NEPAL OIL CORPORATION, KATHMANDU, NEPAL

CONSTRUCTION OF POKHARA AVIATION FUEL STATION (AFS) AT

POKHARA
REGIONAL INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, POKHARA, GANDAKI
PRADESH, NEPAL
Contract no: NCB/WORKS/NOC/POKHARA-04/2077-78

A report on
Structural analysis and design
Of
CPHM PUMP FOUNDATION

Prepared By:
Religare-Samanantar-BNH JV
(June 2024)

1
Contents
List of Figures.........................................................................................................................................3
List of Abbreviations and Symbols.........................................................................................................4
Background............................................................................................................................................5
Machine data.....................................................................................................................................5
Vibration data....................................................................................................................................5
Criteria for design..............................................................................................................................6
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................7
Material properties...............................................................................................................................8
Concrete............................................................................................................................................8
Steel reinforcement...........................................................................................................................8
Soil.....................................................................................................................................................8
Structural analysis and modelling procedures.......................................................................................9
Loads.................................................................................................................................................9
Dead loads:....................................................................................................................................9
Dynamic loads:..............................................................................................................................9
Seismic design parameters..................................................................................................................10
Equivalent static method.................................................................................................................10
Response spectrum method............................................................................................................11
Seismic load calculation...................................................................................................................11
Load Combinations:.............................................................................................................................12
Structural response:............................................................................................................................12
Modal analyses:...........................................................................................................................12
Structural parameters check :.............................................................................................................13
Check weight (mass) ratio................................................................................................................13
Check for soil bearing capacity........................................................................................................13
Dynamic amplitude check................................................................................................................15
Rebar check from moment calculation............................................................................................15
Mode of vibration check for foundation sizing....................................................................................16

2
List of Figures
Figure 1 Vertical vibrations of a machine foundation a) actual case, b) equivalent model with
damping, c)model without damping.....................................................................................................5
Figure 2 Possible modes for cyclic displacement of foundation............................................................6
Figure 3 concept of high of low tuned foundations...............................................................................7
Figure 4: 3D view of the foundation block for fire pump (jockey)........................................................8
Figure 5: horizontal base shear coefficient curves...............................................................................11

3
List of Abbreviations and Symbols
A g = Gross areas of concrete.
Acc = Core area of concrete.
A st = Area of reinforcement
C d ( T ) = Horizontal base shear coefficient.
C h ( T )=¿ Spectral shape factor
E = Modulus of elasticity
f ck = Characteristic compressive strength of concrete
f y = Characteristic yield strength of concrete
H = Height of the structure
I = Importance factor
k = Constant or coefficient or factor
K v =¿vertical subgrade modulus ( K v ¿ equals
Ld = Development length
M u = Ultimate moment
M ulim = Limiting Moment of resistance
M ux = Design moment about xx axis
M uy = Design moment about yy axis
Pb = Axial load corresponding to the condition of maximum compressive strain
Pu = Design axial load for limit state design (factored load)
p = percentage of reinforcement
R = Response reduction factor
Ru=¿Ductility factor
T = Empirical fundamental amplified time period
T1 = Empirical fundamental time period of the structure
V u = Shear force due to factored loads
x u = depth of neutral axis
x u ,lim ¿ ¿ = Limiting value of depth of neutral axis
Z = Seismic zoning factor
α =¿ Spectral shape factor
τ v = Nominal shear
τ bd = Design bond stress
τ c = Shear stress in concrete
τ c, max = Maximum shear stress in concrete with shear reinforcement
Ω s=¿Over-strength factor under serviceability conditions
Ωu =¿Over-strength factor
µ = Poission’s Ratio
γ = Weight per unit volume
ρ = Density

4
Background
The overall sizes of the machine foundation are determined on the plant layout requirement,
from machine and geotechnical data and dynamic characteristics/response of the foundation.
Machine data
 The technical characteristics of machines(name, type, no of rotations per minute,power, total
weight etc)
 Outline dimension of machine base and anchor bolt layout.
 Weight and location of cg for the combined machine assembly and for each component,
especially rotating mass.
 For centrifugal machines the dynamic unbalanced forces are required for each rotor to be
applied at respective CG location.

