Q21/S17/P23 D virtual and upright

21 Which diagram shows what happens when a ray of white light passes through a prism?

A B

spectrum
white white
light light
spectrum

D
C D
spectrum

white white
light light spectrum

© UCLES 2017 0625/23/M/J/17

Monochromatic light
is light of single frequency.

Robila Imran 3
 Which wavepoint
spreads out the
through most?
which point at which
A reflected ray
large wavelength passes
through image
a gap slightly is formed
larger than the wavelength
This is a teaching
B resource used to giveP
A wavelength
large R than the wavelength
through a gap much smaller 10/6/23
lectures some of the details explained in
class may not beC present
small
B in wavelength Pthrough a gap much largerSthan the wavelength
these slides
please refer to class notes for full
D small
C wavelengthQ through a gap much smaller
R than the wavelength
understanding
D Q S
24 An object is placed before a plane mirror as shown.
Q22/W17/P22

22A student
A laserviews the image of the object in the mirror from point P.
is a source of light with a single frequency.
Where does she see the image?
Which description of this type of light is correct?

A dispersed A
B focused
object B C D
C monochromatic
C
D refracted P

mirror
23 Visible light, X-rays and microwaves are all components of the electromagnetic sp

7 Which statement about the waves is correct?

25 Light has a speed of 1.24 × 108 m / s in diamond.
A In a vacuum, microwaves travel faster than visible light and have a shorter wa
What is the refractive index of diamond?

A
B0.41In a vacuum, microwaves travel
B 1.54
at the same speed
C 2.42 D 3.72
as visible light and
Q26/M18/P22 wavelength.

C In a vacuum, X-rays travel faster than visible light and have a shorter wavelen
26 Which statement describes monochromatic light?
D In a vacuum, X-rays travel at the same speed as visible light and have a shor
A light that does not diffract
B light that has a single frequency B
C light that spreads out when shone through a glass prism
D light that travels at the same speed in all materials

© UCLES 2017 0625/21/O/N/17

Robila Imran 4
© UCLES 2018 0625/22/F/M/18
This is a teaching resource used to give 10/6/23
lectures some of the details explained in
class may not be present in these slides
please refer to class notes for full
understanding 8

6 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows white light incident at point X on a glass prism.

Q6/W18/P43 screen
prism
8

6 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows white light incident at point X on a glass prism.
X

ray of white light screen

prism

ray of white light

Fig. 6.1

(i) From point X on Fig. 6.1, draw a ray of red light, labelled R and a ray of violet light,
labelled V, to show how a spectrum is formed on the screen. [2]

(ii) State the colour of light in the visible spectrum with the shortest wavelength.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]
Fig. 6.1

9 (i) From point(b)X onThe

Fig.critical
6.1, angle
draw aforray
a type of glass
of red light, is 42°. R and a ray of violet light,
labelled
labelled V, to show how a spectrum is formed on the screen. [2]
Fig. 6.2 and Fig. 6.3 show two prisms ABC and PQR made of this type of glass. A ray of
(ii) State the colourmonochromatic red light
of light in the visible passeswith
spectrum intothe
each of the wavelength.
shortest prisms.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]
A P

(b) The critical angle for a type of glass is 42°.

Fig. 6.2 and Fig. 6.3 show two prisms ABC and PQR made of this type of glass. A ray of
normal 60° Y normal
monochromatic red light passes into45°
each of the prisms.

A P

45° 60°
B C Q R

45° normal 60° Y normal

Fig. 6.2 Fig. 6.3

(i) State what is meant by monochromatic light.

...........................................................................................................................................
45° 60°
B C Q R
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
Fig. 6.2 Fig. 6.3

(i) State what is meant by monochromatic light.

...........................................................................................................................................
© UCLES 2018 0625/43/O/N/18

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

10

© UCLES 2018 0625/43/O/N/18

Robila Imran 5
This is a teaching resource used to give 10/6/23
lectures some of the details explained in
class may not be present in these slides
please refer to class notes for full
understanding 10

(b) Fig. 7.3 shows yellow light passing through a glass prism.
Q7/W17/P43

Fig. 7.3

Blue light enters the prism along the same path as the yellow light.

On Fig. 7.3, draw the path of the blue light as it enters, passes through and leaves the prism.
[2]

[Total: 7]

11

24 The diagram shows white light passing through a prism.

Q24/W20/P23

red
violet
white
light

Which description of what happens as the light passes into the prism is correct?

A The speed of the red light is less than the speed of the violet light and the red light is the
least refracted.
B The speed of the red light is greater than the speed of the violet light and the red light is the
least refracted.
C The speed of the violet light is less than the speed of the red light and the violet light is the
least refracted.
B
D The speed of the violet light is greater than the speed of the red light and the violet light is the
least refracted.

