DRAFT BASIC ASSESSMENT REPORT

And

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME REPORT

SUBMITTED FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AUTHORIZATIONS IN TERMS OF THE NATIONAL

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACT, 1998 AND THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT WASTE ACT, 2008 IN RESPECT OF LISTED ACTIVITIES THAT HAVE BEEN
TRIGGERED BY APPLICATIONS IN TERMS OF THE MINERAL AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES
DEVELOPMENT ACT, 2002 (MPRDA) (AS AMENDED).

PREPARED FOR THE FOLLOWING APPLICANT:

Great Wall Mining (Pty) Ltd

DMRE REF. NO: MP 30/5/1/1/3/ 13240 MP

Gold ore Lithium ore Jade(gemstone) Quartz(gemstone)

 IMPORTANT NOTICE

In terms of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (Act 28 of 2002 as
amended), the Minister must grant a prospecting or mining right if among others the mining
“will not result in unacceptable pollution, ecological degradation or damage to the
environment”.

Unless an Environmental Authorisation can be granted following the evaluation of an

Environmental Impact Assessment and an Environmental Management Programme report in
terms of the National Environmental Management Act (Act 107 of 1998) (NEMA), it cannot
be concluded that the said activities will not result in unacceptable pollution, ecological
degradation or damage to the environment.

In terms of section 16(3) (b) of the EIA Regulations, 2014, any report submitted as part of
an application must be prepared in a format that may be determined by the Competent
Authority and in terms of section 17 (1) (c) the competent Authority must check whether the
application has taken into account any minimum requirements applicable or instructions or
guidance provided by the competent authority to the submission of applications.

It is therefore an instruction that the prescribed reports required in respect of applications

for an environmental authorisation for listed activities triggered by an application for a right
or a permit are submitted in the exact format of, and provide all the information required
in terms of, this template. Furthermore please be advised that failure to submit the
information required in the format provided in this template will be regarded as a failure to
meet the requirements of the Regulation and will lead to the Environmental Authorisation
being refused.

It is furthermore an instruction that the Environmental Assessment Practitioner must process

and interpret his/her research and analysis and use the findings thereof to compile the
information required herein. (Unprocessed supporting information may be attached as
appendices). The EAP must ensure that the information required is placed correctly in the
relevant sections of the Report, in the order, and under the provided headings as set out
below, and ensure that the report is not cluttered with un-interpreted information and that
it unambiguously represents the interpretation of the applicant.

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  Objective of the basic assessment process

The objective of the basic assessment process is to, through a consultative process─
(a) determine the policy and legislative context within which the proposed activity is
located and how the activity complies with and responds to the policy and legislative
context;

(b) identify the alternatives considered, including the activity, location, and technology
alternatives;
(c) describe the need and desirability of the proposed alternatives,
(d) through the undertaking of an impact and risk assessment process inclusive of
cumulative impacts which focused on determining the geographical, physical,
biological, social, economic, heritage , and cultural sensitivity of the sites and locations
within sites and the risk of impact of the proposed activity and technology alternatives
on the these aspects to determine:
(i) the nature, significance, consequence, extent, duration, and probability of the
impacts occurring to; and
(ii) the degree to which these impacts— (aa) can be reversed;
(bb) may cause irreplaceable loss of resources; and

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 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Malac Waste and Environmental Services (Pty) Ltd was appointed by Great Wall Mining (Pty) Ltd
to undertake Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process for the proposed 5 Ha mining
permit application situated on a portion of the remaining extent of the farm Kalverkraal 8 IU
Magisterial District of Eerstehoek in the Mpumalanga Province,

The proposed mining operation requires authorisations in terms of the MPRDA and NEMA. The
following applications have been made (Ref no: MP 30/5/1/1/3/ 13240 MP.

A mining permit application in terms of the provisions of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources
Development Act (Act No.28 of 2002) (MPRDA) regulated by the Department of Mineral
Resources (DMR);

Environmental Authorisation application in terms of Section 24 of the National Environmental

Management Act No 107 of 1998 (NEMA) and associated regulations, including the
Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations of 2014 regulated by the DMR for listed
activities triggered in terms of GNR 983. Should the application be successful the mining
permit including Environmental Authorisation will be granted by the DMR

Due to the non-hazardous nature of the Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and
Quartz(gemstone) mining operation and the already disturbed condition of the application area
(due to historical farming and mining activities) there are no potential impacts with a high
significance rating post mitigation. This report will show that the significance of most of the
potential environmental impacts is moderate to low. Furthermore, the potential impacts of the
operation can be reduced through the mitigation and careful management measures
recommended in this report. The EMPr and commitment made in this report must be adhered to
by mine management at all times. Annual audit must be conducted by an external auditor and
the reports submitted to the competent authority for review.

The supply of Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone) will assist the
ongoing development of the socio economic structure in the area and the potential biophysical
impacts of the proposed operation can be managed to a large extend. Based on the above
reasoning it is the opinion of the EAP that the activity may be authorised.

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 Contents

Contents............................................................................................................................ 3

1. Location of the overall Activity .................................................................................. 10

1.1 Project Description ................................................................................................. 10

1.2 Application Area Description .................................................................................. 10

1.3 Surrounding Land Uses ........................................................................................... 11

1.4 Service Infrastructure and Servitudes ...................................................................... 11

1.5 Description of the scope of the proposed overall activity ........................................ 11

2. Listed and specified activities .................................................................................... 13

3. Description of the activities to be undertaken............................................................ 14

3.1 Construction Phase ................................................................................................. 15

3.1.1 Stripping and stockpiling of topsoil .................................................................. 15

3.1.2 Landscaping activities ...................................................................................... 15

3.2 Operational Phase .................................................................................................. 16

3.2.1 Stripping and stockpiling of topsoil .................................................................. 16

3.3 Decommissioning Phase ......................................................................................... 17

3.3.1 The decommissioning phase will comprise of the following activities: .............. 17

3.4 Closure Phase ......................................................................................................... 18

3.4.1 The post-closure phase will include the following activities: ............................. 18

4. Policy and Legislative Context ................................................................................... 18

5. NEED AND DESIRABILITY OF THE PROPOSED ACTIVITIES ............................................. 20

6. Motivation for the overall preferred site, activities and technology alternative .............. 21

6.1 Site Activity Alternatives ...................................................................................... 21

6.2 Technology alternatives....................................................................................... 22

Full description of the process followed to reach the proposed preferred alternatives within
the site. ........................................................................................................................... 22

7.1 The type of activity to be undertaken...................................................................... 23

7.2 The design or layout of the activity; ........................................................................ 23

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 7.3 The technology to be used in the activity; ............................................................... 23

7.4 The operational aspects of the activity; ................................................................... 24

7.4.1 Water Supply .................................................................................................... 24

Details of the Public Participation Process Followed ......................................................... 24

8.1 Site Notice............................................................................................................... 25

8.2 Personal Notification .............................................................................................. 25

8.3 List of I and Aps and Summary of issues raised ...................................................... 16

Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures ................................................................... 20

10. The Environmental attributes associated with the alternatives. (The environmental
attributed described must include socio-economic, social, heritage, cultural, geographical,
physical and biological aspects) ....................................................................................... 30

10.1 Type of environment affected by the proposed activity. ........................................ 30

10.1.1 Regional climate ..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

10.1.2 Rainfall ................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

10.1.3 Regional geology .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

10.1.4 Topography............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

10.1.5 Land use ................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

10.1.6 Soils ....................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

10.1.7 Flora and Fauna ...................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

10.1.8 Surface Water ......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

10.1.9 Air Quality ....................................................................................................... 31

10.1.10 Noise............................................................................................................ 31

10.1.11 Visual Aspects (Aesthetics) ............................................................................. 32

10.1.12 Heritage ......................................................................................................... 32

11. Description of the current land uses .......................................................................... 33

12. Description of specific environmental features and infrastructure on the site ............. 34

13. Impacts and risks identified including the nature, significance, consequence, extent,
duration and probability of the impacts, including the degree to which these impacts can be
reversed .......................................................................................................................... 34

14. Methodology used in determining and ranking the nature, significance, consequences,
extent, duration and probability of potential environmental impacts and risks;................ 60

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 Definitions.................................................................................................................... 60

15. The positive and negative impacts that the proposed activity (in terms of the initial site
layout) and alternatives will have on the environment and the community that may be
affected ........................................................................................................................... 65

15.1 Construction Phase ............................................................................................... 65

15.1.1 Geology.......................................................................................................... 65

15.1.2 Topography.................................................................................................... 65

15.1.3 Soils ............................................................................................................... 65

15.1.4 Land Capability .............................................................................................. 66

15.1.5 Land Use ........................................................................................................ 67

15.1.6 Flora .............................................................................................................. 67

15.1.7 Fauna/Avifauna/Herpetofauna........................................................................ 68

15.1,8 Surface Water ................................................................................................. 68

15.1.8 Groundwater .................................................................................................. 69

15.1.9 Air Quality ...................................................................................................... 69

15.1.10 Noise............................................................................................................ 70

15.1.11 Visual Aspects .............................................................................................. 70

15.1.15 Socio Economic ............................................................................................ 71

15.1.13 Health and Safety ......................................................................................... 71

15.1.14 Archaeology and Cultural Aspects (Heritage) ................................................ 72

15.2 Operational Phase ................................................................................................ 72

15.2.1 Soils ............................................................................................................... 72

15.2.2 Land Capability .............................................................................................. 73

15.2.3 Land Use ........................................................................................................ 74

15.2.4 Flora .............................................................................................................. 74

15.1.5 Surface Water ................................................................................................. 74

15.2.6 Groundwater .................................................................................................. 75

15.2.7 Air Quality ...................................................................................................... 75

15.2.8 Noise.............................................................................................................. 76

15.2.9 Visual Aspects ................................................................................................ 76

15.2.10 Socio Economic ............................................................................................ 76

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16. The possible mitigation measures that could be applied and the level of risk. ............ 75

17. Full description of the process undertaken to identify, assess and rank the impacts and
risks the activity will impose on the preferred site (In respect of the final site layout plan)
through the life of the activity. ........................................................................................ 99

18. Assessment of each identified potentially significant impact and risk....................... 100

19. Summary of specialist reports. ................................................................................. 118

20. Environmental impact statement .............................................................................. 120

20.1 Construction Phase ............................................................................................. 120

20.2 Operational Phase .............................................................................................. 120

20.3 DECOMMISSIONING ............................................................................................ 120

20.4 Post Closure Phase ............................................................................................. 121

21. Summary of the positive and negative impacts and risks of the proposed activity and
identified alternatives; ................................................................................................... 122

22. Proposed impact management objectives and the impact management outcomes for
inclusion in the EMPr; .................................................................................................... 123

23. Aspects for inclusion as conditions of Authorisation. ............................................... 124

24. Reasoned opinion as to whether the proposed activity should or should not be authorised
..................................................................................................................................... 124

25. Period for which the Environmental Authorisation is required. ................................. 125

27. Has a water use licence has been applied for? .......................................................... 125

28. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE............................................................. 126

29. Administration of the EP&RP .................................................................................... 132

30. Describe the closure objectives and the extent to which they have been aligned to the
baseline environment described under the Regulation. .................................................. 133

31. Confirm specifically that the environmental objectives in relation to closure have been
consulted with landowner and interested and affected parties. ...................................... 134

32. Provide a rehabilitation plan that describes and shows the scale and aerial extent of the
main mining activities, including the anticipated mining area at the time of closure. ..... 134

33. Explain why it can be confirmed that the rehabilitation plan is compatible with the closure
objectives. ..................................................................................................................... 135

34. Confirm that the financial provision will be provided as determined. ....................... 135

35. General Monitoring and Reporting ........................................................................... 135

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36. Action Required ....................................................................................................... 136

37. Indicate the frequency of the submission of the performance assessment/ environmental
audit report. .................................................................................................................. 136

38. Environmental Awareness Plan ................................................................................. 136

38.1 Manner in which the applicant intends to inform his or her employees of any
environmental risk which may result from their work. ................................................ 136

38.2 OBJECTIVES ......................................................................................................... 136

38.3 RESPONSIBILITY FOR IMPLEMENTING THE EMP ..................................................... 137

38.4 AWARENESS CONTEXT ........................................................................................ 138

38.5 SENIOR AND SUPERVISORY PERSONNEL ............................................................... 138

38.6 REPORTING NON-COMPLIANCE WITH THE EMP IMPLEMENTATION ....................... 138

38.7 REPORTING PROCEDURE ..................................................................................... 138

38.8 CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................... 139

39. Manner in which risks will be dealt with in order to avoid pollution or the
degradation of the environment. ................................................................................... 139

40. Specific information required by the competent authority ........................................ 140

41. UNDERTAKING ......................................................................................................... 141

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 PART A

SCOPE OF ASSESSMENT AND BASIC ASSESSMENT REPORT

1. Details of the EAP and Applicant

Details of the Environmental Assessment Practitioner

Company Name: Malac Waste and Environmental Services

Contact Person: Ms. Pheladi Mphahlele (EAPASA reg)
79 Wes Street, Middleburg 1050
Email: [email protected]
Cell: 071 686 1777/ 079 539 2140

Details of the Applicant

Great Wall Mining
Contact Person : Mr. Mthobisi Zulu
78 Die Heuwel Estate, Die heuwel, Emalahleni, 1035
Email: [email protected]
Cell: 079 155 7781

Qualification and Expertise of Environmental Assessment Practitioner

Ms. Pheladi Mphahlele obtained a Bachelor of Earth Science in Mining and Environmental
Geology (BESMEG) in September 2017 from University of Venda as well as a Certificate in
from VBK Business Venture in January 2015. She obtained knowledge in storm water
management projects while working on community project in 2015 (2 months) in the
construction sector. She also worked on research project while completing her honors in
BESMEG. She has 4 years working experience with Environmental Impact Assessment and
currently registered with EAPASA (2021/ 4112) as an EAP.

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Project Experience

 Environmental Assessment for the proposed sand mining permit on portion of portion
39 of the farm Haakdoornboom 267 JR, within City of Tshwane Metropolitan
Municipality, Gauteng Province, May 2019.

 Environmental Assessment for the proposed prospecting right of coal on portion of

portion 41 and 42 of farm Rietvalei 140 HU, within the jurisdiction of Abaqulusi Local
Municipality, Zululand District of Kwa-Zulu Natal Province, July 2019.

 Environmental Assessment for proposed mining permit of gold ore on farm on the
remaining extent of farm kameelspoort 563 JU, within the jurisdiction of Mbombela
Local Municipality, Ehlanzeni District of Mpumalanga Province, October 2021.

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 2. Location of the overall Activity

Table 1: Location of the activity

Property description: A portion of the remaining extent of farm Kalverkraal 8 IU

Application area (Ha) 5 Ha

Magisterial district: Eerstehoek

Distance and direction from

nearest town Approximately 47Km south east of Pampoen

21 digit Surveyor General Code

for each farm portion T0IU00000000000080000

1.1 Project Description

The proposed application for a mining permit will cover 5 Ha area. The open cast mining
method will be utilised to extract the Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and
Quartz(gemstone) reserves that occur within the proposed mining permit boundary. A
moderate Blasting will take place. Excavators will be used to extract commodities and
transported to the stockpile area.

The application area has been disturbed through post-mining and farming activities. The
area is under little to no indigenous vegetation remain. The topography of the area is
categorised as mountainous.

1.2 Application Area Description

The applicant intends to mine gold ore, lithium ore, jade(gemstone) and quartz(gemstone)
on the remaining extent of farm Kalverkraal 8 IU. The site is situated approximately 47km
south east of Pampoen within the jurisdiction of Chief Albert Luthuli Local Municipality, Gert
Sibande District in Mpumalanga Province.