Vibration data
The operation of the machine produces a vertical unbalanced force which passes through the
combined center of gravity of the machine foundation system.Vibration are time dependent
displacements of a particle or system of particles w.r.t an equilibrium position. Each structure
has its own natural frequency for a series of different modes which control its dynamic
behavior. The vibration induced is undamped harmonic excitation studied by the equation
∙∙
m y + ky=F o sinw ' t
F o , peak amplitude
'
w , angular frequency of force

Figure 1 Vertical vibrations of a machine foundation a) actual case, b) equivalent model with damping, c)model
without damping

A typical concrete block is regarded as rigid as compared to the soil over which it rests. The
cyclic displacement of a foundation can have six possible modes:

5
 1. Translation in the vertical direction
2. Translation in the longitudinal direction
3. Translation in the lateral direction
4. Rotation about the vertical axis(yawing)
5. Rotation about the longitudinal axis(rocking)
6. Rotation about the lateral axis(pitching)

Figure 2 Possible modes for cyclic displacement of foundation

Criteria for design

The basic requirements that must be met in the foundations for dynamic machines:

Static loads
1. It should be safe against shear failure
2. Basement settlement within normal limits

Dynamic loads
 There should be no resonance; that is, the natural frequency of the machine foundation-soil
system should not coincide with the operating frequency of the machine. A zone of resonance
is generally defined and the natural frequency of the system must lie outside this zone.

 The amplitudes of motion at operating frequencies should not exceed the limiting amplitudes,
which are generally specified by machine manufacturers. If the computed amplitude is within
tolerable limits, but the computed natural frequency is close to the operating frequency, it is
important that this situation be avoided.

 The natural frequency of the foundation-soil system should not be whole number multiple of
operating frequency of the machine to avoid resonance with higher harmonics.

6
Figure 3 concept of high of low tuned foundations

With all constant parameters, the static weight of machine affect the foundation-machine-soil
system resonance check. The weight of the machine must be too large not to pass the
resonance check.

Introduction
This report outlines the general methods implemented to analyze and design of Fire Pump
Jockey foundation(Figure 4). The RCC structure consists of 3d solid element with 8 nodes,
the CG of machine parts are modelled as node connected by rigid element to foundation
block, reaching an overall height of approximately 1.89 m from the foundation. Both the CG
of the motor and pump are located at vertical distance of 1.78m from foundation.

7
 Figure 4: 3D view of the foundation block for fire pump (jockey)

Material properties
The material specifications of the structural components follow IS 875 (Part 1) [2] and are as
follows.

Concrete
Concrete of M25 (with E=25000 MPa, μ=0.2, and γ =25 kN/m3) has been adopted for grade
all structural components. The sections are assumed as cracked with following reductions to
moments of inertia.

Steel reinforcement
HYSD bars of grade Fe500 [11] (with E=200000 MPa, μ=0.3, and ρ=7850 kg/m3) has
been adopted for the structure.

Soil
As per IS 2794-1-1969, the soil type is medium soil. The coefficient of elastic uniform
compression (cu) is 5000 t/m3 and coefficient of elastic uniform shear (ce=0.5*cu)=2500
t/m3.
70 points are present in the solid model.

1) vertical
direction 2) Horizontal direction
kz=CuxA kx=CexA
kz= 50000 t/m = 25000 t/m
per node= 714.28 t/m per node= = 357.14 t/m
= 7142.28 kN/m = 3571.4 kN/m
8
 Structural analysis and modelling procedures
A full three-dimensional solid finite element model is created in SAP2000 24. Machine dead
load are assigned at centre of gravity axis with rigid beam connected to the foundation. The
end supports are modelled as spring with vertical and horizontal springs.

Loads

Dead loads: The dead loads applied to the structure are distinguished into two components,
i.e. (a) self-weight, and (b) superimposed dead loads. The data are considered from the
catalogue as provided.
rotar wt Total wt*3
item kg kn Remarks
Assuming 10%
fuel load
remains in the
pump 90 27.9 83.7 pump
motor 110 1.1 3.3
baseplate 35 0.35 1.05

Dynamic loads: The dynamic loads applied to the structure are based on IS 2974-3.

as per calculation considered for

Rotar Wt.(m) Angular velocity eccentricity design
dynamic dynamic
Item kg w m force(kg) force(kg)
(normal (emerg
operation) operation)
Fo=m*e*w^2/10 Fo=6*Fo
3.34395E-
pump 90 188.400 05 10.682 64.093
1.67197E-
motor 110 188.4 05 6.528 39.168