12 25 The diagram shows three types of electromagnetic radiation listed in a particular order. The
electromagnetic
© UCLES 2017 radiation is travelling in a vacuum.
0625/43/O/N/17

microwaves infrared X-rays

Robila Imran 6
Which quantities increase in magnitude going from left to right across the list?

A frequency only
B neither speed nor frequency
This is a teaching resource used to give 10/6/23
lectures some of the details explained in
class may not be present in these slides
please refer to class notes for full
understanding

Electromagnetic(EM) Spectrum
EM spectrum is due to oscillations in electric and magnetic fields
Properties of EM Waves
• They all transfer energy from one place to another
• They all are transverse waves
• They all travel with the speed of light (3 x 108 m/s)
• They can travel through vacuum and air with approx. same speed.
• They all can be reflected, refracted or diffracted.
• They obey wave equation (v=fλ).(The higher the frequency, the higher the
energy of the radiation)

13

Note: For complete understanding of the topic please refer to your book chapter 15.

14

Robila Imran 7
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lectures some of the details explained in
class may not be present in these slides
please refer to class notes for full
understanding 9

24 The diagram shows the electromagnetic spectrum.

Q24/W19/P23 radio
γ-rays X-rays ultraviolet visible light infrared microwaves
waves

increasing ......................

A word is missing from the label below the spectrum.

Which word is missing?

A amplitude
B frequency
C speed
D
D wavelength

25 Which row gives a possible set of values for the speed of sound in ice, in water and in steam?

15 speed of sound speed of sound speed of sound

in ice in water in steam
m/ s m/ s m/ s

S.No EM A
Approx. 500
Approx. 1500 Uses 4000 Harmful effects
. radiation wavelength freq.
B 1500
6
4000 500
1 Radio Few km 10 Hz radio and television transmissions, If RF radiation is absorbed by the
waves C 4000 500frequency identification
astronomy, radio 1500 body in large enough amounts, it
(RFID tags for data storage ) can produce heat and damage
D 4000 1500 500 body tissues.
2 Micro- 1m 109Hz satellite television, mobile phones (cell internal heating of body cells
waves phones), microwave ovens
26 A steel bar is placed in an East-West direction for it to be demagnetised. No other magnet is
3 Infrared 10-3m 1012Hz electric grills, short range communications skin burns
nearby.
such as remote controllers for televisions,
intruder alarms, thermal imaging, optical
Which method is not suitable?
fibres in medical for scanning patient’s veins
and endoscopes
A Hammering the bar.
4 Visible 400-700nm 1014Hz vision, photography, telescopes, illumination Bright visible light in into eyes can
Light B Heating the bar to a, photosynthesis
very high temperature. harm eyes
-6 15
5 Ultra-
C 10 Slowly
m 10 Hz
taking security marking, detecting fake bank notes, damage to surface cells and eyes,
the bar out of a coil that carries an alternating current.
violet forensic science, sterilising water
leading to skin cancer and eye
conditions, premature aging
D Slowly taking the bar out of a coil that carries a direct current.
6 X-rays -9
10 m 18
10 Hz medical scanning, security scanners mutation or damage to cells in
the body
7 Gamma 10-12m 1021Hz sterilising food and medical equipment, mutation or damage to cells in
rays detection of cancer and its treatment the body

16

Robila Imran 8
© UCLES 2019 0625/23/O/N/19 [Turn over
 10

23 Light travels through air and then enters and travels through a parallel-sided glass block.

Which statement
This is a teaching is correct?
resource used to give 10/6/23
lectures some
A ofThethe details
angle explained
of incidence is in
greater than the angle of refraction as the light leaves the block.
class may not be present in these slides
please referBto The
classlight emerging
notes for fullfrom the block is parallel to the light entering the block.
understanding
C The speed of the light decreases as it leaves the block.
D The wavelength of the light does not change as it enters the block.
Q24/W18/P23

24 Different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are used for different purposes. Below are four
statements about parts of the spectrum.

statement 1: Infra-red waves are used in television remote controllers.

statement 2: Radio waves are used to transmit television pictures from satellites to Earth.
statement 3: Ultraviolet waves are used for intruder alarms.
statement 4: X-rays are used for security checks.

Which statements are correct?

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 3 and 4

B
25 A sheet of ice floats on water. A source of sound S is positioned at the edge of the ice sheet.

Four microphones are placed equal distances from S.