The Application area can be described as open veld and Mountainous. It appears that some
of the land previously cultivated, has been left fallow or have recently been planted to
pastures. The area also comprised of Thorn trees, grasslands, maintained gravel road,

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greenstone rocks as per the observation during the site visit. Please see attached site
photographs.

1.3 Surrounding Land Uses

The proposed site is situated adjacent to the Mololotja Nature reserve and boundary line of
Eswatini and South Africa on the western side, There is a Kalverkraal village and Ebhusini
Tourism Centre on the south west of the site. Vast majority of the surrounding land
comprises of livestock incorporated and other fodder during the post-harvest period. Crops
produced. There are also existing post-mining activities as there are old mines and diggings.

1.4 Service Infrastructure and Servitudes

No surface infrastructure exists on the application area.

1.5 Description of the scope of the proposed overall activity

The typical open cast mining method will be utilised to extract the Lithium ore, Gold ore,
Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone) that is existing within the proposed mining
boundary.

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Figure 1.2: Regulation 2.2

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 3. Listed and specified activities

The proposed Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone) mining operation
requires authorisations in terms of the MPRDA and NEMA. The following applications have been
made:

• A mining permit application in terms of Section 27 of the Mineral and Petroleum

Resources Development Act (Act No.28 of 2002) (MPRDA) regulated by the
Department of Mineral Resources (DMR);

• Environmental Authorisation application in terms of Section 24 of the National

Environmental Management Act No 107 of 1998 (NEMA) and associated
regulations, including the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations of 2014
regulated by the DMR. The proposed mining operation triggers the following listed
activity identified in terms of NEMA EIA Regulations, 2014 GN983.

Activity 21: Any activity including the operation of that activity which requires a mining permit
in terms of Section 27 of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act, 2002 (Act No.
28 of 2002), including associated infrastructure, structures and earthworks directly related to
extraction of a mineral resource, including activities for which an exemption has been issued
in terms of section 106 of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act, 2002 (Act
No. 28 of 2002).

Table 2: List of activities planned associated with the mining operation

Aerial extent of APPLICABLE

the LISTED LISTING

NAME OF ACTIVITY
Activity ACTIVITY NOTICE

Ha or m² GNR 983

Mining Site 5ha 21 GNR 983

Blasting, Crushing and Excavation 4.5 ha 21 GNR 983

Maintaining of an existing access road

to and from site. 200m Not listed N/A

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 Establishment of infrastructure
including, container offices, mobile
and chemical toilets. 100m2 21 GNR 983
Hauling and Screening 2500m2 21 GNR 983

Raw material and product stockpiling 2000m2 21 GNR 983

Waste Rock dump 2500m2 21 GNR 983

Topsoil Dump 1700m2 21 GNR 983

Pollution Control Dam 50m2 21 GNR 983

Stormwater and in-pit drainage 4200m2 21 GNR 983

4. Description of the activities to be undertaken

The proposed open cast mining method can be divided into four phases namely, construction,
operation, decommissioning and closure. The activities proposed during each of these phases
are listed below.

Figure 3.1: Open cast Mining Method

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 3.1 Construction Phase
The following activities are planned for the construction phase:

3.1.1 Stripping and stockpiling of topsoil

Stripping and stockpiling of soil in areas designated for surface infrastructure, stockpile areas,
and the initial box cut will be aligned with EMPr in order to effectively manage the topsoil for
rehabilitation purposes by the Applicant in the future. Topsoil will be stripped through a truck
and shovel stripping procedure. Over areas of deep excavation where the majority or all of the
soil profile is to be impacted) strip all usable soil (approx. 750mm) and stockpile as berms or
low, terraced dumps. Alluvial soils should be stockpiled separately from the colluvial (shallower)
and in-situ derived materials, which in turn should be stored separately from any ferricrete
material, while the soft overburden is stored as a separate unit, as a defined dump of less than
15m in height preferably. The limited height is important to preserve aerobic conditions in the
topsoil thereby preventing future reclamation problems. The height will also impact on dust
during windy conditions.

Over areas planned for less invasive structures (container offices etc.) and any material stockpile
or storage, strip the top 500 mm of usable soil over all affected areas including terraces and
strip remaining usable soil and ferricrete (if present in profile) where founding conditions require
further soil removal.

Stripping and stockpiling the topsoil first will ensure that the source of post mining rehabilitation
nutrients and seeds are retained.

3.1.2 Landscaping activities

Landscaping activities will involve the levelling of ground where surface infrastructure is planned
and the presence of construction vehicles on site.

The following infrastructure will be established on site:

 Weighbridge
 Mobile crushing and screening plant;
 Container offices and change houses;
 Security gate;
 Chemical toilets.

Waste handling

General and hazardous waste as defined under National Environmental Management: Waste Act
will be generated during the construction phase. General waste may comprise concrete, rubble,
glass, plastics and recyclable metals and hazardous waste could include used oils, oily rags,
paint and chemicals containers etc.

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Domestic and hazardous waste generated by the project will be collected, handled and
temporarily stored on site before being removed on a regular basis for disposal at appropriately
licenced facilities.
3.2 Operational Phase
The operational phase will include the excavation of Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and
Quartz(gemstone) from the proposed area. The commodity will be excavated, stockpiled and
loaded onto haulage trucks and transported to the desired location. No washing will occur on
site. The only process water required will be for dust suppression and it will be sourced from
the contract miner will brought onto site via a water tanker. The main activities planned for the
operational phase are:

3.2.1 Stripping and stockpiling of topsoil

As per the construction phase, the soils excavated will be separately pre-stripped as topsoil or
subsoil and stockpiled separately as stockpiles or berms of not more than 1.5 m around
infrastructure area ready for closure/rehabilitation purposes. Hydromorphic (wet) soils must be
stockpiled separately from the dry materials, and the “ferricrete” separately from all other
materials. Topsoil stockpiles will be vegetated and shaped to allow adequate drainage of storm
water to prevent erosion and contamination. Subsoil stripping and stockpiling should follow a
similar truck and shovel stripping procedure than the method used in the stripping of topsoil.

 Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone) raw product is required in
order to reach the desired size accepted by the existing markets.
 Raw material and product stockpiling. The raw material product will be road hauled to
the product stockpile area on site.
 Transportation of the raw product to the desired location using the existing access
road.
 Generation and handling of general and hazardous waste (oil, diesel, chemical toilets)

General and hazardous waste as defined under National Environmental Management: Waste Act
will be generated at the proposed mine operation. General waste will comprise concrete, rubble,
glass, plastics and recyclable metals and hazardous waste will include used oils, oily rags, paint
and etc. Temporary waste storage facilities will be constructed for hazardous and general waste
within the mine infrastructure area. A facility for the bailing and sorting of waste will be provided
for within the temporary storage areas. No disposal of general or hazardous waste will take place
at the mine; such waste will be transported offsite for disposal at suitably licenced facilities. A
chemical toilet will be maintained on site and emptied on a regular basis by a suitable service
provider at a registered waste site.

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  Storm water management.
Clean and dirty water will be separated through berms. Water falling onto the operational area
will be contained inside the pit. The water accumulating in the pit will then be used for dust
suppression inside the mining area.
 Presence of operational vehicles on site
The activities listed above will involve the operation of trucks, excavators and pick-ups.

 Concurrent rehabilitation.
Concurrent rehabilitation will occur during the operational phase by means of the roll over
method.

3.3 Decommissioning Phase

Rehabilitation of the mining area will run parallel with the mining operation. The topsoil and
overburden form the first box-cut will be placed at the end of the mining area. The first box-
cut will be filled and rehabilitated with the stripped overburden and topsoil from the second
mining window. This process will continue in the same manner as explained above (ongoing
rehabilitation). Once the final mining window has been mined, the void will be filled with the
topsoil and overburden from the first box-cut. The Rehabilitation Programme would include
ongoing monitoring and annual audits to ensure that objectives are met.

3.3.1 The decommissioning phase will comprise of the following activities:

 Dismantling and removal of all infrastructure in meeting the closure objectives; Mining
infrastructure such as site offices, change houses, fences, haul roads etc. will be removed
from site. The roads will be ripped and reseeded with indigenous vegetation.

 Ripping, landscaping and re-vegetation of all disturbed areas.

The operational area will be landscaped and re-vegetated to emulate the pre mining
environment as close as practically possible.

 Replacement of soils and backfilling of the pit;

During decommissioning, replace soil to appropriate soil depths, and over disturbed
areas and in appropriate topographic position to achieve predevelopment land
capability and land form where possible. The pre-stripped, top soil will be replaced
over the remaining landscaped area. Activities associated with the decommissioning
phase will aim at rehabilitation of the site and associated soil to the extent that the
site can revert back to agricultural use post mining. The topsoil and subsoil from the
initial box cut will be used to backfill the final void.

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  Maintenance of all re-vegetated areas up until such areas initiate succession and create
a sustainable cover;
The re-vegetated areas will be encouraged to grow and weeds removed on a regular
basis.

 Retrench and/or retraining of employees.

Mine closure will result in the retrenchment of a number of employees. Only
employees and contractors involved in the decommissioning activities will remain
employed.

3.4 Closure Phase

The aftercare programme will continue for two years after decommissioning and include six-
monthly site inspection and annual audit reports in which the monitoring results will be reported
to the DMR. The potential residual impact is subsidence of the mined out area due to the removal
of the Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone)/ layer during the
operational phase.

3.4.1 The post-closure phase will include the following activities:

 Monitoring of key environmental variables (i.e. soils, vegetation, groundwater and surface
water) in order to demonstrate stability of rehabilitated areas; and
 Weed management after closure, limited to areas disturbed by mining or included as
infrastructure related to the mine.

5. Policy and Legislative Context

Please refer to Table 4 below for a summary of the relevant policies and legislation:

Table 4: Summary of relevant Policies and Legislation

APPLICABLE LEGISLATION REFERENCE WHERE HOW DOES THIS DEVELOPMENT

AND COMPLIY WITH AND RESPOND TO THE
APPLIED
GUIDELINES USED TO LEGISLATION AND POLICY CONTEXT.
COMPILE THE
REPORT

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MPRDA, 2002 (Act 28 of S.27 Mining permit
2002) MPRDA, 2002 (Act 28 application. A Mining Permit application was lodged
of 2002): MPRDA on the DMR SAMRAD system. The
Regulations, 2004 application reference number is 13240MP

NEMA, 1998 (Act 107 of This BA Report and An application for Environmental
1998) EMPr is to obtain Authorisation has been submitted with
NEMA EIA Regulations of Environmental the Mining Permit application to the
2014. Authorisation. DMR as the competent authority for
triggering listed activities 21 of GNR
983.

National Environmental Check presence of The Applicant committed not to remove

Management: Biodiversity endangered species. any sensitive/ endangered species.
Act, 2004. However the EMP will require the
Applicant to apply for a tree removal
permit prior to the removal of
sensitive/endangered species.

NWA, 1998 (Act 36 of 1998) The mining operation The operation must implement storm
does not require a water management features to divert
Water Use License clean water away from the operational
because it is a dry area.
process and Stone During concurrent rehabilitation the
Lithium ore, Gold ore, rehabilitated area must be shaped to
Jade(gemstone), and allow free drainage.
Quartz(gemstone)/ is
not considered as a
hazardous material.
Water will be required
for dust suppression
purposes.

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Mining and Biodiversity The guideline The project area does not fall within any
Guideline distinguish between biodiversity priority area identified by
(DEA et al, four biodiversity the Mining and Biodiversity Guideline
2013) priority areas where
biodiversity may limit
the potential for
mining:
• Legally
Protected
Areas
• Highest
Biodiversity
Importance
• High
Biodiversity
Importance
• Moderate
Biodiversity
Importance

6. NEED AND DESIRABILITY OF THE PROPOSED ACTIVITIES

In previous years, the economic benefits of the mining sector were often concentrated in the
hands of small elite and not deployed optimally to further the development agenda of the
area concerned, although recent years have seen a fundamental shift towards recognising
the importance of sustainable business, which entails contributing to the socio-economic
strategies of the area concerned.

Mineral resources, such as Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone),
should be seen as part of the natural endowment of any province/country, and their
extraction presents a finite opportunity for local and provincial governments to benefit from
their wealth. If the financial benefits form mining are correctly invested in education, health
care, the facilitation of secondary or service industries, and the diversification of the
economy away from dependence on natural resources, the financial benefits can yield
developmental benefits far exceeding the life of any mine as there mostly used in jewellery,

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 dentistry and medicines, batteries, ceramics and glass, primary aluminium production,
ornaments and urns, vases, watches and clock.

The socio-economically depressed and geographically marginalised communities would

benefit directly from the proposed operation of the mine because the mine will employ 6-
20 people. Where possible, the employees will be sourced locally. All staff will be further
trained, which will also uplift the community. The activities will provide employment for
locals and support services, as well as empowerment and skills transfer opportunities. Seen
in the light of the current economic environment, having an income has a high impact on the
quality of life of families, creating a positive effect. This can therefore be considered a
significant benefit. Indirectly, the operation will also be creating jobs by employing
contractors for security, operation of the weighbridge and undertaking administration.

It is however necessary to highlight the sustainability of mining compared to agriculture

(previous land use). mining is not a sustainable activity because it is restricted to the extent
of the reserve and the life of mine. Agriculture on the other hand can be sustainable if
correctly practiced. Through fertilizers and crop maintenance the production of maize for
example can be sustainable for many decades. Therefore although mining can generate more
gross income over a shorter period, it is less sustainable than good agricultural practices. In
terms of this application the study area is currently used for agricultural practises. Therefor
the sustainable issue must be overcome, by rehabilitating the area sufficiently in order to
recover the area as close as possible to its natural state and to gain the necessary permits
for closure purposes.

A maintenance period of 2-3 years must be incorporated into the closure cost, therefore
sufficient financial provision will be available for the rehabilitation and maintenance of the
disturbed area. Depending on the land and the population growth in the affected region, it
could be sold back as agricultural land or for either game farming purposes or for other
industrial applications.

6. Motivation for the overall preferred site, activities and technology

alternative

6.1 Site Activity Alternatives

Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone) mining is the only activity that will
be conducted on site.

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6.2 Technology alternatives

Blasting is required to loosen the deposit due to the cementation of the mining areas rock. From
there excavators will be used to remove the Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and
Quartz(gemstone) from the pit and transported to the stockpile.

7. Full description of the process followed to reach the proposed

preferred alternatives within the site.

The DEA Guidelines Series notes the consideration of alternatives as one of the most critical
elements of the environmental assessment process. Its role is to provide a framework for
sound decision-making based on the principles of sustainable development. The search for
alternatives should be well documented, and should take into account the views of
stakeholders. Key criteria for consideration when identifying alternatives are that they should
be: “practicable”, “feasible”, “relevant”, “reasonable” and “viable”. The Guideline further notes
that although a range of alternatives may exist for a project, they are not all necessarily
appropriate for each project under consideration and that the range of categories of
alternatives to be evaluated should be considered along with the “no-go” alternative.

Assessment of alternatives should include a comprehensive comparison of all potential

impacts, direct, indirect and cumulative, on the environment. The goal of evaluating
alternatives is to find the most effective way of meeting the need and purpose of the
proposal, either through enhancing the environmental benefits of the proposed activity, or
through reducing or avoiding potentially significant negative impacts.

Consideration of alternative activities is a critical element of both EIAs and SEAs. Identification
should take place during the scoping phase and should facilitate input from all stakeholders.
Evaluation should focus on a few preferred alternatives and should include a comprehensive
comparison of all potential impacts, including biophysical, social and economic aspects.
Key issues to consider when identifying alternatives are that:
• Alternatives to most proposals exist;
• The need for and purpose of a development activity must be clearly identified to
facilitate the identification of appropriate and feasible alternatives;
• The appropriate development response is identified from a range of possible options;
• The selection is based on a comprehensive and participatory assessment of the full
range of options;
• Social and environmental aspects are accorded the same significance as economic and
financial factors in the assessment process; and

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 • The assessment and evaluation of alternatives continues through all stages of the
project.