9
Seismic design parameters
The seismic load at ultimate limit and serviceability limit states are adopted as per NBC
105:2020 [1]. Two methods, i.e. (a) equivalent static method, and (b) response spectrum
method, are implemented in the analyses. The structure is of moment resisting frame
configuration. Specific parameters adopted for the structure are:
Seismic zoning factor: 0.3 for Pokhara
Importance factor: 1.00
Soil type: C
Over-strength factor (Ωu ): 1.3
Over-strength factor under serviceability conditions (Ω s): 1.15
Ductility factor ( Ru): 3

Equivalent static method

Height of the structure, H=1.5 m
Empirical fundamental time period of the structure,
3
3/ 4
T 1=k t H 4 =0.05 ×1.5 =0.067 seconds
Empirical fundamental amplified time period:
T =1.25 ×T 1=0.08375 seconds
T =1
Since T lies below c seconds, the spectral shape factor is thus:
C h ( T )=α=2.5
The horizontal base shear coefficient at ultimate state is then
C (T ) ZI 2.5× 0.3 ×1
Cd (T )= h = =0.192
R μ Ωu 3 ×1.3

10
 Figure 5: horizontal base shear coefficient curves

Similarly, the horizontal base shear coefficient at serviceability state is:

0.2 C h ( T ) ZI 0.2× 2.5× 0.3 ×1
Cd (T )= = =0.13
Ωs 1.15

Response spectrum method

The horizontal base shear coefficient (i.e. C d ( T ) ) curve for ultimate limit state is defined in
ETABS. The C d ( T ) curve is obtained from the following equation:
C (T ) ZI 0.3 ×1.0
Cd (T )= h = C ( T )=0.05 Ch (T )
R μ Ωu 4 ×1.5 h
Similarly, the horizontal base shear coefficient curve for serviceability limit state is defined in
ETABS, using the following equation:
0.2 C h ( T ) ZI 0.2× 0.3× 1
Cd (T )= = C h ( T )=0.048 C h (T )
Ωs 1.25
The response spectrum loads are oriented along the principal axes of the building. Note that
the principal axes correspond to the direction of the first two modal base reactions.

Seismic load calculation

Output case Global Fx ‘kN’ Global Fy ‘kN’ Global Global My

11
 Mx‘kNm’ ‘kNm’
EQx -76.685 1.078E-09 -6.44E-08 16.7
EQy 1.214E-11 -76.689 -16.7 4.111E-09

Load Combinations:
Load combinations for seismic case as per NBC 105:2020 are as follows:
foundation DL+machine operationfoundation DL+machine operation+¿−seismic X /Y

where,
DL: dead load (self-weight + super-imposed dead load),
LL: live load,
EL: earthquake load (equivalent static),
RL: earthquake load (response spectrum),
Note that the subscripts x , y , and z denote the direction of applied forces. The earthquake
loads are applied under both serviceability and ultimate conditions.

Structural response:
Modal analyses: The response spectrum method uses Ritz vector modes with accelerations
along x, y and z directions. Sufficient number of mode shapes are taken to ensure mass
participation of at least 90% for translation along all three directions.

Frequency
, Hz period sec ux uy uz sum ux sum uy sum rz
1.122E- 1.122E 4.862E-
1 0.130508 0.01323 0.34 0.01323
7.66 07 -07 09
2.927E- 3.039E 1.268E-
2 0.106743 0.49 0.01142 0.5
9.37 06 -06 07
2.882E- 2.916E- 0.00266
3 0.097304 0.63 0.63 0.5
10.28 06 07 9
3.091E- 0.000117 0.00268
4 0.045331 0.47 0.63 0.97
22.06 08 1 8
7.739E- 8.872E-
5 0.041988 0.32 0.96 0.97 0.03189
23.82 08 08
8.078E- 6.073E-
6 0.036246 0.003913 0.96 0.97 1
27.59 06 08
1.986E- 3.533E-
7 0.033419 0.63 0.96 0.97 1
29.92 06 05
5.856E-
8 0.02696 0.02936 0.001876 0.96 1 1
37.09 08
3.095E- 9.981E-
9 0.025567 0.03925 1 1 1
39.11 07 07
7.097E- 0.000502
10 0.024855 0.01842 1 1 1
40.23 06 2
2.016E- 8.604E- 4.683E-
11 0.018419 1 1 1
54.29 12 06 05
12 0.013652 1.883E- 1.131E- 6.506E- 1 1 1

12
 73.25 05 13 09

The natural frequency of the soil is kept lower than the disturbing frequency ie 48.33Hz as
per vendor specification. The frequency ratio in max load participation for 90% mass
participation is lesser than 30% and within permissible range .