17
Which microphone detects the sound from S first?

A 11

26 Which type of waves are produced by a television remote controller?

Q26 & 27/S22/P22 air
A infrared waves
B radio waves B A
D S
C ultraviolet waves
D visible light ice
water

27 Which statement correctly compares radio waves and X-rays?

A C
Radio waves have a longer wavelength and a greater speed in a vacuum.
B Radio waves have a longer wavelength and the same speed in a vacuum. B
C Radio waves have a shorter wavelength and a greater speed in a vacuum.
D Radio waves have a shorter wavelength and the same speed in a vacuum.

18
© UCLES 2018 0625/23/O/N/18

Robila Imran 9
This is a teaching resource used to give 10/6/23
lectures some of the details explained in
class may not be present in these slides
please refer to class notes for full
understanding

EM radiation for Communication

Many important systems of communications rely on long wave electromagnetic radiation,
including:
• Mobile phones, wireless internet & satellite television (using microwaves)
• Bluetooth, terrestrial television signals & local radio stations (using radio waves)
• Optical fibres (using visible or infrared waves)
Radio Waves
•Radio waves can be used to transmit signals over short distances
•Terrestrial (local) television signals, radio station transmissions and Bluetooth all work using
radio waves
•Radio station signals are transmitted at a longer wavelength than terrestrial television signals
•In hilly areas it may be possible to receive radio signals but not receive terrestrial television
signals. This is because television signals are more prone to diffraction around the hills as
their wavelength is similar to the size of the hill. This may leads to weakened signals because
diffraction is most pronounced when the wavelength is of a similar size to the obstacle, or gap

19

Bluetooth
Bluetooth uses radio waves instead of wires or cables to transmit information
between electronic devices, such as phones and speakers, over short distances
• Bluetooth signals tend to have shorter wavelengths than radio station or
television signals This enables high rates of data transmission, but can only be
used over a short distance (for example, within a household)
• The signals can pass through walls but the signal is significantly weakened on
doing so

20

Robila Imran 10
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lectures some of the details explained in
class may not be present in these slides
please refer to class notes for full
understanding

Communications with Satellites

Geostationary and polar orbiting (low orbit) satellites are both
used for communicating information
•Geostationary satellites
orbit above the Earth’s equator(approx. 36 000 km above)
• The orbit of the satellite is 24 hours
• Used for radio and telecommunication broadcasting around the world due to
its high orbit
• Polar Satellites
Polar, or low orbit satellites orbit around the Earth’s north and south poles
(200 km above sea level),
• Used for monitoring the weather, military applications, and taking clearer
images of the Earth’s surface with a much shorter time delay for signals
compared to geostationary orbit signals
• However, there is limited use in any one orbit because more than one
satellites are required for continuous operation
21

Microwaves
•Microwaves can be used to transmit signals over large distances (they signals to and
from satellites)
• Mobile phones, wireless internet, satellite (global) television and monitoring Earth systems
(for example, weather forecasting) all utilise microwave communication because
microwaves are not refracted, reflected or absorbed by the atmosphere or ionosphere
•As with radio waves, microwaves signals will be clearer if there are no obstacles in the way which
may cause diffraction of the beam. Also, they can penetrate most walls and only require a short
aerial for transmission and reception
•On the ground, mobile phone signals use a network of microwave transmitter masts to relay the
signals on to the nearest mast to the receiving phone
• They cannot be spaced so far apart that, for example, hills or the curvature of the Earth
diffract the beam
•When microwaves are transmitted from a dish, the wavelength must be small compared to the
dish diameter to reduce diffraction
• Also, the dish must be made of metal because metal reflects microwaves well

22

Robila Imran 11
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lectures some of the details explained in
class may not be present in these slides
please refer to class notes for full
understanding

Optical Fibres
•Optical fibres (visible light or infrared) are used for cable television and high-
8
speed broadband
• This21is The
because
diagram glass
shows ais transparent
tent tomaterial.
made from a new visible light and some infrared
• Also, visible light and short wavelength infrared can carry high rates of data
new material
due to their high frequency

What type of material should the tent be made of to reflect the radiant energy from the Sun?

material material
texture surface colour

A dull black
23 B dull white
C shiny black
D shiny white

22 A large hill blocks the direct path between a transmitter of radio waves and a receiver, as shown.

Q22/W19/P22

transmitter

hill receiver

The receiver picks up the signal from the transmitter even though the radio waves do not travel
through the hill.

Which row is correct?

A possible way A stronger signal is

for this to happen is received using

A diffraction round the hill. longer wavelengths.

B diffraction round the hill. shorter wavelengths.
C refraction round the hill. longer wavelengths.
A D refraction round the hill. shorter wavelengths.