In order to give effect to the general objectives of integrated environmental management laid
down in Chapter 5 of the National Environment Management Act 107 of 1998 (NEMA), the
potential impact on the environment of listed activities must be considered, investigated,
assessed and reported on to the competent authority. The procedures for the investigation,
assessment and communication of the potential impact of activities must, inter alia, include
with respect to every application for an Environmental Authorisation –

(a) An investigation of the environment likely to be significantly affected by the

proposed activity and alternatives thereto.
(b) An investigation of the potential impact of the activity and its alternatives on the
environment and assessment of the significance of that potential impact.
(c) An investigation of mitigation measures to keep adverse impacts to a minimum,
as well as the option of not implementing the activity.

It is clear from the above that the consideration of alternatives is an integral part of the EIA
process.

7.1 The type of activity to be undertaken

Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone) mining is the only activity planned
by the Applicant.
7.2 The design or layout of the activity;
The infrastructure that will be established on site is limited to a security gate, weighbridge, haul
roads, chemical toilets and container offices. The location of these will be determined based on
the direction of mining permit application.
7.3 The technology to be used in the activity;
The mining method proposed is the excavation and loading of Lithium ore, Gold ore,
Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone) onto trucks. Blasting is required to loosen the deposit
due to the cementation of the mining areas rock. From there the preferred alternative is to use
excavators to remove Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone) from the
pit. Other open pit excavation methods are to use power shovels, draglines and bucket wheel
excavators. Using excavators to remove the Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and
Quartz(gemstone) is the most practical means of winning the commodities especially in such a
small mining area. It has been successfully used for the past few years by the Applicant in other
operation and is thus a proven method.

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7.4 The operational aspects of the activity;

The operational aspects of the mine and potential alternatives are discussed below:

7.4.1 Water Supply

Limited water is required for operational purposes because it is a dry operation. Water will be
sourced out by the contract miner and brought onto site via a water tanker. Storm water
accumulating in the open pit can be used for dust suppression on the operational area.

A number of alternative options in terms of water supply exists; a borehole can be drilled (subject
to the approval from DWS), water can be sourced off-site from adjacent landowner’s farm dam
(if an agreement can be reached) or the municipality. The alternative water source options will
however require the Applicant to apply for a Water Use License which will delay the operation.

8. Details of the Public Participation Process Followed

Public Participation is a legal requirement, where the potential exists for individuals and/or
parties to be affected by a proposed activity. According to the principles of Integrated
Environmental Management (IEM), these individuals and/or parties should be involved in the
decision-making process from an early stage in the project, with regard to any relevant issues
and concerns complementing the information on which the Regulating Authorities would base
their decision.
The decision would entail one of the following:
• proceeding to the next phase in the project, or
• supplementing inadequate information, or
• not approving the project.

“Stakeholders” and “the Public”

“Stakeholders” refers to all individual(s) and institutions that are (potentially) directly
associated with the project including:
• The Applicant, namely Great Wall Mining (Pty) Ltd;
• Regulating (“Competent”) Authorities namely DMR (Mpumalanga region),
“Commenting Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS), “Commenting”
Authorities, namely Department of Agriculture and Environmental Affairs,
Chief Albert Luthuli Local Municipality;
• Mpumalanga Tourism and Parks Agency
• South Africa Heritage Resources Authority

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 • Kalverkraal Community
• Landowner (Department of Rural Development, tribal Authority adjacent
landowners;

The following steps were taken to inform the landowner, adjacent landowner, key stakeholders
and relevant authorities about the proposed project:

8.1 Site Notice and Newspaper advertisement

 Site notice was placed on the 17 August 2022 in the application area and at the access
point. Refer to the photographs on the Appendix 4 for proof of placement.

Figure8.1: Site notice Pictures

 A newspaper advertisement was booked and published on the 19th August 2022 on the
Khanyisa Newspaper.

8.2 Personal Notification

The key stakeholders namely the landowner, adjacent landowners and relevant authorities were
personally notified by emails about the application by forwarding them draft BAR together with
attachments for their consents and comments regarding the proposed application.

Refer to the title deeds and table below showing the landowner and I and Aps consulted.

Page | 25
8.3 List of I and Aps and Summary of issues raised

Interested and Affected parties Date Issued raised Eap ‘s response to issues as Section and
List the names of persons comments mandated by the applicant paragraph
consulted in this column received reference in
Mark with an X where who must this report
be consulted were in fact where the
consulted issues or
responses
were
incorporated
Affected parties
Landowner/s X
Still waiting for comments Appendix D
Tribal Authority

DALRRD

Lawful occupier/s of the

land
X
Landowners or lawful
occupiers of adjacent
properties
N/A

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Municipal Councillor
Still waiting for response
Municipality
Chief Albert Luthuli X Still waiting for response Appendix D
Municipality

Organ of
state(Responsible for
infrastructure that may
be affected Roads
department, Eskom,
Telkom, DWA
Department of Water and X Still waiting for response Appendix D
Sanitation

Communities
N/A
Department of Land
Affairs
Department of Rural Still waiting for response Appendix D
Development and Land X
Reform
Page | 17
Traditional Leaders
N/A X
Department of
Environmental Affairs
Department of Economic X Still waiting for response Appendix D
Development,
Environmental and
Tourism

Other Competent N/A

authorities affected

Other affected parties

SAHRA X Still waiting for response
MTPA Still waiting for response
Interested parties N/A

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 9. Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures

Table 9: The main activities along with each activities impacts and mitigation measures are presented below.
ACTIVITIES PHASE SIZE AND TYPICAL MITIGATION COMPLIANCE WITH STANDARDS
SCALE MEASURES

Soil stripping and Pre-construction 5 ha Management of topsoil to National Environmental Management: Biodiversity
vegetation Operational prevent soil loss through Act, 2004 (NEMBA). The EMP will require the
clearing. erosion and excessive wind; Applicant to apply for a plant removal permit prior

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 Avoid areas with sensitive to the removal of sensitive/endangered species.
vegetation species;
Restrict vegetation clearance to Mining and Biodiversity Guideline (DEA et al, 2013)
construction areas; The project area does not fall within any biodiversity
Salvage indigenous vegetation priority area identified by the Mining and Biodiversity
for re-planting during post- Guideline.
construction rehabilitation;
Implement dust suppression; NEMA, 1998 (Act 107 of 1998) NEMA EIA Regulations
of 2014 GN983.
Site Construction 200m2 Dust Suppression; Remain within the NEMAQA, 2004. Dust Regulation
Establishment Container No removal of vegetation Guidelines for rural communities.
office and outside demarcated areas;

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 chemical Retain topsoil integrity for the Remain within the designated area demarcated for
toilets reuse during rehabilitation; mining activities
Noise control;
Domestic waste management

Maintaining of Construction 200m Dust from the access road will Remain within the NEMAQA, 2004. Dust Regulation
the access road Operational be suppressed with water Guidelines for rural communities.
Decommissioning and/or a dust inhibitor;
Roads should have adequate NEMA, 1998 (Act 107 of 1998) NEMA EIA Regulations
drainage to remove storm of 2014 GN983.
water as
rapidly as possible;

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 Carry out the noisiest labours
as quickly as possible and
during normal working hours
(07:00 – 17:00) or according to
applicable legal criteria.
Raw material and Operational 2000m2 Limit the heights of the NWA, 1998 (Act 36 of 1998).
product stockpiles as far as possible.
stockpiling Clean up any spills National Environmental Management: Waste Act,
immediately and dispose of the 2008.
soil at a registered waste site.
Apply dust suppression NEMA, 1998 (Act 107 of 1998) NEMA EIA Regulations
techniques. of 2014 GN983.

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 Storm water management –
separating clean water from
dirty water through berms and
trenches.
Apply to the Construction Not known at Clean up any spills immediately
standards of the Operational this stage and disposed of the soil at a
National Decommissioning registered waste site.
Environmental Minimise dirty water area and
Management: contain dirty water;
Waste Act, 2008.
Prevent run-off of water with
high suspended solid content;

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 Waste should be removed off-
site by specialist contractors
for disposal;
Domestic waste will be
disposed of at an appropriately
authorised landfill facility to
reduce the risk of it affecting
the water resources;
Use local contractors as far as
possible.
Lithium ore, Gold Operational N/A Defining routes for the Occupational Health and Safety Act (85 of 1993). All
ore, circulation of heavy machinery future employees must undergo health and safety
Jade(gemstone), and vehicles; Implement dust

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and suppression spraying on access training. Mining must be conducted according to
Quartz(gemstone) roads and the operational area; these regulations.
Product Regular maintenance of the
Transportation operational vehicles and
machinery to avoid leaks and
spillages;
Transport powdered materials
in covered trucks.
Trucks should adhere to the
required speed limits to avoid
unnecessary injury or death to
animals.

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Concurrent Operational The area will be shaped to NEMA, 1998 (Act 107 of 1998). GN 940 Regulations
rehabilitation Decommissioning emulate pertaining to the Financial Provision for the
Closure the pre-mining topography; Rehabilitation, Closure and Post Closure for
Mining, Exploration, Mining or Production

Emphasis must be on ensuring Operations. Rehabilitation must will be conducted

that the area is safe, stable and according to these guidelines.

free draining;

Topsoil will be replaced over

the area to complement the
growth medium (subsoil) in
order to meet the two primary
criteria, namely:
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 - topography
management
(stability) and water
management (free- drainage)
The indigenous flora will be
encouraged to re-established
itself over time as part of the
maintenance programme;
Implement weed eradication
program

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Page | 29
 10. The Environmental attributes associated with the alternatives.
(The environmental attributed described must include socio-
economic, social, heritage, cultural, geographical, physical and
biological aspects)

The application area consists mainly of mining activities for the same commodity. The
description of the baseline environment and surrounding areas were obtained by using
a desktop study.
10.1 Type of environment affected by the proposed activity.

Climate, Hydrology and drainage

The study area is characterised by open high hills or ridges. The area is located on undulating
landscape with intermittent hills. The intensity of the undulating increases from west to east
in the direction of the Drakensberg escarpment and Swaziland. The area receives a mean
annual rainfall of between 601mm and 800mm, a mean maximum temperature of between
19.1oC and 31oC, and a mean minimum temperature of between 14 0C and 26oC. The
Komatiriver is not far from the proposed site but it doesn’t fall within the activity boundaries.

Geology and Mineral Potential

The occurrence of minerals in Chief Albert Luthuli local municipality is very high in
comparison to the other local municipalities within the Gert Sibande District. The Barberton
Greenstone Belt is situated on the eastern edge of Kaapvaal Craton in South Africa. It is
known for its gold mineralization and for its komatites, an unusual type of ultramafic
volcanic rock named after the Komati River that flows through the belt. Some of the oldest
exposed rocks are located in the Barberton greenstone belt of the Swaziland-Barberton
areas. The belt consists of a sequence of mafic to ultramafic lavas and metasedimentary
rocks emplaced and deposited between 3.5 and 3.2 Ga. The granitoid rocks were emplaced
over a 500 million-year time span and can be divided into two suites: the tonaliti-
trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) suite, and the granite-monzogranite- granite (GMS) suite.

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The GMS suite are found over large parts of the Kaapvaal Craton and their emplacement
coincides with the first stabilisation of the central parts of the craton. The GMS suite in the
Barberton granite-greenstone terrane shows very different internal and external
characteristics from the earlier TTG suite. Individual plutons may cover several thousand
square kilometres and these composite granitoid bodies have traditionally been referred to
as batholiths, alluding to their compositionally and texturally heterogeneous nature and
enormous areal extent.

Generally, the soil and geological formations is characterised in a mountainous structure

thus does not hinder mining development around the area. The study is characterised by
the Barberton supergroup associated with grey to white medium to coarse-grained biotite
granite and coarse-grained quartz and sandstone. The farm area is situated along the
Barberton greenstone belt.

Air Quality

Sources of emissions that occur in the region include Eskom power stations, industrial
emissions, blasting operations at mines and spontaneous combustion of discard at gold
mines, veld burning, vehicle exhaust emissions and household fuel burning.

Various local and far-a-field sources are expected to contribute to the suspended fine
particulate concentrations in the region. Local sources include wind erosion from
exposed areas, fugitive dust from agricultural and mining operations, particulate
releases from industrial operations, vehicle entrainment from roadways and veld
burning. Household fuel burning also constitutes a significant local source of low-level
emissions.

Noise

The application area is located in a district where the character of ambient noise is to
some extent determined by economic activity which over time has resulted in an
increase in the background ambient level. It should be noted that from the perspective
of noise-sensitive recipients in area, the character of the noise environment has not
been affected only by external factors such as industrial and mining activity. The
character is also affected and the background ambient level elevated by noises
produced by farming activity, which is the principle land-use activity exercised by
noise-sensitive recipients in the area. The sources of noise currently contributing to the
ambient level area:

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 • General and small-scale mining activities scattered over the area which
contribute to machinery, truck and road traffic noise;

• Agricultural activities where the main sources of audible noise are tractor diesel
engines.

Noise in the area is restricted to traffic from the district dirt road and normal routine
vehicle noises from the farming that is practiced in the area. Agricultural activities such
as the cultivation of lands and harvesting of crops also contribute a low scale source of
noise to the ambient level. Potential receptors which might be affected by the proposed
operation are the farmers and the local residents of the neighbouring farms and the
farm workers. The residential areas are not located in vicinity of the proposed activities
and they are thus too far from the operation to be regarded as a receptor.

Visual Aspects (Aesthetics)

The study area is associated with grasslands and agricultural activities. There are no
residential areas in close vicinity.

Heritage

No heritage resources were identified inside the application area during the site visit
conducted. The EAP has consulted with SAHRA utilizing the sahris portal in order to
advise if a heritage impact assessment should be conducted or not, we still waiting for
response.

Screening Tool Report

According to the Screening Tool Report, the site comprises of the very high sensitivity
of aquatic biodiversity and terrestrial biodiversity theme, high sensitivity in animal
species, medium sensitivity in Agriculture, civil aviation, palaeontology and plant
species and low sensitivity in archaeological and Defence theme hence, an Ecological
Assessment and surface water assessment was deemed unnecessary because according
to the EAP’s observation during the site inspection, the area is a disturbed land whereby
mining activities took place and a water resources outside the proposed site, on the
northern side which is approximately 120m therefore, it will not be affected by the
proposed mining activities and there are still remains of the diggings from the
previously mining. In addition, the site is vacant, contains of grasslands and few thorn
trees. No water resources exist within or close to the proposed. The EAP has advised
the applicant to avoid sensitive’s areas e.g the water resources and valley and ensure
that animals are moved away safely from the mining activities as far as possible.

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 11. Description of the current land uses

Most of the area is characterised by mountainous laying topography, valley and

grasslands. The large portions of the farm is covered by mountains and greenstone
outcrops, but will not be directly affected by the operation. The applicant intends to
prevent impacts sensitive areas such as a valley on the northern side, as we have
assessed and identified species and habitats that will be potentially impacted by the
proposed activities. Mining operations will be conducted on the remaining extent of
the farm Kalverkraal 8 IU. Flora and fauna (African grass-owl) species that may be
impacted by the proposed mining activity will be buffered.

Figure 11.1: Overview of the proposed site

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 12. Description of specific environmental features and infrastructure
on the site

The vegetation distribution of the Ka-ngwane Montane Grasslands within veld type supports
livestock such cattle, sheep for grazing. The Ka-ngwane Montane grassland is the dominant
vegetation type in the region, and covers most part of the farm. The eastern mountainous
areas are covered with the Ka-ngwane Montane grassland up to the western side. As far as
Soil Types are concerned, the mountainous areas comprise of surface outcrop of ancient
volcanic (ultramafic) and sedimentary rocks which have associates with the greenstone belt
giving rise to soils with high magnesium, calcium ratios and high concentration of heavy
metals such as nickel and chromium.