Structural parameters check :

Check weight (mass) ratio

168.7
total mass of foundation = 5 kN
mass of machine = 72.5 kN
>2,
Hence
ratio = 2.328 okay

Check for soil bearing capacity

Equipment Weight

Wt
Item no Description (oper) coordinate moments,kN-m
Wi 'kN' xc yc zc Wi.xc Wi.Yc Wi.Zc
fire pump
A Pump 69.75 1.25 1.8 1.78 87.1875 129.0375 124.155
B Motor 2.75 1.25 2.15 1.78 3.4375 5.9125 4.895
87 90.625 134.95 129.05

CG calculation
calculation of CG of foundation system

Wt
Item no Description (oper) coordinate moments,kN-m
Wi 'kN' xc yc zc Wi.xc Wi.Yc Wi.Zc
machine
A platform 75 1.25 1.86138 1.78 93.75 139.6034 133.5
foundation
B base 93.75 1.25 2 0.25 117.1875 187.5 23.4375

13
 168.75 210.9375 327.1034 156.9375

x= (∑WixXc)/∑Wi y= (∑WixYc)/∑Wi z= (∑WixZc)/∑Wi

= 1.2500 1.938 0.930

calculation of CG of loading system

(∑WixXc)/
x= ∑Wi y= (∑WixYc)/∑Wi z= (∑WixZc)/∑Wi
1.25 1.8614 0.93

Calculation of CG of combined foundation and loading system

Wt moments,kN
Description (oper) coordinate -m
Wi
'kN' xc yc zc Wi.xc Wi.Yc Wi.Zc
equipment
load 72.5 1.25 1.8614 1.7800 90.625 134.95 129.05
foundation
load 168.75 1.25 1.9538 0.93 210.9375 327.1034 156.9375
241.25 301.5625 462.0534 285.9875

x= (∑WixXc)/∑Wi y= (∑WixYc)/∑Wi z= (∑WixZc)/∑Wi

1.2500 1.9152 1.185

cg of foundation, x= 1.2500 m y= 1.938 m

cg of combined foundation and

loading system
x= 1.2500 m y= 1.915 m

eccentricity in x
direction = 0 m 0.125 m
eccentricity in y
direction = 0.029 m 0.2 m

check for SBC:

total mass of foundation = 241.25 kN
mass/area = 32.1667 kN/m2

soil bearing pressure check long term check

long term case

14
 Foundation DL+machine operation
max
comp(kN/m2)=P/a+Mx/zx+Mz/zz 42.4955
max uplift(kN/m2)==P/a-Mx/zx-
Mz/zz 21.8379

Dynamic amplitude check

The maximum amplitude of vibration of the forced vibration for SRSS dynamic machine
load case is calculated taking root square of three directional amplitude at a node.

x amp(E=3 y amp (E=3

mm) mm) z amp (E=3 mm) resultant amp mm/sec disp rms (mm)

sqrt(x.^2+y.^2+z.^2) (0.707*res amp)

0.002761 0.003386 0.006425 0.007769 0.00549

Rebar check from moment calculation

hori
zont
min al
longitu reba
dinal r
shear rebar 'mm
Dire d force reqd 2'
ctio (M1) (M2) (mm (kN),F along (0.1
load combo Type n (kN-m) (kN-m) b(mm) ) 1 face 1 5%)

DL+Machine
operation+eqx
Wall X 165.40 2500 1000 139.25 940 141

DL+Machine
operation+eqy 145.
Wall Y 186.88 1000 2500 139.25 972 8

DL+Machine foundati
operation+eqx on 131.53
bottom X 216.98 4000 500 1 2400 360
foundati
DL+Machine on 131.53
operation+eqy bottom Y 205.34 2500 500 1 1500 225

15
16
Mode of vibration check for foundation sizing

ELASTIC-HALF SPACE ANALOG METHOD

Weight of Foundation, Wf = 17.202 Tons
Weight of Machine, Wm = 0.368 Tons
Area of Foundation, Af = 80.729 ft2
Shear Modulus of Soil, G = 326.198 kg/cm2
Poisson's Ratio, ϑ = 0.25
Unit weight of soil, ϒ = 0.0018 kg/cm3
Natural Frequency Machine, f = 2930 RPM
Angular Freq. of Machine, ω = 306.83 CPS
Length x Breadth x Height of
Machine Foundation = 300 x 250 x 50
cm cm cm
a) Vertical Mode of Vibration
Damping
Total Wt. ro Bz ao Ratio Kz ωn ω/ωn
(kg) (cm) (ηz) (kg/cm) (cps)
17569.83
5 154.509 0.496 3.56 0.6034 40546.152 47.5801 6.448

