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Chemical Names and Formulas

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Jeo Reenan Vigo
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10 views

Chemical Names and Formulas

Uploaded by

Jeo Reenan Vigo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHEMICAL NAMES

AND FORMULAS
PREPARED BY: MR. RICO JOHN S. PASCUA
OBJECTIVES:
AT THE END OF THE LESSON, STUDENTS SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
a) DIFFERENTIATE ATOMS, MOLECULES AND IONS;
b) NAME COMPOUNDS GIVEN THEIR FORMULAS AND WRITE FORMULAS GIVEN
THE NAMES OF THE COMPOUNDS; AND
c) PRACTICE CHEMICAL NOMENCLATURE: WRITING THE CHEMICAL FORMULAS
OF IONIC COMPOUNDS AND NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS FROM
FORMULAS.
METALS AND NON-METALS

•C, P, Se, I, Rn and to the right are


NON-METALS (including H)
•B, Si, As, Ge, Sb, Te, Po, At are SEMI-METALS
•All others are metals
CHEMICAL FORMULAS
• Definition
• Shows the kind and numbers of atoms in the smallest representative
unit of the substance.
Example:
• NaCl
• MgCl₂
• H₂O
IONS
• An ion is an atom or group of
atoms that has an electric
charge.
• Ions with a positive charge are
called cations.
• Ions with a negative charge are
called anions.
• Formed from a metal and
non-metal.
WRITING FORMULAS
AND NAMING
COMPOUNDS
Binary Ionic Compound
WRITING FORMULAS FROM GIVEN NAMES
Writing Formulas
• Charges must balance so compound charge is neutral.
• Write the chemical symbol and count how many element is/are used in balancing
and write the number as the subscript after the symbol.

Examples:
Writing names from the given formula
Steps in writing names:
1st word = CATION
2nd word = ANION name with ide ending.

Examples:

Formula: NaCl
Name: Sodium chloride

Formula: MgO
Name: Magnesium oxide

Formula: BaI₂
Name: Barium iodide
Writing Formulas with Transition Metals
WRITING FORMULAS WITH TRANSITION METALS
• Determine the charges of the transition metal ion and the nonmetal ion (anion)
• Balance the charges
• Write the chemical symbol and count how many element is/are used in balancing then
write the number as the subscript after the symbol
• (Take note: Exemptions to this Transitional metals are Zn, Ag and Cd due to one charge
only)
Examples:
NAMING WITH TRANSITION METALS
Steps in writing names:
• Backwards criss-cross to know the charge/Roman numeral
• First word = CATION
The roman numeral will tell you the charge of the transition metal
• Second word = ANION name with ide ending
EXAMPLES:

2
Polyatomic Ions
• Definition
- Tightly bound groups of atoms that behave as a unit and
carry a charge.
TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS

• Ternary means 3 different elements


• Usually contain poly-atomic ions
• Ionic means cation and anion
TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS:
Writing Formulas
2+ 2-
● Ca CO3 ● Calcium
CaCO3 carbonate
Charges canceled.

Just write the symbols


TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS:
Naming
BINARY MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
• Binary means 2 elements
• Molecular means 2 non-metals
• NO ionic charges are present
• Molecular compounds result from the sharing of electrons
between two nonmetals.
PREFIXES FOR BINARY MOLECULAR
COMPOUNDS:
Mono-: 1 Hexa-: 6
Di-: 2 Hepta-: 7
Tri-: 3 Octa-: 8
Tetra-: 4 Nona-: 9
Penta-: 5 Deca-: 10
Writing the Chemical Formula:
1. Identify the elements:
• Determine the two nonmetals involved in the compound.

2. Determine the number of atoms of each element:


• Use prefixes to indicate the number of atoms for each element.

3. Write the chemical formula:


• Combine the element symbols with their respective prefixes.
EXAMPLES
Name: Dinitrogen tetroxide

Chemical formula: N₂O₄

Explanation: Two nitrogen atoms and four oxygen atoms.

Name: Tetraphosphorus hexasulfide

Chemical formula: P₄S₆

Explanation: Four phosphorus atoms and six sulfur atoms.


Naming the Compound:
1. Use prefixes to indicate the number of atoms:
• The prefixes are used in the name of the compound to denote the number of atoms for
each element.

2. Second element's name gets an "ide" ending:


The second nonmetal in the compound has its name modified to end with "ide.“

3. Omit the prefix "mono-" for the first element:


• If there is only one atom of the first element, you usually omit the prefix "mono-."
EXAMPLES
Chemical formula: CO₂

Name: Carbon dioxide

Explanation: One carbon atom and two oxygen atoms.

Chemical formula: Cl₂O₇


Name: Dichlorine heptoxide
Explanation: two chlorine atoms and seven oxygen atoms.

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