Figure 12.1: Aerial Map

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 13. Impacts and risks identified including the nature, significance,
consequence, extent, duration and probability of the impacts,
including the degree to which these impacts can be reversed

The table below indicates the environmental aspects and the specific impact that each
of the proposed activities will have on this aspect. The table further assesses the
duration, probability and level of significance of the impact pre-mitigation. It is also
indicated whether the impact is reversible or if it will lead to an irreplaceable loss of
resource. Lastly it shows whether the impact can be avoided, managed or mitigated.
The methodology used as described in Section 8.6 below was used to complete the
Impact Assessment. Please refer to Table 12 for the Impact Assessment Variables
definitions

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 Please note the full impact assessment which shows the determination of the level of significance is included in this report.
Table 13.1: Table indicating possible impacts and whether or not it can be reversed

Aspect Impact Cause / Activity Duration Probability Level of Reversible Irreplaceable Can be
Significance loss of avoided,
(Pre Resource managed
mitigation or
mitigated

Construction Phase

Disturbance of geological Blasting – Opening of Long Possible Low Reversible Unlikely Can be
Geology profile. initial cut. term over time avoided.

Landscaping activities Medium Definite Medium Reversible Unlikely Can be

• Levelling off the term over time managed.
ground level;
Alteration of the natural • Presence of
Topography topography. vehicles on site.

Loss of soil resource (soils Medium Probable Medium Possible Can be

covered or removed) due to term mitigated.
sedimentation and erosion
(wind and/or water). Stripping and Reversible
stockpiling beyond
of topsoil; project
Soils lifespan

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 Landscaping activities Medium Definite Medium Reversible Unlikely Can be
• Levelling off the term beyond managed.
ground level; project
• Presence of lifespan
vehicles on site.
Construction/upgrading
Compaction of soils. of access road.

Contamination due to Waste handling – Short Possible Medium Quickly Unlikely Can be
spillage. spillages from vehicles. term reversible avoided.

Preparation of footprint Medium Probable Medium Reversible Probable Can be

areas through the term beyond mitigated.
clearing of vegetation in project
areas designated for lifespan
Land surface infrastructure.
Capability Loss in agricultural potential.

Establishment of Medium Probable Medium Probable Can be

additional infrastructure term mitigated.
including:
• Weighbridge; Mobile
screening
plant;
• Container offices Reversible
Loss of agricultural land, and change houses; beyond
change of land use from Security gate; project
Land use Agriculture to Mining Chemical toilets. lifespan

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 Blasting – Opening of
initial cut.

Preparation of footprint Medium Definite Medium Reversible Unlikely Can be

areas through the term over time managed.
Loss and degradation of clearing of vegetation in
vegetation. areas designated for
surface
Vegetation Disturbance of ecological infrastructure;
(Flora) functioning.

Landscaping activities Short Possible Medium Quickly Unlikely Can be

• Levelling off the term reversible mitigated.
ground level;
• Presence of
Dust outfall on flora outside vehicles on site.
the development footprint Construction/upgrading
area. of access road.

Landscaping activities Medium Probable Medium Reversible Unlikely Can be

• Levelling off the term over time managed.
ground level;
Fauna Destruction of natural habitat • Presence of
(Mammals) affecting the animal life. vehicles on site;

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 Preparation of footprint Short Possible Low Quickly Unlikely Can be
areas through the term reversible avoided.
clearing of vegetation in
areas designated for
Harm to Fauna. surface infrastructure.

Landscaping activities Medium Possible Low Quickly Unlikely Can be

Levelling off the term reversible mitigated.
ground level.
Preparation of footprint
areas through the
Increased in Surface Water clearing of vegetation in
Runoff. areas designated for
Surface water surface infrastructure.

Stripping and Medium Possible Medium Reversible Possible Can be

Siltation of surface water due stockpiling term over time managed.
to erosion of exposed of topsoil;
surfaces.

Deterioration in Surface Water Waste handling – Short Possible Medium Reversible Unlikely Can be
Quality. spillages from vehicles. term over time avoided.

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 Preparation of footprint Medium Possible Medium Reversible Possible Can be
areas through the term beyond avoided.
Potential risk of fracturing clearing of vegetation in project
shallow aquifers and areas designated for lifespan.
depletion of aquifer. surface
infrastructure;
Removal of vegetation and
top soil decreases the Blasting – Opening of
Groundwater recharge of aquifers. initial cut;

Contamination of the Waste handling – Medium Possible Medium Non Unlikely Can be
underlying aquifer. spillages from vehicles. term reversible. avoided.

Air Quality Reduction in air ambient Construction/upgrading Short Probable Medium Quickly N/A Can be

quality. of access road. term reversible mitigated.

Stripping and stockpiling

Dust form is likely to settle on of topsoil;

vegetation and other Landscaping activities
operational areas as dust • Levelling off the
concentrations increase on ground level;
the mine premises. • Presence of
vehicles on site;

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 Noise Short Definite Medium Quickly N/A Can be
term reversible managed.
Blasting – Opening of
initial cut.
Landscaping activities
• Levelling off the
ground level;
Increase in ambient noise • Presence of
levels. vehicles on site;

Visual Establishment of Medium Definite Medium Reversible N/A Can be

Aspects additional infrastructure term over time managed.
including:
• Weighbridge;
• Mobile screening
plant;
• Container offices
and change houses;
Security gate;
Chemical toilets.
Stripping and
stockpiling of topsoil.
Landscaping activities
• Levelling
off the ground
Visual intrusion. Disturbance level;
to the sense of place. • Presence of

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 vehicles on site;

Socio Establishment of Short Probable Low Quickly N/A Can be

Economic additional infrastructure term (Positive) reversible managed.
including:
• Weighbridge;
• Mobile screening
The existing status quo of the
local economy will be affected plant;
by the introduction of • Container offices
relatively higher paying and change houses;
(assumed) but short term Security gate;
employment opportunities. Chemical toilets.

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Health and Landscaping activities Short Unlikely Medium Not N/A Can be
safety Presence of term reversible avoided.
Vehicles on site.
Increased potential for Construction/upgrading
accidents. of access road.

Long Unlikely Medium Not Possible Can be

term reversible avoided.

Archaeology Blasting – Opening of

and Cultural Degradation of heritage initial cut.
Heritage resources.

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 Operational Phase

Geology Disturbance of geological Blasting to loosen the Medium Probable Medium Not Unlikely Can be
profile. deposit. term reversible avoided.

Topography Raw material and Short Definite Medium Reversible Unlikely Can be
product stockpiling. term over time managed.
Alteration of the natural
topography

Soils Stripping and Long Probable High Reversible Possible Can be

stockpiling of topsoil. term over time mitigated.
Excavation of Lithium
ore, Gold ore,
Jade(gemstone), and
Loss of resource due to Quartz(gemstone) using
erosion. excavators.

Loss of resource due to Long Probable High Reversible Possible Can be

cracking from poorly term beyond managed.
consolidated rehabilitation at Concurrent project
surface. rehabilitation. lifespan

Long Definite High Reversible Possible Can be

Presence of haulage
Sterilisation of footprint area trucks on site. term beyond mitigated.

through compaction and Transportation of project

stockpiling. products to desired lifespan

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 location. Raw material
and product stockpiling.

Waste Management Short Possible Medium Reversible Unlikely Can be

(Domestic as well as term over time avoided.
hazardous wastes)
including chemical
toilets.
Contamination of soils

Land Excavation of Lithium Long Definite High Reversible Possible Can be

Capability ore, Gold ore, term over time managed.
Disruption of ecosystems and Jade(gemstone), and
potential loss of agricultural Quartz(gemstone) using
land, land capability being excavators.
reduced to mining.

Land use Excavation of Lithium Long Definite High Possible Can be

ore, Gold ore, term managed.
Disruption of ecosystems and Jade(gemstone), and Reversible
potential loss of agricultural Quartz(gemstone) using beyond
land, land use being reduced excavators. project
to mining. lifespan

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Vegetation Changes in vegetation Long Probable Medium Reversible Possible Can be
(Flora) dynamics, potential Excavation of Lithium term beyond mitigated.
disturbance and loss of ore, Gold ore, project
sensitive flora. Jade(gemstone), and lifespan
Potential alteration of Quartz(gemstone) using
ecosystem functioning due to excavators.
increased human activities.

Concurrent Short Possible Low Quickly Unlikely Can be

rehabilitation. term reversible mitigated.

Stripping and stockpiling

Potential invasion of alien of topsoil;
plants on disturbed areas.

Transportation of Short Possible Low Quickly Unlikely Can be

Lithium ore, Gold term reversible mitigated.
ore, Jade(gemstone),
and
Quartz(gemstone)
product to the
Dust outfall on flora outside desired location.
the development footprint
area.

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 Fauna Excavation of Lithium Short Possible Low Reversible Unlikely Can be
ore, Gold ore, term over time managed.
Jade(gemstone), and
Quartz(gemstone) using
excavators.

Displacement of indigenous Presence of haulage

faunal species. This could trucks
possibly lead to a modest on site;
decline in population
numbers, but not to local Blasting to loosen
extinction. deposit.

Transportation of Short Unlikely Low Not Unlikely Can be

Lithium ore, Gold term reversible avoided.
ore, Jade(gemstone),
and
Quartz(gemstone)/
Fatalities in terrestrial product to the
mammals. desired location.

Surface Storm water Definite Medium Unlikely

water Decrease in surface water management. Medium Reversible Can be
quantity term over time managed.

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 Presence of haulage Short Possible Medium Reversible Unlikely Can be
trucks term over time avoided.
on site;

Transportation of
Lithium ore, Gold
ore, Jade(gemstone),
and
Quartz(gemstone)/
product to the
desired location.
Surface water contamination
through oil or diesel spills.

Excavation of Lithium Long Probable Medium Reversible Unlikely Can be

ore, Gold ore, term over time managed.
Jade(gemstone), and
Quartz(gemstone) using
excavators.
Stripping and stockpiling
Surface water contamination of topsoil;
due to increased sediment Raw material and
load. product stockpiling.

Blasting to loosen Long Possible Medium Reversible Unlikely Can be

Potential contamination deposit. term over time managed.
of surface water by

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 nitrates released from
explosions.

Groundwater Reduction in groundwater Long Possible Medium Possible Can be

yield. term Reversible avoided.
beyond
Blasting to loosen project
deposit. lifespan

Excavation of Lithium Long Possible High Reversible Possible Can be

ore, Gold ore, term over time avoided.
Jade(gemstone), and
Quartz(gemstone) using
excavators.
Presence of haulage
trucks
on site;
Generation and handling
Potential of seepage from of domestic and
hazardous waste. hazardous waste.

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Air Quality Excavation of Lithium Short Probable Medium Quickly N/A Can be
ore, Gold ore, term reversible mitigated.
Jade(gemstone), and
Quartz(gemstone) using
excavators;
Dry screening;
Presence of haulage
trucks
on site;
Transportation of
Lithium ore, Gold ore,
Jade(gemstone), and
Quartz(gemstone)/
Reduction in air ambient product to the desired
quality. location.

Blasting to loosen Short Probable Medium Quickly N/A Can be

Increased “fly rock” deposit. term reversible mitigated.

Noise Excavation of Lithium Short Probable Medium Quickly N/A Can be

ore, Gold ore, term reversible managed.
Jade(gemstone), and
Quartz(gemstone) using
Increase in the ambient noise excavators;
level.

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 Blasting to loosen
deposit.

Presence of haulage
trucks
on site;

Transportation of
Lithium ore, Gold
ore, Jade(gemstone),
and
Quartz(gemstone)/
product to the
desired location.

Visual Excavation of Lithium Medium Definite High Reversible N/A Can be

ore, Gold ore, term beyond mitigated.
Jade(gemstone), and lifespan
Quartz(gemstone) using of the
excavators. Dry project
screening;
Presence of haulage
trucks
on site;
Disturbance to the sense of Transportation of
place. Lithium ore, Gold ore,

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 Jade(gemstone), and
Quartz(gemstone)
product to the desired
location.

Medium Definite Medium N/A N/A Can be

Regional All activities conducted
term managed.
Socioeconomic Additional employment as part of the
Structure opportunities. operational phase.

The local and regional road Medium Definite High Reversible N/A Can be
transport network will suffer Transportation of term over time managed.
additional pressure from the product to the
haulage trucks. desired location.

Health and Safety of Transportation of Short Unlikely Medium Not Unlikely Can be
community. product to the term reversible avoided.
desired location.

Damage to surrounding Blasting to loosen the Medium Possible Medium Reversible N/A Can be
houses and infrastructure. deposit. term over time avoided.

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Archaeology Excavation of Lithium Long Unlikely Medium Not Possible Can be
and Cultural ore, Gold ore, term reversible avoided.
Heritage Jade(gemstone), and
Quartz(gemstone) using
excavators;
Degradation of heritage and Blasting to loosen the
cultural sites deposit.

Decommissioning Phase

Geology No further impact is N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

expected as geology will Replacement of soils
remain intact. and backfilling of the
pit.

Topography Dismantling and Short Definite Low Reversible Unlikely Can be

Altering the established removal of all term over time managed.
topography by reshaping it infrastructure in
to meeting the closure
emulate pre-mining objectives;
environment.

Ripping, landscaping
and re-vegetation of all
disturbed areas.

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 Soils Ripping, landscaping and Short Possible Medium Reversible Unlikely Can be
re-vegetation of all term (Positive) over time managed.
disturbed areas;
Minimisation of erosion.

Waste generation and Short Possible Medium Quickly Unlikely Can be

disposal (hazardous and term Reversible managed
domestic).
Contamination of soils.

Land Slow positive impact on areas Medium Possible Medium N/A Unlikely Can be
Maintenance of all
capability requiring rehabilitation and revegetated areas up term (Positive) managed.
transforming mining to a until such areas initiate
state of post-mining, succession and create a
engineered agricultural and sustainable cover.
wilderness areas.

Land use Maintenance of all Medium Possible Medium N/A Unlikely Can be
revegetated areas up term (Positive) managed.
Land use will change from until such areas initiate
mining back to agriculture succession and create a
and wilderness areas. sustainable cover.

Vegetation Establishment of pastures for Ripping, landscaping Medium Possible Medium N/A Unlikely Can be
livestock grazing. and re-vegetation of all term (Positive) managed.
disturbed areas;

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 Improvement in erosion
control of rehabilitated areas. Maintenance of all
revegetated areas up
until such areas initiate
succession and create a
sustainable cover;

The introduction of species Long Probable Medium Quickly Unlikely Can be

not naturally occurring (nurse Ripping, landscaping and term reversible managed.
grass species) could re-vegetation of all
encourage the growth of disturbed areas;
invader species.

Fauna Maintenance of all Medium Possible Medium Not N/A Can be

(Mammals) revegetated areas up term (Positive) reversible managed.
Positive impact of livestock until such areas initiate
breeding and naturally succession and create a
assisting the transformation sustainable cover;
back to natural state.

Surface Ripping, landscaping Short Possible Medium N/A Unlikely Can be

water and re-vegetation of all term (Positive) managed.
disturbed areas.
Free drainage and Replacement of soils and
natural surface water backfilling of the pit;
patterns stabilisation.

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 Waste generation and Short Possible Medium Quickly Unlikely Can be
disposal (hazardous and term reversible avoided.
Contamination of surface domestic).
water.

Groundwater Replacement of soils and N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
backfilling of the pit.
No further impact expected.

