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Chapter 2

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5 views

Chapter 2

Uploaded by

tselothaiilemariam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER 2

2. ELECTRONIC ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM


2.1. Functions in electronic engine control systems
1. FUEL INJECTION CONTROL
An electric fuel pump supplies sufficient fuel, under a constant
pressure, to the injectors. These injectors inject a metered
quantity of fuel into the intake manifold in accordance with
signals from the Engine ECU.
The Engine ECU receives signals from various sensors
indicating changing engine operating conditions.
The signals from different sensors are utilized by the Engine
ECU to determine the injection timing and injection duration
(pulse width) necessary for the optimal air-fuel ratio to suit the
present engine running conditions.

2. IGNITION CONTROL
The Engine ECU is programmed with data that will ensure
optimal ignition timing under any and all operating
conditions. Based on this data, and on data provided by the
sensors that monitor various engine operating conditions,
the Engine ECU sends appropriate ignition timing signals to
the igniter or power transistor to trigger the spark at
precisely the right instant.

3. IDLE SPEED CONTROL


The engine ECU is programmed with target engine speed
values to respond to different engine conditions such as:
coolant temperature, air conditioner on/off (A/C), etc.
Sensors transmit signals to the Engine ECU, which, by
means of the ISC valve, controls the flow of air through the
throttle valve bypass and adjusts the idle speed to the target
value.

4. DIAGNOSTIC FUNCTION
The Engine ECU is constantly monitoring the signals that are
input to it from the various sensors. If it detects any
malfunctions in the input signals, the Engine ECU stores data on the
malfunction in its memory and lights the "CHECK ENGINE" lamp.
When necessary, it displays the malfunction by lighting the "CHECK
ENGINE" lamp, displaying on a tester* or outputting a voltage signal.
* OBD-II scan tool or TOYOTA hand-held tester
OTHER CONTROL SYSTEMS
In some engines, the Engine ECU also controls fuel pump, EGR and
some other auxiliary systems.

2.2 Components of electronic engine control system


The engine control system can be broadly divided into three groups: the sensors, the engine ECU,
and the actuators.
SENSORS ACTUATORS

MANIFOLD PRESSURE
SENSOR
OR
AIR FLOW MWTER EFI
NO. 1 AND 3 INJECTORS
ENGINE SPEED
CRANK ANFLE SENSOR
NO.2 AND 4 INJECTORS

WATER TEMP. SENSOR


IGNITION SYSTEM
INTAKE AIR TEMP.
SENSOR IGNITER

IGNITION COIL
THROTTLE POSITION E
SENSOR
N DISTRIBUTOR

IGNITION SWITCH
G
SPARK PLUGS
(START SIGNAL) I
N
VEHICLE SPEED E IDLE SPEED CONTROL
SENSOR
VALVE

OXYGEN SENSOR E
C
NEUTRAL START U OXYGEN SENSOR HEATER

SWITCH

FUEL PUMP CONTROL


TAILLIGHT AND
DEFFOGGER RELAYS

AIR CONDITIONER
CHECK ENGINE LAMP
KNOCK SENSOR

CHECK CONNECTOR
EXHAUST GAS RE-
CIRCULATION
BATTERY
2.3. BASIC FUNCTIONS OF ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Functions of sensors, Engine ECU, and actuators, which are the basis of the engine control
system, are shown in the following table.

COMPONENTS FUNCTION

Senses intake manifold pressure


Manifold pressure (vacuum) sensor (D-type EFI)
or
Air flow meter Senses intake air volume. (L-type
EFI)
Crank angle sensor Senses crank angle
Engine speed sensor Senses engine speed
Water temperature sensor Senses coolant temperature
S Intake air temperature sensor Senses intake air temperature
E Throttle position sensor Senses throttle valve opening angle
N Ignition switch Senses when IGSW is start position
S Vehicle speed sensor Senses vehicle speed
O Senses oxygen density in the
R Oxygen sensor
exhaust gas
Senses whether the transmission is
Neutral start switch
in “P” or “N”, or in some other gear
Taillight and defogger relays Senses electrical load
Senses whether air con. is On or
Air conditioner
Off
Knock sensor Senses engine knocking
Determines injection duration and
timing, ignition timing, idle speed,
ENGINE COMPUTER etc., based upon data from sensors
and data stored in memory, and
sends appropriate signals to control
actuators.
Injects fuel into intake manifold in
Injectors accordance with signals from
engine computer
Controls primary ignition circuit On
Igniter/power transistor
Off time
ACTUATORS
Controls idle speed by changing
volume of air flowing through
Idle speed control valve
throttle valve bypass in accordance
with signals from engine computer

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