24

© UCLES 2019 0625/22/O/N/19

Robila Imran 12
This is a teaching resource used to give 10/6/23
lectures some of the details explained in
class may not be present in these slides
please refer to class notes for full
understanding 8

6 (a) Circle two of the following that apply to an ultrasound wave travelling in air.
Q6/S18/P42

frequency 3.5 Hz frequency 350 Hz frequency 35 000 Hz longitudinal

transverse speed 1.5 m / s speed 1.5 × 103 m / s speed 1.5 × 106 m / s

8
[2]
6 (a) Circle two of the following that apply to an ultrasound wave travelling in air.
(b) Calculate the wavelength in a vacuum of X-rays of frequency 1.3 × 1017 Hz.

frequency 3.5 Hz frequency 350 Hz frequency 35 000 Hz longitudinal

transverse speed 1.5 m / s speed 1.5 × 103 m / s speed 1.5 × 106 m / s

[2]
wavelength = ...........................................................[3]
(b) Calculate the wavelength in a vacuum of X-rays of frequency 1.3 × 1017 Hz.
(c) A dentist takes an X-ray photograph of a patient’s teeth. Explain why it is safe for the patient
to be close to the source of X-rays, but the dentist must stand away from the source.

...................................................................................................................................................
25
...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
wavelength = ...........................................................[3]
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(c) A dentist takes an X-ray photograph of a patient’s teeth. Explain why it is safe for the patient
to be(d)
close to the
State, withsource
a reason,of X-rays, but the dentist
why microwave ovens must stand away
are designed only from
to work thewith
source.
the door closed.

...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]
...................................................................................................................................................

[Total: 9]
...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(d) State, with a reason, why microwave ovens are designed only to work with the door closed.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 9]

26

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18

Robila Imran 13
 25°

The light travels through the vacuum at a speed of 3.0 × 108 m / s.

This is a teaching
What isresource
the speedused to give
of light in the liquid? 10/6/23
lectures some of the details explained in
A 1.9 × 108 m / s
class may not be present in these slides
please refer Bto class
2.0 ×notes
108 m /for
s full
understandingC 4.6 × 108 m / s

D 4.8 × 108 m / s
Q23/S19/P23
23 An eclipse of the Sun happens when the Moon comes between the Earth and the Sun.

Which statement is correct?

A Infra-red radiation from the Sun disappears before visible light and ultra-violet radiation.
B Ultra-violet radiation from the Sun disappears before visible light and infra-red radiation.
C Visible light from the Sun disappears before ultra-violet radiation and infra-red radiation.
D Infra-red radiation, ultra-violet radiation and visible light from the Sun all disappear at the
same moment.

27
© UCLES 2019 0625/23/M/J/19 [Turn over

11

(b) Table 6.1 shows 5 different types of electromagnetic wave.

Q6/S19/P43
In the blank column in Table 6.1, write the numbers 1 to 5 to show the order of wavelength.
Write 1 for the wave with the shortest wavelength and 5 for the wave with the longest
wavelength. [2]

Table 6.1

type of electromagnetic wave order of wavelength

gamma rays
light
microwaves
ultraviolet
X-rays

(c) (i) State the speed of radio waves in air.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) A radio station transmits radio waves with a frequency of 96 MHz.

Calculate the wavelength of these radio waves.

28

Robila Imran 14

wavelength = ......................................................... [3]

 C D

This is a teaching resource used to give 10/6/23

red red
lectures some of the details explained in red red
class may not be present in these slides
white violet violet white violet violet
please refer to class notes for full
understanding
25 The diagram shows radiation from a lamp passing through a prism.

screen
Q25/S19/P12
prism
9 P
red light
24 The diagram shows white light passing through a prism.

radiation from
lamp

Which type of radiation is found at P? red

violet
A white
γ-rays
light
B infrared
B
Which description C ultraviolet
of what happens as the light passes into the prism is correct?
D X-rays
A The speed of the red light is less than the speed of the violet light and the red light is the
least refracted.
© UCLES 2019 0625/12/M/J/19 [Turn over
29 B The speed of the red light is greater than the speed of the violet light and the red light is the
least refracted.
C The speed of the violet light is less than the speed of the red light and the violet light is the
least refracted.
D The speed of the violet light is greater than the speed of the red light and the violet light is the
least refracted.
Q25/W20/P23

25 The diagram shows three types of electromagnetic radiation listed in a particular order. The
electromagnetic radiation is travelling in a vacuum.

microwaves infrared X-rays

Which quantities increase in magnitude going from left to right across the list?

A frequency only
B neither speed nor frequency
C speed and frequency
D speed only
A
26 A sound wave travels through air.

What name is given to a region in which the air molecules are further apart than normal?
30
A compression
B contraction
C rarefaction
Robila Imran 15
D vacuum