Air Quality Dismantling and removal Short Probable Medium Quickly N/A Can be
of all infrastructure in term reversible managed.
meeting the closure
objectives;
Ripping, landscaping
Increase dust levels for a short and re-vegetation of all
period. disturbed areas.

Noise Dismantling and removal Short Definite Medium Quickly N/A Can be
of all infrastructure in term reversible managed.
meeting the closure
Increase noise levels for a objectives;
short period.

Visual Dismantling and removal Medium Possible Medium Reversible N/A Can be
Aspects Ongoing rehabilitation will of all infrastructure in term (Positive) over time managed.
improve the visual aesthetic of meeting the closure
the project site, thus objectives;
decreasing the visual impact.

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 Ripping, landscaping
and re-vegetation of all
disturbed areas.

Long Definite Medium Non N/A Can be

Regional Retrench and/or
term reversible managed.
Socioeconomic retraining of employees.
Structure Loss of jobs.

Dismantling and Short Probable Low N/A N/A Can be

removal of all term (Positive) managed.
infrastructure in
Short term employment meeting the closure
opportunities. objectives;

Archaeology N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

and Cultural No further impact is
Heritage expected. Decommissioning.

Post Closure

Geology No further impact as geology N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
will remain intact and have a
stable geological foundation. N/A

Topography Removal of the Lithium Long Probable High Reversible Possible Can be
ore, Gold ore, term beyond managed.
Subsidence of mining area. Jade(gemstone), and project
Quartz(gemstone)/ layer lifespan

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 during the operational
phase.

Soil Subsidence could result in the Long Probable High Reversible Possible Can be
loss of the soil resources. term beyond managed.
Ponding on areas due to Removal of the topsoil project
subsidence and lack of layer during the lifespan
compaction. operational phase.

Long Probable High Reversible Possible Can be

Cracking to surface from Poor maintenance of term beyond managed.
areas of unconsolidated landscaped/re- project
rehabilitation. vegetated areas. lifespan

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 Monitoring of key Long Possible Medium N/A N/A Can be
environmental variables term (Positive) managed.
(i.e. soils, vegetation,
groundwater and surface
water) in order to
demonstrate stability of
rehabilitated areas.

Weed management after

closure, limited to areas
disturbed by mining or
included as
Recovery of topsoil that will infrastructure related to
ensure a good growth the mine.
medium.

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 Land Monitoring of key Long Possible Medium N/A N/A Can be
capability environmental variables term (Positive) managed.
(i.e. soils, vegetation,
groundwater and surface
water) in order to
demonstrate stability of
rehabilitated areas.

Weed management after

closure, limited to areas
disturbed by mining or
included as
infrastructure related to
Return to pre-mining state. the mine.

Land use Monitoring of key Long Possible Medium N/A N/A Can be
environmental variables term (Positive) managed.
(i.e. soils, vegetation,
groundwater and surface
water) in order to
demonstrate stability of
rehabilitated areas.
Weed management after
closure, limited to areas
Return to agricultural grazing disturbed by mining or
land. included as

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 infrastructure related to
the mine

Vegetation Monitoring of key Medium Possible Medium N/A N/A Can be

environmental variables term (Positive) managed.
(i.e. soils, vegetation,
groundwater and surface
water) in order to
demonstrate stability of
rehabilitated areas.

Weed management after

closure, limited to areas
disturbed by mining or
included as
Pioneer species should return infrastructure related to
to natural state. the mine.

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 Animal Life Monitoring of key Medium Possible Medium N/A N/A Can be
(mammals, environmental variables term (Positive) managed.
avifauna and (i.e. soils, vegetation,
herpetofauna) groundwater and surface
water) in order to
demonstrate stability of
rehabilitated areas.
Weed management after
closure, limited to areas
disturbed by mining or
included as
infrastructure related to
Recovery of area suitable for the mine.
livestock and wildlife.

Surface Water Monitoring of key Medium Possible Medium N/A N/A Can be
environmental variables term (Positive) managed.
(i.e. soils, vegetation,
groundwater and
Free drainage and surface water) in order
natural surface water to demonstrate stability
patterns stabilisation; of rehabilitated areas.

Ground Water No residual impacts are N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
expected once mining
operations cease. N/A

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 Air Quality No residual impacts are N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
expected once mining
operations cease. Air quality
will be ambient levels. N/A

Noise No residual impacts are N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
expected once mining
operations cease. Noise will
be at ambient levels. N/A

Visual Aspects Monitoring of key Probable N/A N/A

environmental variables
The visual aesthetics of the (i.e. soils, vegetation,
area will continue to improve groundwater and surface
after closure as the water) in order to
rehabilitated areas become demonstrate stability of Medium Medium Can be
more natural. rehabilitated areas. term (Positive) managed.

Regional Monitoring of key Medium Probable Medium N/A N/A Can be

Socioeconomic environmental variables term (Positive) managed.
Structure (i.e. soils, vegetation,
The area will return to grazing groundwater and
wilderness. surface water) in order
to demonstrate stability
of rehabilitated areas

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Archaeology N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
and Cultural
Heritage No further impact. N/A

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 14. Methodology used in determining and ranking the nature,
significance, consequences, extent, duration and probability of
potential environmental impacts and risks;

The methodology assesses environmental and social impacts by evaluating the consequence
(spatial extent, duration, and severity of the impact) and likelihood (probability and
frequency of the impact occurring) of each impact and providing a numerical score for each.
The significance of each impact is determined by ranking the total score of the consequence
with the likelihood of each impact using a matrix. The risk class for each impact is
determined through a separate matrix ranking the severity with the probability of the impact
occurring.

The definitions of terms used within the methodology are described below, followed by
stepped approach to the explanation of the methodology used.

Definitions

Aspect – a facet of the social or biophysical environment upon/within which impacts can
occur.

Impact – is defined as any change to the environment, whether positive or negative, resulting
from a facility/project/development’s products, development, and activities.

Cause/Activity – the precipitating factor resulting in a perceived impact.

Mitigation Measures – identified actions and requirements designed to be instituted to

reduce the undesirable effects of a perceived impact.

Significance Level – the degree of importance of the impact on the social and/or biophysical
environment; a proxy for the degree to which the impact is reversible and may cause
irreplaceable loss of a resource. The approach used to determine significance makes use of
value judgements to determine the degree of change on the social and/or biophysical
environment, after which the consequence and likelihood of the impact are ranked to provide
a significance level.

Extent – the spatial scope of the perceived impact. (How large an area will be impacted).

Duration – the temporal scope of the perceived impact, or the period of time during which
the social and/or biophysical environment is changed by the impact. (How long the impact
will last).

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Severity – the degree to which the natural, cultural, and/or social functions and processes of
an environment may be affected or altered by a perceived impact. (How extreme/harsh the
impact will be. The degree of disturbance).

Probability – the possibility or likelihood of the impact occurring or manifesting.

Frequency – how often the impact is expected to take place/occur/manifest.

Risk – is defined as a function of the probability of an impact occurring and its severity.

Risk Class – grouping of the perceived risk of the impact occurring into categories (low,
medium, high, and very high) according to the function of the impact’s severity and
probability of occurrence.

Step 1: The potential aspects and activities are identified along with the associated social
and biophysical impacts which may occur during the construction, operation, and
decommissioning phases of the project.
Step 2: The consequence and likelihood of each impact identified in the preceding step is
evaluated and a rating score given for each variable following Table 13.
Step 3: The total score of the consequence and likelihood of each impact is ranked in the
matrix (Table 14), and the significance category determined.
Step 4: Mitigation measures for each impact are determined, and step 2 and 3 are repeated
to determine the significance of each impact post-mitigation.
Step 5: The risk class of each impact identified is calculated as a function of the severity and
probability of the impact, and by using a matrix (Table 15) the risk class category is
determined.

Table 14.1: Impact Assessment Variables with each Category Score

Extent (Magnitude) of the Impact

Small Limited to part of the project area 1

Medium Limited to the project area 2

Large Extends beyond the project area (local area) 3

Widespread, far beyond the project area (regional or greater

Extensive area) 4

Duration of the Impact

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Short term Quickly reversible, less than project lifespan 1

Medium Reversible over time, over lifespan of the project 2

Long term Permanent, beyond lifespan of the project (decommissioning & 3

rehabilitation)

Severity of the Impact

Low Disturbance of degraded areas with little conservation value. 1

Impacts affect the environment in such a way that natural,
cultural and/or social functions and processes are not affected.

Medium Disturbance of areas with potential conservation or resource use 3

value. Impacts affect the environment in such a way that
natural, cultural and/or social functions and processes are
altered.

High Disturbance of pristine areas with important conservation value. 5

Impacts affect the environmental in such a way that natural,
cultural and/or social functions and processes will temporarily
or permanently cease.

Probability of the Impact Occurring

Unlikely The possibility of the impact materializing is very low either 1

because of design or historic experience.

Possible There is a distinct possibility that the impact will occur. 2

Probable It is most likely (probable) that the impact will occur. 3

Definite The impact will occur or has already occurred. 4

Frequency of the Activity potentially causing the Impact

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 Once off The activity occurs once off or it already happened 1

Seldom / The activity occurs at least once in 3 months. 2

Infrequent

Often / The activity occurs at least once a week or monthly. 3

Regularly

Daily The activity occurs on a daily basis. 4

Table 13: Impact Significance Ranking Matrix and Significance Level Categories

Consequence
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
2 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
3 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
4 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
5 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
6 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
7 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Likelihood 8 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Table 14: Extent Definitions

Low Where there will not be a significant influence on the environment. 5-10
Management measures can be proposed to ensure that the significance
does not increase.

Medium Where the impact could have a low to significant influence on the
environment unless it is mitigated and/or managed. More easily 11-
reversible. 14

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 High Where the impact would have a significant influence on the environment 15-
unless mitigated and/or managed. Difficult to reverse. 17

Very Where the impact would have a significant permanent influence on the 18-
High environment regardless of any possible mitigation, or mitigation is not 20
feasible, and hence must either be avoided or managed.

The risk ranking of the impact is determined through the function of the probability (chance
of the impact occurring) and severity.

Table 15: Impact Risk Ranking Matrix and Risk Class Categories

Severity

1 3 5

1 1 3 5

2 2 6 10

3 3 9 15

4 4 12 20

Table 16: Risk Extent Definitions

Level Definitions Likelihood

Impact not expected to occur, but conceivable;

10% to 30% chance of occurrence; and
Low Circumstances rarely encountered. 1-2
• Impact may occur sometimes;
• 31 – 60% chance of occurrence;
Medium • Circumstances occasionally encountered. 3-6
• Impact will probably occur;
• 61 – 90% chance of occurrence;
High • Circumstances frequently encountered; 9-10
Very • Impact will almost definitely occur;
High • 91 -100% chance of occurrence; 12-20

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 15. The positive and negative impacts that the proposed activity (in
terms of the initial site layout) and alternatives will have on the
environment and the community that may be affected

Due to the fact that this proposed activity will take part on the specific area that was
permitted by the DMR, no alternative area is assessed as part of this specific application.
The impacts have been discussed below in terms of the construction, operation,
decommissioning and closure phases.
15.1 Construction Phase
The environmental and socio economic aspects that will be impacted on during the
construction phase of the proposed mine have been described below. A description of the
impact has been provided along with a discussion in terms of advantages and disadvantages
of the initial site layout.
15.1.1 Geology

The geology of the site will be altered by the blasting activities during the opening of the
initial cut. As the Applicant plans to mine to a depth of approximately 10 -15m, the low
lying geology will be altered. The disturbance will be limited to part of the project area.

Discussion
The fact that this is an application for a mining permit and the Applicant will only be allowed
to mine within the 5ha boundary the location of the initial cut will not have a significant
impact because the whole 5ha area will be mined within the two years. The more significant
impact will be the indirect impact that blasting could have on the groundwater quantity
should an aquifer be breached in the process.

15.1.2 Topography

The topography will be levelled during the landscaping activities specifically in areas
designated for the establishment of surface infrastructure. The disturbance will be limited
to part of the project area, it is reversible in the long term (> 2 years) as the post mining
topography will be landscaped to emulate the pre-mining topography but the impact will
definitely happen.

15.1.3 Soils

Topsoil and subsoil will be disturbed during the construction phase when the footprint areas
for surface infrastructure are stripped. The topsoil and subsoil will be stockpiled for use
during rehabilitation upon closure of the mine. The soil in the areas to be disturbed that is

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suitable for use as a growth medium will be excavated (pre-stripped) and stockpiled for use
during rehabilitation (decommissioning phase). The pre-stripping and stockpiling of the
soil will result in both physical and chemical changes in the soil due to the disturbance,
increased aeration and absence of vegetative cover.

This action on the soil will result in a breakdown of the macro- and micro-soil structure,
especially when excessively wet and with duplicate handling. As only the topsoil and subsoil
will be stockpiled, the mixing of the soil from the lower horizons with the bed rock would
alter the characteristics of the conglomerate as far as chemistry and water retention capacity
is concerned. The stockpiled topsoil and subsoil will be exposed to contamination (such as
oils lubricants) and erosion agents such as water and wind during the construction phase.

During construction there is the probability of sheet erosion occurring on the areas cleared
of vegetation. The extent of the cleared area is however relatively small and will only involve
portions of the mining area. As these sites will be actively managed (or be covered by
temporary structures) the duration will be long term. The probability of gully erosion will
be limited to the concentrated flow of collected water points or concentrated flow points
(such as culverts) around the planned activities. However proper berm construction and
erosion control measures will ensure that the intensity will be greatly reduced.

Discussion
The impact on the soils during the construction phase will be negative and is unavoidable.
However the soils can be used in a positive manner such as for berm construction. The
proposed mining area is currently used for grazing purposes therefor it is assumed that the
soil is of good quality. Based on this assumption it is important that the topsoil is correctly
managed from the construction phase to decommissioning phase to ensure that it retains
its characteristics. When this happen the positive impact of stripping the soils will occur
during the rehabilitation phase when topsoil containing a gene bank of seeds of indigenous
species can be spread over the rehabilitated area. A loss of topsoil (through sterilisation,
erosion or contamination) would generally result in a decrease in the rehabilitation and
future land use potential of any land that is disturbed by the construction of the proposed
infrastructure and mining activities.

15.1.4 Land Capability

Land capability will be compromised in the vicinity of the operational areas that are planned
to be pre-stripped of topsoil and growth medium material (for later re-use). The
disturbance will be limited to a relatively small part of the project area.

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Where the land capability is grazing or wilderness, the post mining capability will not be
compromised and the impact is reversible in the long term (> 2 years) and will definitely
happen. However large parts of the proposed mining area is under crop production therefor
the land capability of the mining area will definitely be compromised during the construction
phase of the planned activities. This is mainly due to the impact that the construction
activities will have on the topsoil of the site.

Discussion
No alternative mining sites are being considered as part of this application therefore the
topsoil must be managed from the construction phase to decommissioning phase to ensure
that it retains its characteristics. When this happen the positive impact of stripping the soils
will occur during the rehabilitation phase when topsoil containing a gene bank of seeds of
indigenous species can be spread over the rehabilitated area. This will give the area the best
chance of returning back to the pre-mining land capability.

15.1.5 Land Use

The land use will change from agriculture to mining during the construction phase. Due to
the small nature of the Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone)/
mining operation adjacent land uses should not be impacted on during the construction
phase. The land use of the proposed site will definitely change but it can be reversed in the
long term.

Discussion
The site is currently used for agriculture (crop production) and post-mining activities
purposes. The negative impact is that the land use of the mining area will change from
agriculture to mining. The positive impact will be on the socio economic side for the
Applicant in terms of requiring the Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and
Quartz(gemstone)/ resource to supply to the growing building industry in the area. The land
use must be given the best chance to return to the pre-mining state through the correct
implementation of the EMP.
15.1.6 Flora

The construction activities will lead to loss of indigenous vegetation on the property. The
losses will come about mainly through site clearance activities specifically on area
designated for infrastructure establishment. Natural ecological processes will be disrupted
and there is a strong probability that alien weed species such as Wattle (Acacia mearnsii) will
become more prolific. The removal of flora will definitely occur but the impact is reversible

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in the long term. By implementing a weed eradication program the probability of alien
species colonising the area can be decreased significantly.