Qo Qo/kz Az
Check
(kg) (cm) (cm) (mm)
1756.983
5 0.043333 0.001049 0.010486 OK
3513.967 0.086666 0.002097 0.020972 OK
5270.950
5 0.129999 0.003146 0.031458 OK
7027.933
9 0.173332 0.004194 0.041944 OK
8784.917
4 0.216665 0.005243 0.052430 OK

b) Horizontal Mode of Vibration

Damping
Total Wt. ro Bx ao Ratio Kx ωn ω/ωn
(kg) (cm) (ηx) (kg/cm) (cps)
17569.83
5 154.509 0.551 0.3879 241923.415 116.222 2.640

Qo Qo/kx Ax
Check
(kg) (cm) (cm) (mm)
1756.983
5 0.007263 0.001151 0.011507 OK
3513.967 0.014525 0.002301 0.023015 OK
5270.950
5 0.021788 0.003452 0.034522 OK
7027.933
9 0.029050 0.004603 0.046029 OK
8784.917
4 0.036313 0.005754 0.057537 OK

c) Rocking Mode of Vibration

 Damping
Total Wt. ro Bψ Iψ Ratio Kψ ωn ω/ωn
(kg) (cm) kg.cm.sec2 (ηψ) (kg.cm) (cps)
17569.83 0.081100
5 163.5905307 0.081 354.75 0.48596 5077651894 3783.3116 6

Qo Qo/kψ Aψ
Check
(kg.cm) (rad) (rad) (mm)
1756.983 3.47223E-
5 3.46023E-07 07 0.000173611 OK
6.94445E-
3513.967 6.92046E-07 07 0.000347223 OK
5270.950 1.04167E-
5 1.03807E-06 06 0.000520834 OK
7027.933 1.38889E-
9 1.38409E-06 06 0.000694445 OK
8784.917 1.73611E-
4 1.73011E-06 06 0.000868056 OK

d) Yawning Mode of Vibration

Damping
Total Wt. ro Bθ Iθ Ratio Kθ ωn ω/ωn
(kg) (cm) kg.cm.sec2 (ηθ) (kg.cm) (cps)
17569.83 1.106322
5 156.948618 0.500 87442.66 0.2499 6725927581 277.34121 7

To Qo/kθ Aθ
Check
(kg.cm) (rad) (rad) (mm)
1756.983 4.37885E-
5 2.61225E-07 07 0.000218943 OK
3513.967 5.22451E-07 8.7577E-07 0.000437885 OK
5270.950 1.31366E-
5 7.83676E-07 06 0.000656828 OK
7027.933 1.75154E-
9 1.0449E-06 06 0.00087577 OK
8784.917 2.18943E-
4 1.30613E-06 06 0.001094713 OK

References
[1] NBC 105 (2020): Nepal national building code
[2] IS:875 (Part 1) – (1987) Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for
buildings and structures, part 1, dead loads – unit weight of building materials and stored
materials (second revision)
[3] IS:875 (Part 2) – (1987) Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for
buildings and structures, part 2 imposed load (second revision)
[4] IS 456:2000 Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete (fourth revision)
[5] Bowles, J. E. (1988). Foundation analysis and design.
[6] Murthy, V. N. S. (2002). Geotechnical engineering: principles and practices of soil
mechanics and foundation engineering. CRC press.
[7] IS 1893 (Part 1) – (2016) Criteria for earthquake resistant design, part 1, general
provisions and buildings

18
[8] IS 1893 (Part 2) – (2014) Criteria for earthquake resistant design, part 2, liquid retaining
tanks
[9] IS 1893 (Part 3) – (2014) Criteria for earthquake resistant design, part 2, bridges and
retaining walls
[10] SP 7 – (2005) National building code of India
[11] IS 1786 – (2008) High strength deformed steel bars and wires for concrete reinforcement
[12] Subramanian, N. (2013). Design of reinforced concrete structures. Oxford University
Press.
[13] IS SP 16 – (1980) Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete.
[14] Manual for Design and Detailing of Reinforced Concrete to the Code of Practice for
Structural Use of Concrete 2013 (Hong Kong Code)

19