The flora on adjacent properties could also be impacted on through dust fallout created by
the construction and transportation activities.

Discussion
The clearing of vegetation is unavoidable and necessary for the project. The impact is
considered negative but not highly significant seeing that the area has been used for
agriculture and it is not expected to find much indigenous or sensitive species within the
5ha.

15.1.7 Fauna/Avifauna/Herpetofauna

The terrestrial fauna at the site is already very severely depleted with many of the original
species, especially the larger mammals, now being locally extinct due to agricultural
activities. However, with the further degradation of the area as a result of the mine
development, further losses will take place. Affected groups will include the mammals,
birds, reptiles, amphibians, and a wide variety of invertebrate groups with the insects being
the most obvious. Several species of conservation have already been lost from the area as a
result of human activities.

The disturbance and consequent habitat destruction will comprise part of the mining permit
area during construction. It is estimated that the zone of influence would be temporary in
the long term and will happen. The associated loss of habitat, disturbance in the area in
terms of noise and dust pollution associated with construction activities will possibly have a
negative cumulative impact on the fauna in the surrounding area in the long term.

Discussion
Only part of the mining permit area will be disturbed during the construction phase but as
the operation continues the disturbed area will increase. However due to the small size of
the permit area (5ha) and the fact that the area has been used for crop production over the
last few years the impact on animal life is assessed to be of low significance.

15.1,8 Surface Water

Spillage from chemical toilets, oil spills and construction dumping may be picked up by
runoff and will contaminate the downstream watercourses. Sedimentation of the water

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resources could occur from exposed surface during periods of high rainfall. Increased
sediment movement off the construction sites will add to the cumulative impact of increased
sediment loads in the watercourses down gradient of the site.
In order to prevent surface water contamination storm water falling within the construction
site will be contained and guided into the pit by the means of strategically placed berms.
This water will be prohibited from entering the drainage lines and will therefore affect the
quantity of surface water runoff negative.
Discussion
The containment of storm water within the construction area will decrease the surface water
runoff into the surrounding surface water resources. Thereby affecting the quantity of water
in these resources negatively. On the other hand the positive impact will be that it will
contain potentially contaminated water and decrease the risk of surface water pollution.

15.1.8 Groundwater

The opening of the initial cut through blasting could fracture the impermeable rock layers
and result in the depletion of the aquifer.

Spillage from chemical toilets, oil spills and construction dumping may infiltrate the
groundwater system and contaminate the groundwater resources. Dirty storm water
collecting in the pit has the potential to leach into the groundwater.

Discussion
The landowner and surrounding landowners is dependent on groundwater for their farming
activities as well as domestic use. The potential of the depletion of the groundwater aquifer
during the opening of the initial cut is considered a highly significant negative impact. Due
to the non-hazardous nature of the proposed Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and
Quartz(gemstone)/ mine the potential of groundwater being contaminated is unlikely. It
could occur from oil or diesel spillages but this can easily be avoided by implementing strict
management measures.

15.1.9 Air Quality

During the construction phase of the planned activities dust will mainly be produced by site
establishment operations, including stripping of topsoil and grading of access roads. The
carbon-dioxide emissions associated with the diesel machines are of such a small quantity
that the impact thereof on the air quality is considered to be of a low significance. The
impact on air quality is considered to be definite but of a low significance and it can be
reversed quickly. Dust suppression by water tanker will be employed to mitigate the release
of dust which will lower the significance rating of the impact.
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Blasting will result in an increase in dust and possible “fly-rock”. Construction and
operational activities in the area associated with development and mining activities will
probably have a cumulative impact on the air quality of the area if mitigation measures are
not implemented.

Discussion
The ambient air quality will definitely be negatively impacted on during the construction
phase but should the necessary mitigation measures be applied the impact will be of low
significance. The main source of dust will be from the access road however most of the
construction vehicles will remain on site during the construction phase thereby limiting the
amount of dust generation in the surrounding area.

15.1.10 Noise

The main cause of an increase in the ambient noise level will be during the blasting activities
to open the initial cut. Haulage trucks and other machinery associated with site
establishment will also contribute to the increase in noise levels. The reverse sirens of the
construction vehicles and general diesel engine running noise will add to the industrial noise
of the site, which will be in stark contrast to the natural noise character that the site currently
has. The construction noise will extend from the site boundaries and will definitely
contribute to the existing noise levels.

Discussion
The increase in noise level cannot be avoided but measures can be put in place to decrease
the significance of the impact especially on the surrounding agricultural operations (chicken
farming). Construction activities should be limited to the day time only.

15.1.11 Visual Aspects

Of the planned activities, the vegetation stripping, soil stockpiling and infrastructure
establishment will have an impact on the visual character of the area. There are no residential
areas in the vicinity.

The new presence of mining equipment (mobile screening plant) will change the aesthetics
and “sense-of-place” of the area. Dust from the construction activities will also cause a
visual disturbance that is temporary.

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Discussion
The visual impact of the construction activities will be negative and can’t be avoided. The
impact will occur from the construction to the decommissioning phase. Due to the small
nature of the Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone)/ mining
operation there won’t be high overburden or soil stockpiles on site therefore the visual
impact will not extend far beyond the application area.

15.1.15 Socio Economic

This project will ensure employment of personnel associated with the construction of the
mine, albeit on a temporary basis.
There will be an opportunity for a permanent employment framework, but this is covered
under the section below, operational phase.

Due to the small and non-hazardous nature of the Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone),
and Quartz(gemstone)/ mining operation it should not have a negative impact upon the
value of surrounding land. This is a subjective issue, (in that it would largely be determined
by market forces), and has not been quantified. The overall, residual impacts as determined
by this assessment are such that it is unlikely that a significant, long-term depreciation in
land value would result.

Additional heavy motor vehicle traffic will contribute to the road degradation of the
surrounding roads. However, it is not foreseen that the construction phase will contribute
significantly to the road infrastructure degradation as the construction vehicles will remain
on site during the construction period and will not travel on the surrounding district roads
frequently.

Discussion
The effect of the construction phase on the regional and socio-economic structure will
extend beyond the project area and will be temporary (short term <6 months). It will have a
low to moderate level of significance, both negative and positive. The biophysical negative
impacts will mainly be felt by the landowner in terms of land use and capability and the
positive impacts by the unemployed people in the surrounding area in terms of job
opportunities.

15.1.13 Health and Safety

The increase of heavy vehicles movement on the district roads and surrounding farm roads
will result in a higher probability of accidents occurring. Unfortunately this can’t be

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completely avoided but strict measures can be implemented to decrease the probability of
accidents occurring significantly.

The commuting of workers onto neighbouring properties may pose safety risks as well.

Discussion
The risk of accident occurring can significantly be decreased if the construction vehicles
remain on site thereby decreasing the amount of traffic on the district road.

15.1.14 Archaeology and Cultural Aspects (Heritage)

The opening of the initial cut and levelling of the site has the potential to impact heritage
resources.
Discussion
Damage to heritage resources is considered a highly significant negative impact, which can’t
be reversed and must be avoided at all cost. The protection of archaeological features,
specifically graves is emphasised.

15.2 Operational Phase

The environmental and socio economic aspects that will be impacted on during the
operational phase of the proposed mine have been described below. A description of the
impact has been provided along with a discussion in terms of advantages and disadvantages
of the initial site layout.

15.2.1 Soils

As per the construction phase, the soils excavated will be separately pre-stripped as topsoil
or subsoil and stockpiled separately in a designated area for use during rehabilitation.
During the stripping operation of the soil, soil layers will be mixed when removed,
transported and stockpiled by the bulldozers. Seeds and roots within these layers will be
uprooted and may be exposed to the open air elements which could damage and kill them.
This will render the topsoil less fertile. Further stockpiling of the soil will expose the soil to
elements of erosion such as wind and water as well as risking the occurrence of compaction.

The probability of gully erosion will be limited to the concentrated flow of collected water
points or concentrated flow points (such as culverts) around the mining area. However,
proper berm construction and erosion control measures will ensure that the intensity will be
greatly reduced. The impact on the soils of the area, due to erosion will therefore have a
low level of significance.
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Sterilisation of footprint area could occur through compaction, stockpiling and operational
vehicle movement. As these sites will be actively managed (or be covered by temporary
structures) the duration will be long term.

The potential for soil contamination exists through oil or diesel spillages from operational
vehicles.

Concurrent rehabilitation will take place during the operational phase. The probability exists
that sheet erosion could occur on these areas if it is not revegetated and managed correctly.

Discussion
The negative impacts on the soils are definite but can be limited to the project area. The
potential of erosion and contamination of soils can be significantly reduced by implementing
sufficient mitigation and management measures. The topsoil should be returned to the land
as soon as possible and not stored for prolonged periods. If possible, take the topsoil that
is removed from the section that is opened for mining and place it directly on the one that
is being rehabilitated. This will reduce the time of exposure.
Topsoil should be placed in the two separate layers: the bottom 700mm and the top 400mm.
Apply fertilizers and rip the soil to a depth of 1, 6 meters and at 1, 5 meter intervals along
the contour. This action will ensure that there is a bond between the top and subsoil and
that infiltration of water, whether from rain or irrigation will take place. The topsoil must be
managed from construction through to decommissioning to enable the mine to rehabilitate
the area as close as possible to the pre-mining state. The positive impact of stripping the
soils will occur during concurrent rehabilitation when the topsoil containing a gene bank of
seeds of indigenous species can be spread over the rehabilitated area.

15.2.2 Land Capability

The land capability will continue to be impacted on by the activities associated with mining.

Discussion
The negative impact on the land capability during the operational phase cannot be avoided
but is reversible over a long period (>3 years). The impact on the infrastructure (access road)
will be less significant.

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15.2.3 Land Use

The land use will remain as mining. There would be no further impact during the operational
phase as the land use was already changed to mining in the 5ha area during the construction
phase.

Discussion
As with the land capability the negative impact during the operational phase on the proposed
site is unavoidable but can be reversed over a long period (>3 years). Due to the non-
hazardous nature of the proposed activity the land use of the surrounding areas will not be
impacted on significantly.
15.2.4 Flora

The removal of vegetation as the mining pit extends over the 5ha area will change the
vegetation dynamics. The grassland will be impacted upon by the Lithium ore, Gold ore,
Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone)/-winning. The seed bank of indigenous vegetation
that occurs in the topsoil will be used throughout the full area being rehabilitated, and would
thus become “diluted”.

Alien invader species may further establish on the disturbed areas if a weed eradication plan
is not set in place.
Operational activities especially the screening of the raw Lithium ore, Gold ore,
Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone)/ and transport of Lithium ore, Gold ore,
Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone)/ product to the desired location, will produce dust
which may impact vegetation surrounding the operational areas.

Discussion
Impacts on the vegetation will be on-going from the construction phase. The severity of the
impact will increase as the open pit increase in size. Large areas of the site’s vegetation has
already been disturbed by agricultural activities therefore little indigenous vegetation remain
on site.

15.1.5 Surface Water

Slight contamination of surface water will result from the area being free of vegetation and
the soil being disturbed. The potential for hydrocarbon pollution also exists due to spillages
from vehicles and heavy machinery. The closest watercourse to the application area is
situated approximately …km from the 5ha boundary therefor the risk of surface water
resources being polluted is low.

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Storm water will be contained within the mining area and diverted to the open pit via
strategically placed berms. The will result in the reduction of storm water runoff.

Discussion
Surface water in the area is essential to sustain agricultural activities and for domestic
purposes. Due to the non-hazardous nature of the Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone),
and Quartz(gemstone)/ mining operation as well as the application area’s distance from the
nearest surface water resources (500m) the risk of surface water resources being polluted
is low.

The main negative impact that the operation will have on the surface water will be in terms
of storm water runoff. By containing all the water falling onto the operational area during
operations the runoff within the natural draining lines will be reduced.

15.2.6 Groundwater

The mining activities have the potential to impact on the groundwater in the following ways:
• Blasting could fracture the weathered aquifer leading to the reduction in groundwater
yield in the regional area.
• The potential exists that oil/diesel spills can seep through and contaminate the
underlying aquifer.

Discussion
The negative impact on groundwater quantity is considered to be a highly significant risk
during the operation of the mine. In terms of groundwater quality during the operational
phase of the Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone)/-winning
project, groundwater will seep into the Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and
Quartz(gemstone)/-winning area. However due to the non-hazardous and shallow nature
of this operation the impact is not considered to be significant.
15.2.7 Air Quality

The operation of the mine will continue to contribute to the reduction in air ambient quality
through excavation activities, dry screening and movement of the haulage trucks. Dust will
be created from the localised operational area and the untarred access and district roads
during the operational phase from the haulage trucks. Dust suppression by water tanker will
be employed to mitigate the release of dust which will lower the significance rating of the
impact.

Blasting will result in an increase in dust and possible “fly-rock”.

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Discussion
The ambient air quality will definitely be negatively impacted on during the operational
phase but should the necessary mitigation measures be applied the impact will be of low
significance.
The main source of dust will be the dry screening activities and transport activities on the
access road. Operational activities in the area associated with the mine will probably have a
cumulative impact on the air quality along with the other industrial operation and farming
activities.
15.2.8 Noise

Noise will be created on a daily basis by the haulage trucks, excavation and loading
machinery as well as their reverse sirens. Occasional blasting will also contribute to the noise
pollution of the area.

Discussion
The disturbance would extend beyond the project area due to the haulage trucks and sirens;
it would be a temporary disturbance but it will happen. The increase in noise level cannot
be avoided but measures can be put in place to decrease the severity of the impact especially
on the surrounding agricultural operations which is sensitive to noise such as chicken
farming. These measures include erecting noise barriers near the noise source, between the
noise source and receptors.
15.2.9 Visual Aspects

The visual impact will result from the raw material and Lithium ore, Gold ore,
Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone)/ product stockpiles as well as the mobile screening
plant. Dust created during the transportation of the Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone),
and Quartz(gemstone)/ product to the desired location will also contribute to the negative
impact on the visual character of the area.

Discussion
The visual impact is definite and can’t be avoided. This is an impact that will continue from
the construction through to the decommissioning phase but will not increase by a great
magnitude as it is really only applicable to the specific operational area and not the entire
area at one time.
15.2.10 Socio Economic

The operational phase of the mine will have both positive and negative impacts on the socio
economic conditions of the surrounding area. The positive impacts include:
• Additional employment opportunities for local people;
• The supply of Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone)/ will
assist the ongoing development of the socio economic structure;
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The negative impacts include:
• The local and regional road transport network will suffer additional pressure from the
haulage trucks;
• Damage to surrounding houses and infrastructure caused by blasting of overburden
material;
• Decrease in agricultural potential of the application area.

Discussion
The associated sustainable employment opportunities will be a low positive impact on the
economic structures of the area due to the small size of the proposed operation. The
negative impacts will mainly be felt by people using the local and regional transport network.

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 16. The possible mitigation measures that could be applied and the level of risk.

(With regard to the issues and concerns raised by affected parties provide a list of the issues raised and an assessment/ discussion of
the mitigations or site layout alternatives available to accommodate or address their concerns, together with an assessment of the
impacts or risks associated with the mitigation or alternatives considered).
The table below lists the mitigation measures that could be applied to mitigate the potential impacts per each activity during the
construction, operation, decommissioning and closure phases of the Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone)/
winning operation.
Table 16.1: Possible Mitigation Measures

Potential for
Activity Potential Impact Mitigation Type Residual Risk

Construction Phase

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 Land Capability Restrict vegetation clearance to
Loss in agricultural potential. construction areas.

Vegetation Maintain the best possible indigenous

Loss and degradation of vegetation. vegetation cover so as to provide habitat
for the animals.

Animal life
Harm to Remove vegetation during periods of low

Fauna. rainfall or dry periods.

Construct berms downslope of the

Groundwater
cleared site to trap debris.
Removal of vegetation and top soil
decreases the recharge of aquifers.
Preparation of footprint areas through Salvage indigenous vegetation for
the clearing of vegetation in areas replanting during post-construction
designated for surface infrastructure. rehabilitation.
Unlikely

Avoid disturbance of the habitat outside

of the Lithium ore, Gold ore,
Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone)/-
winning area.

The construction vehicles must remain

on

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site as far as possible during the
construction period.

Prohibit workers from capturing or

handling any animals.

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 Soils
Over areas of deep excavation (Open Pit
Loss of soil resource (soils covered or
Mining) where the majority or all of the
removed) due to sedimentation and
soil profile is to be impacted) strip all
erosion (wind and/or water).
usable soil (approx. 750mm) and
stockpile as berms or low, terraced
Surface water
dumps.
Siltation of surface water due to
erosion of exposed surfaces.
Store the soil in stockpiles or berms of
not more than 1.5 m around
Air Quality
infrastructure area ready for closure
Reduction in air ambient quality. rehabilitation purposes. The gradient of
the sidewalls must be such as to prevent
Visual Aspects excessive wash during storms.
Visual intrusion. Disturbance to the
sense of place. Stockpile hydromorphic (wet) soils
separately from the dry materials, and
the “ferricrete” separately from all other
materials.

The viability of the soils needs to be

Stripping and stockpiling of topsoil. maintained for future rehabilitation
purposes. Unlikely

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 Protect all stockpiles from water and
wind erosion (loss of materials) and
contamination by dust and runoff water.
Clad stockpiles with larger rock or
vegetate the stored materials.

Suppress dust with water during soil

stripping and stockpiling.

Work in such a way with the topsoil

stockpiles so as to create the
impression of an ordered, visually
pleasing pit, and construct berms along
strategic lines to mitigate the visual
impact of the operation.

Landscaping activities: The disturbed area must be kept to the

Topography
Levelling off the ground minimum needed for the mining
Alteration of the natural topography. operation.
level; Presence of vehicles
on site.
Soils During the levelling of the site ensure
Compaction of soils. that the surface water flow is directed
away from the construction area
Vegetation towards the surrounding surface water
Dust outfall on flora outside the resources.
development footprint area. Unlikely

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 Control of the area disturbed during the
Animal life construction phase to ensure no
Destruction of natural habitat unplanned (and/or unauthorised)
affecting the animal life. expansion, with a direct effect on land
use.

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 Remove any oil or diesel spills as soon as
Surface water it occurs and dispose of it at a registered
Increased in Surface Water Runoff. waste site.

Air Quality Dust from the internal roads and working

Dust form is likely to settle on areas will be suppressed with water

vegetation and other operational areas and/or a dust inhibitor;

as dust concentrations increase on the
mine premises. Carry out the noisiest labours as quickly
as possible and during normal working

Noise hours (07:00 – 17:00) or according to

applicable legal criteria.
Increase in ambient noise levels.

Follow the equipment’s operation and

Visual Aspects
maintenance procedures and all vehicles
Visual intrusion. Disturbance to the
must undergo periodic maintenance and
sense of place.
inspection.

Health and Safety

The construction vehicles must remain
Increased potential for accidents.
on
site as far as possible during the
construction period.

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 The location of the initial cut will be
Geology outside the 1:100 year flood line or
Disturbance of geological profile. 100m from a watercourse whichever is
greatest.
Land Use
Loss of agricultural land, change of Blasting must be controlled to prevent
Blasting – Opening of initial cut. land use from Agriculture to Mining. spillage of explosions; Possible

Blasting should be carried during normal

Groundwater working hours (07:00 – 17:00) or
Potential risk of fracturing shallow according to applicable legal criteria;
aquifers and depletion of aquifer.
Apply blasting techniques to reduce
Air Quality shock waves;

Dust form is likely to settle on

vegetation and other operational areas Commit to provide adequate
as dust concentrations increase on the compensation to affected households if
mine premises. required.

Should a heritage resource be identified

Noise
all activities within a radius of at least
Increase in ambient noise levels.
20m of the indicator should cease.

Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

Suppress dust with water during blasting
Degradation of heritage resources. activities.

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 Carry out the noisiest labours as quickly
as possible and during normal working
hours (07:00 – 17:00) or according to
applicable legal criteria.

Soils Define routes for the circulation of heavy

Compaction of soils. machinery and vehicles and restrict
machines’ movement to the necessary
Vegetation Dust outfall on flora areas;
outside development footprint.
Dust from the access road will be
Air Quality suppressed with water and/or a dust
Reduction in air ambient quality. inhibitor;

Health and Safety Clearly demarcate the construction

Increased potential for accidents. footprint area and prohibit movement of
workers outside the footprint as well as
capturing or handling any animals;

No bed and banks of any watercourse

\Construction/upgrading of the access must not be altered unless authorised by
road DWS.
Unlikely

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 Roads should have adequate drainage to
remove storm water as rapidly as
possible;

Land Use Restrict the area of impact to that which

Loss of agricultural land, change of will be used for Lithium ore, Gold ore,
land use from Agriculture to Mining. Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone)/-
winning.
Visual Aspects
Visual intrusion. Disturbance to the Use should be made of down-lighting
sense of place. and directional lighting.

Establishment of additional Socio Economic Employ local works as far as possible.

infrastructure including the mobile Short term employment opportunities
screening plant. Unlikely

Groundwater
Contamination of the underlying Remove any oil or diesel spills as soon as
Waste handling (domestic and aquifer. it occurs and dispose of it at a registered
hazardous). waste site. Unlikely

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 Surface water
Deterioration in Surface Water Quality. Clean up any spills immediately and
disposed of the soil at a registered waste
Soils site.
Contamination due to spillage.
Prevent run-off of water with high
suspended solid content;

Waste should be removed off-site by

specialist contractors for disposal;

Domestic waste will be disposed of at an

appropriately authorised landfill facility
to reduce the risk of it affecting the
water resources;

Use local contractors as far as possible.

Operational Phase

Soils Construct berms downslope of the

Loss of soil resource. mining pit to trap sediment.
Land Capability
Excavation of Lithium ore, Gold ore, Disruption of ecosystems and Maintain a vegetation layer on the
Jade(gemstone), and potential loss of agricultural land, berms;
Quartz(gemstone)/ using excavators. land capability being reduced to
mining. Possible

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Land Use Restrict the area of impact to that which
Disruption of ecosystems and will be used for Lithium ore, Gold ore,
potential. Jade(gemstone), and
Quartz(gemstone)/-winning.

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loss of agricultural land, land use
Clean up any oil/diesel spills
being reduced to mining.
immediately and disposed of the soil at a
registered waste site.
Vegetation
Changes in vegetation dynamics, Dust suppression will be implemented on
potential disturbance and loss of roads.
sensitive flora.
Use local workers as far as possible;
Potential alteration of eco-system
No mining activities can be conducted
functioning due to increased human
within the 1:100 year flood line or 100m
activities.
from a watercourse whichever is
Fauna greatest.
Displacement of indigenous faunal
species. Clearly demarcate the mining area within
which operational activities may take
Surface water place;
Surface water contamination due to
increased sediment load. Construct berms along strategic lines to
mitigate the visual impact of the
Groundwater operation.
Potential of seepage from hazardous
waste. Carry out the noisiest labours as quickly
as possible and during normal working
Air Quality hours (07:00 – 17:00) or according to
Reduction in air ambient quality. applicable legal criteria.

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Noise Should a heritage resource be identified
Increase in the ambient noise level. all activities within a radius of at least
20m of the indicator should cease.

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 Visual
Disturbance to the sense of place.

Socio Economic
Additional employment opportunities

Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

Degradation of heritage resources.

Blasting to loosen the deposit Geology Blasting must be controlled to prevent Possible
Disturbance of geological profile. spillage of explosions;
Fauna Blasting should be carried during normal
Displacement of indigenous faunal working hours (07:00 – 17:00) or
species. according to applicable legal criteria;
Surface water Apply blasting techniques to reduce
Potential contamination of surface shock waves;
water by nitrates released from Commit to provide adequate
explosions. compensation to affected households if
Groundwater required.
Reduction in groundwater yield. Dust suppression will be implemented
Air Quality on roads.
Increase in ‘fly rock’. Should a heritage resource be identified
Noise all activities within a radius of at least
Increase in the ambient noise level. 20m of the indicator should cease.

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 Visual
Disturbance to the sense of place.

Socio Economic
Damage to surrounding houses and
infrastructure.

Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

Degradation of heritage resources.

Implement dust suppression.

Vegetation Limit height of Lithium ore, Gold ore,

Dust outfall on flora outside the Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone)/
development footprint area. product stockpiles.
Air quality
Reduction in air ambient quality.
Visual
Dry screening Disturbance to the sense of place. Unlikely

Topography Limit the height of the stockpiles as far

Alteration of the natural topography. as possible;
Soils Construct berms downslope of the
Raw material and Lithium ore, Gold Surface water stockpile areas to trap sediment.
ore, Jade(gemstone), and Surface water contamination due to
Quartz(gemstone)/ product stockpiling. increased sediment load.
Unlikely

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 Soils
Over areas of deep excavation (Open Pit
Loss of resource due to erosion. Mining) where the majority or all of the
soil profile is to be impacted) strip all
Vegetation usable soil (approx.750mm) and
Potential invasion of alien plants on stockpile as berms or low, terraced
disturbed areas. dumps.

Surface water Store the soil in stockpiles or berms of

Surface water contamination due to not more than 1.5 m around
increased sediment load. infrastructure area ready for closure
rehabilitation purposes. The gradient of
the sidewalls must be such as to prevent
excessive wash during storms.

Stockpile hydromorphic (wet) soils

separately from the dry materials, and
the “ferricrete” separately from all other
materials.

Work in such a way with the topsoil

stockpiles so as to create the impression
of an ordered, visually pleasing pit.
Stripping and stockpiling of topsoil. Unlikely

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The topsoil must be stockpiled
separately and used for the construction
of berms;

The berms must be grassed and

managed to prevent soil loss through
erosion and excessive dust;

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 Maintain a vegetation layer on the
berms;

Implement weed eradication program on

soil stockpiles;

Implement dust suppression.

Limit the height of the soil stockpiles.

Defining routes for the circulation of

Soils
heavy machinery and vehicles;
Sterilisation of footprint area through
compaction and stockpiling.
Implement dust suppression spraying on
Vegetation
access roads and the operational area;
Dust outfall on flora outside the
development footprint area.
Regular maintenance of the operational
Animal life
vehicles and machinery to avoid leaks
Fatalities in terrestrial mammals.
and spillages;
Surface water
Trucks should adhere to the required
Surface water contamination through speed limits to avoid unnecessary injury
Transportation of Lithium ore, Gold oil or diesel spills. or death.
ore, Jade(gemstone), and Air quality
Quartz(gemstone)/ product from the Reduction in air ambient quality. One route option must be selected and
mining area to the desired location. Noise the road maintained by the mine. Unlikely

Page | 93
 Use local workers as far as possible;

Increase in the ambient noise level.

Visual
Disturbance to the sense of place.

Socio Economic
The local and regional road transport
network will suffer additional pressure

Page | 94
 from the haulage trucks;
Health and safety.

Surface water Divert clean water away from the mining

Decrease in surface water quantity. area and prevent damming of storm
water.

Recycle water contained in the pit and use

Storm water management. for dust suppression on site. Unlikely

Soils
Clean up any spills immediately and
Contamination of soils. disposed of the soil at a registered waste
site.
Surface water
Surface water contamination through Minimise dirty water area and contain
oil or diesel spills. dirty water;
Waste Management (Domestic as well as
hazardous wastes) including chemical Groundwater Prevent run-off of water with high
toilets. Potential of seepage from hazardous suspended solid content;
waste. Unlikely

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 Waste should be removed off-site by
specialist contractors for disposal;

Domestic waste will be disposed of at an

appropriately authorised landfill facility
to reduce the risk of it affecting the
water resources;

Regular maintenance of the operational

vehicles and machinery to avoid leaks
and spillages;

Inspect the chemical toilets for leaks on

a regular basis.
Soils Regular maintenance of the operational
Sterilisation of footprint area through vehicles and machinery to avoid leaks
compaction. and spillages;
Animal life
Displacement of indigenous faunal Clean up any spills immediately and
species. disposed of the soil at a registered waste
Surface water site.
Surface water contamination through Defining routes for the circulation of
Presence of operational vehicles on oil or diesel spills. heavy machinery and vehicles;
site. Groundwater Possible

Page | 96
 Potential of seepage from hazardous Implement dust suppression spraying on
waste. access roads and the operational area;

Carry out the noisiest labours as quickly

as possible and during normal working
hours (07:00 – 17:00) or according to
applicable legal criteria.
Air quality
Reduction in air ambient quality. Follow the equipment’s operation and
Noise maintenance procedures and all vehicles
Increase in the ambient noise level. must undergo periodic maintenance and
Visual inspection.
Disturbance to the sense of place.

Soil The topsoil should be returned to the

Loss of resource due to cracking from land as soon as possible and not stored
poorly consolidated rehabilitation at for prolonged periods. If possible, take
surface. the topsoil that is removed from the
section that is opened for mining and
Vegetation place it directly on the one that is being
Potential invasion of alien plants on rehabilitated.

disturbed areas. After replacing the soils allow the soil to

settle for two rainy seasons.
Level the soil profile to rectify
Concurrent rehabilitation. differential settlement and rip the area
after applying the topsoil. Possible

Page | 97
The area will be shaped to emulate the
pre-mining topography and to allow free
drainage of storm water;

Emphasis must be on ensuring that the

area is safe, stable and free draining;

Topsoil will be replaced over the area to

complement the growth medium
(subsoil) in order to meet the two
primary criteria, namely:
• topography management
(stability) and
• water management (free-
draining).

The indigenous flora will be encouraged

to
re –establish itself over time as part of
the
maintenance programme;

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 Implement weed eradication program.

Decommissioning Phase

Geology and Groundwater Replace the soft overburden followed by

No further impact is the ferricrete, compact followed by the
expected. soil to appropriate soil depths, and cover
areas to achieve an appropriate
Surface water topographic aspect and attitude to
Free drainage and natural surface achieve a free draining landscape as
water patterns stabilisation. close as possible the
premining/construction land capability
rating. The area will be shaped (where
Replacement of soils and backfilling of possible) to emulate the premining
the pit. topography; Possible

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Emphasis must be on ensuring that the
area is safe, stable and free draining;

Control the mining to remain within the

agreed parameters of safety (during
mining) and stability (after mining);

Replanting should take place even

though the topsoil will contain grass
seeds.

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 Carry out the noisiest labours as quickly
Topography as possible and during normal working
Altering the established topography by hours (07:00 – 17:00) or according to
reshaping it to emulate pre-mining applicable legal criteria.
environment. Employ local works as far as possible.
Air quality Follow the equipment’s operation and
Increase in dust levels. maintenance procedures;
Noise Implement dust suppression during dry
Increase in the ambient noise level. and windy conditions.
Visual All vehicles must undergo periodic
Improvement of the visual aesthetic of maintenance and inspection;
Dismantling and removal of all the project site.
infrastructure in meeting the closure Socio Economic Appoint local contractors where possible.
objectives. Ripping, landscaping and Short term employment opportunities. Topsoil must be replaced over the area
re-vegetation of all disturbed areas. Topography to complement the growth medium Unlikely
Altering the established topography by (subsoil). Possible

reshaping it to emulate pre-mining The indigenous flora will be encouraged

environment. to
re –establish itself over time as part of
Soils the
Minimisation of erosion. maintenance programme;

Vegetation Unrequired roads must be ripped to

Establishment of pastures for livestock correct any compaction created by the
grazing. heavy traffic utilized during the mining

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 Growth of invader species. operation and rehabilitated with the
addition of appropriate fertilizers, lime
Surface water and grass seed mixes.
Free drainage and natural surface
water patterns stabilisation. Air quality Implement dust suppression techniques
Increase in dust levels. during replacement of overburden and
topsoil and after replacement on bare
Visual surfaces.
Improvement of the visual aesthetic of
the project site.

Ensure that waste is managed correctly

throughout the life of the mine.

Waste should be removed off-site by

specialist contractors for disposal. In the
event of spillage, the spilled must be
Soils cleaned as soon as possible.
Contamination of soils.
Waste will be reduced during
Waste generation and disposal Surface water decommissioning and eventually no
(hazardous and domestic). Surface water contamination through domestic or hazardous waste will be
oil or diesel spills. produced. Unlikely

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 Land Capability The pastures will be grazed and
Slow positive impact on areas maintained according to a formal pasture
requiring rehabilitation and management programme. The land
transforming mining to a state of should be protected from overgrazing.

post-mining, engineered agricultural

Implement weed eradication program.
and wilderness areas.

Traffic over the rehabilitated ground

Land Use
should be limited where possible while
Land use will change from mining
the vegetation is establishing itself.
back to agriculture and wilderness
areas.

Vegetation
Improvement in erosion control of
rehabilitated areas.

Animal life
Positive impact of livestock breeding
and naturally assisting the
transformation back to natural state.

Visual
Improvement of the visual aesthetic of
the project site.
Maintenance of all re-vegetated areas. Unlikely

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 Retrench and/or retraining of Socio Economic Implement training programs throughout
employees. Loss of jobs. the life of the mine in order to promote
long term sustainability of employees. Unlikely

Post Closure Phase

Topography Monitor vegetative growth.

Subsidence of mining area.
Monitor stability of surface to identify
Soils areas that require corrective actions.
Residual impact due to the removal of Loss of the soil resources.
the Lithium ore, Gold ore, Ponding on areas due to subsidence
Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone)/ and lack of compaction.
layer during the operational phase. Possible

Soils Soil samples should be taken and

Cracking to surface from areas of analysed in order to identify problem
Poor maintenance of unconsolidated rehabilitation. areas that require corrective action.
landscaped/revegetated areas. Possible

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 Soils Implement weed eradication program
Recovery of topsoil that will ensure a biannually.
good growth medium.
Establish commercial species on site to
Land capability help the site to become stable.
Return to pre-mining state.

Land use
Return to agricultural/grazing land.
Vegetation
Pioneer species should return to
natural state.

Animal life
Recovery of area suitable for livestock
Weed management after closure. and wildlife. Possible

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 Soils Re-evaluate the nutrient status of the
Recovery of topsoil that will ensure a soils at regular intervals to determine the
good growth medium. possibility of needing additional fertilizer
applications.
Land capability
Return to pre-mining state. All domestic animals kept off the area
until the vegetation is self-sustaining.

Land use
Return to agricultural/grazing land. Newly seeded/planted areas must be
protected against compaction and
erosion.
Vegetation
Pioneer species should return to
natural state.
Repair any damage caused by erosion.

Monitoring of key environmental Animal life

variables Recovery of area suitable for livestock
(i.e. soils, vegetation, and surface water) and wildlife.
in order to demonstrate stability of Surface water
rehabilitated areas. Free drainage and natural surface
water patterns stabilisation; Possible

Socio Economic
The area will return to grazing
wilderness.

Visual

Page | 106
Improvement of the visual aesthetic of
the project site.

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 17. Full description of the process undertaken to identify, assess
and rank the impacts and risks the activity will impose on the
preferred site (In respect of the final site layout plan) through the
life of the activity.

(Including (i) a description of all environmental issues and risks that were identified during
the environmental impact assessment process and (ii) an assessment of the significance of
each issue and risk and an indication of the extent to which the issue and risk could be
avoided or addressed by the adoption of mitigation measures.)
The following steps were taken in order to identify the potential impacts of the proposed
mining activity:

• A detailed desktop study was undertaken to determine the biophysical and socio
economic characteristics of the application area and adjacent properties. These
reports were mainly used to determine the biophysical, socio economic and cultural
features on site along with other tools such as GIS, SANBI, Protected Area Maps and
Google earth.
• Site visits was conducted by trained consultants in order to identify specific
environmental features on site that require mitigation and/or avoidance. The site
visits was utilized to ensure that the information gathered as part of the desktop
study reflects the current status of the application area.

• The public participation process is currently undertaken in an interactive manner

providing the key stakeholders the opportunity to raise their issues and concerns and
point out specific environmental features on site that might not have been identified
during the desktop study and site visits. All comments and concerns are captured
and addressed as part of the BA and EMPr.

• Potential impacts and risks have been identified based on previous experience with
Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone)/ mining operations.
During the site assessments, risks and impacts associated with the specific
environment was identified and is assessed in the report.

The methodology that will be used to rank the impacts assesses environmental and social
impacts by evaluating the consequence (spatial extent, duration, and severity of the impact)
and likelihood (probability and frequency of the impact occurring) of each impact and
providing a numerical score for each. The significance of each impact is determined by
ranking the total score of the consequence with the likelihood of each impact using a matrix.
The risk class for each impact is determined through a separate matrix ranking the severity
with the probability of the impact occurring. Refer to a full description of the impact
assessment methodology in Section 8.4 above.

Page | 99
Page | 100
 18. Assessment of each identified potentially significant impact and risk

The table below describes the significance and risk of the potential impacts per activity.
Table 18: Impact Assessment

ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE RISK

SIGNIFICANCE
NAME OF ACTIVITY POTENTIAL IMPACTS ASPECTS if not MITIGATION TYPE (SEVERITY X
if mitigated
AFFECTED mitigated PROBABILITY)

Construction Phase

Loss in agricultural potential. Medium Restrict the potential impacts as Low Low
follows:
Loss and degradation of vegetation.
Limit the size of the disturbed area as
Harm to Fauna. far as possible

Removal of vegetation and top soil decreases Activities must remain inside the
the recharge of aquifers. Agricultural land mining permit boundary at all times;
capability;
Vegetative Keep construction vehicles on site
growth; during construction;
Animal life;
Groundwater Maintain the best possible indigenous
Quantity. vegetation cover inside the mine
Preparation of footprint areas through the boundary;
clearing of vegetation in areas designated for
surface infrastructure. Prevent employees from moving
outside permitted areas.

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 Loss of soil resource (soils covered or Medium Minimize the potential impacts as Low Low
removed) due to sedimentation and erosion follows:
(wind and/or water). Over areas of deep excavation (Open
Pit Mining) where the majority or all of
Siltation of surface water due to erosion of the
exposed surfaces. soil profile is to be impacted) strip all
usable soil (approx.750mm) and
Reduction in air ambient quality. stockpile as berms or low, terraced
dumps.

Visual intrusion. Disturbance to the sense of

Store the soil in stockpiles or berms
place.
Soil of not more than 1.5 m around
characteristics; infrastructure area ready for closure
Surface water rehabilitation purposes. The gradient
quality; Dust of the sidewalls must be such as to
pollution; prevent excessive wash during
Sense of storms.
place.
Stripping and stockpiling of topsoil. Stockpile hydromorphic (wet) soils
separately from the dry materials, and

Page | 101
the “ferricrete” separately from all
other materials.

Protect all stockpiles from water and

wind erosion (loss of materials) and
contamination by dust and runoff
water. Clad stockpiles with larger
rock or vegetate the stored
materials.

The topsoil must be stockpiled

separately and used for the
construction of berms: the gradient
of the sidewalls must be such as to
prevent excessive wash during
storms.

The viability of the soils needs to be

maintained for future rehabilitation
purposes.

Suppress dust with water during soil

stripping and stockpiling.

Work in such a way with the topsoil

stockpiles so as to create the
impression of an ordered, visually
pleasing pit, and construct berms
along strategic lines to mitigate the
visual impact of the operation.

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 Alteration of the natural topography. Medium Medium Medium
Avoid and minimize the potential
impacts as follows:
Compaction of soils.

The disturbed area must be kept to

Dust outfall on flora outside the Stability of the the minimum needed for the mining
development footprint area. area; operation.
Soil
Destruction of natural habitat affecting the characteristics; During the levelling of the site
animal life. Vegetative ensure that the surface water flow is
growth; directed away from the construction
Increased in Surface Water Runoff. Ecological area towards the surrounding
functioning; surface water resources.
Dust form is likely to settle on vegetation Surface water
and other operational areas as dust quantity; Control of the area disturbed during
concentrations increase on the mine Dust pollution; the construction phase to ensure no
Landscaping activities: premises. Noise pollution; unplanned (and/or unauthorised)
Levelling off the ground level; Sense of place; expansion, with a direct effect on
Presence of vehicles on site. Increase in ambient noise levels. Health and Safety. land use.

Visual intrusion. Disturbance to the sense of

place.
Remove any oil or diesel spills as soon
as it occurs and dispose of it at a
Increased potential for accidents.
registered waste site.

Dust from the internal roads and

working areas will be suppressed with
water and/or a dust inhibitor;

Carry out the noisiest labours as

quickly as possible and during normal
working hours (07:00 – 17:00) or
according to applicable legal criteria.

Follow the equipment’s operation and

maintenance procedures and all
vehicles must undergo periodic
maintenance and inspection.

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The construction vehicles must
remain on site as far as possible
during the construction period.

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 Medium Minimize the potential impacts as Low Medium
Disturbance of geological profile. follows:

Loss of agricultural land, change of land use The location of the initial cut will be
from Agriculture to Mining. outside the 1:100 year flood line or
100m from a watercourse whichever
Potential risk of fracturing shallow aquifers is greatest.
and depletion of aquifer.
Blasting must be controlled to prevent
Dust form is likely to settle on vegetation and spillage of explosions;
other operational areas as dust
concentrations increase on the mine Blasting should be carried during
premises. normal working hours (07:00 – 17:00)
or according to applicable legal
Increase in ambient noise levels. criteria;

Degradation of heritage resources. Apply blasting techniques to reduce

shock waves;

Commit to provide adequate

compensation to affected households
if required.

Should a heritage resource be

identified all activities within a radius
Geotechnical of at least 20m of the indicator should
stability; cease.
Agricultural
farmland;
Groundwater
Suppress dust with water during
quantity;
blasting activities.
Dust
pollution;
Noise pollution; Carry out the noisiest labours as

Graves and sites of quickly as possible and during normal

cultural working hours (07:00 – 17:00) or
importance. according to applicable legal criteria.
Blasting – Opening of initial cut.

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 Compaction of soils. Medium Prevent the potential impacts as Low Low
follows: Define routes for the
Dust outfall on flora outside development circulation of heavy machinery and
footprint. vehicles and restrict machines’
movement to the necessary areas;
Reduction in air ambient quality.
Dust from the access road will be

Increased potential for accidents. suppressed with water and/or a dust

inhibitor;

Clearly demarcate the construction

footprint area and prohibit movement
of workers outside the footprint as
Soil well as

characteristics; capturing or handling any animals;

Vegetative
growth; No bed and banks of any watercourse
Ecological must not be altered unless authorised
functioning; by DWS.
Dust pollution;
Health and Roads should have adequate drainage
Construction/Upgrading of the access road. Safety. to remove storm water as rapidly as
possible.

Loss of agricultural land, change of land use Low Avoid the potential impacts as Low Low
from Agriculture to Mining. follows:

Visual intrusion. Disturbance to the sense of Restrict the area of impact to that
place. which will be used for Lithium ore,
Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and
Short term employment opportunities Quartz(gemstone)/-winning.
Agricultural
farmland; Use should be made of down-lighting
Sense of place; and directional lighting.
Establishment of additional infrastructure Local economy.
including the mobile screening plant. Employ local works as far as possible.

Contamination of the underlying aquifer. Groundwater High Medium Medium

quality; Prevent the potential impacts as
Deterioration in the quality of surrounding Surface water follows:
Waste handling (domestic and hazardous). water resources. quality;

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 Remove any oil or diesel spills as soon
as it occurs and dispose of it at a
registered

Soil quality. waste site.

Contamination of soils due to spillage.
Clean up any spills immediately and
disposed of the soil at a registered
waste site.
Prevent run-off of water with high
suspended solid content;
Waste should be removed off-site by
specialist contractors for disposal;
Domestic waste will be disposed of at
an appropriately authorised landfill
facility to reduce the risk of it
affecting the water resources;
Use local contractors as far as
possible.

Operational Phase

Page | 107
 High Minimise the potential impacts as Medium High
follows:

Construct berms downslope of the

mining pit to trap sediment.

Loss of soil resource.

Maintain a vegetation layer on the
berms;
Disruption of ecosystems and potential loss
of agricultural land, land capability being
Restrict the area of impact to that
reduced to mining.
which will be used for Lithium ore,
Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and
Disruption of ecosystems and potential loss Soil
Quartz(gemstone)/-winning.
of agricultural land, land use being reduced characteristics;
to mining. Agricultural land
Clean up any oil/diesel spills
capability;
immediately and disposed of the soil
Changes in vegetation dynamics, potential Vegetative growth;
at a registered waste site.
disturbance and loss of sensitive flora. Ecological
functioning;
Potential alteration of eco-system functioning Dust suppression will be implemented
Surface water
due to increased human activities. on roads.
quality;
Displacement of indigenous faunal species. Groundwater Use local workers as far as possible;
quality; No mining activities can be
Surface water contamination due to increased Dust pollution; conducted within the 1:100 year
sediment load. Noise pollution; flood line or 100m from a
Potential of seepage from hazardous waste. Sense of place; watercourse whichever is greatest.
Reduction in air ambient quality. Local economy;
Excavation of Lithium ore, Gold ore, Increase in the ambient noise level. Graves and sites of Clearly demarcate the mining area
Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone) using Disturbance to the sense of place. cultural within which operational activities
excavators. importance. may take place;

Page | 108
 Construct berms along strategic lines
Additional employment opportunities to mitigate the visual impact of the
operation.
Degradation of heritage resources.
Carry out the noisiest labours as
quickly as possible and during normal
working hours (07:00 – 17:00) or
according to applicable legal criteria.
Should a heritage resource be
identified all activities within a radius
of at least 20m of the indicator should
cease.

Disturbance of geological profile. Medium Minimise the potential impacts as Medium High
follows:
Displacement of indigenous faunal species.
Impact on geology and
Potential contamination of surface water by groundwater quantity is
nitrates released from explosions. unavoidable and cannot be
mitigated;

Reduction in groundwater yield.

Geotechnical Blasting must be controlled to prevent
stability; spillage of explosions;
Increase in ‘fly rock’.
Ecological
functioning; Blasting should be carried during
Increase in the ambient noise level.
Surface water normal working hours (07:00 – 17:00)
quality; or according to applicable legal
Disturbance to the sense of place.
Groundwater criteria;
quantity;
Damage to surrounding houses and Surrounding Apply blasting techniques to reduce
infrastructure. infrastructure; shock waves;
Noise pollution;
Degradation of heritage resources. Sense of place; Commit to provide adequate
Graves and sites of compensation to affected households
cultural if required.
importance;
Health and safety; Dust suppression will be implemented
Blasting to loosen the deposit. on roads.

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 Should a heritage resource be
identified all activities within a radius
of at least 20m of the indicator should
cease.

Medium Minimise the potential impacts as Low Low

Dust outfall on flora outside the development follows:

footprint area. Reduction in air ambient Implement dust suppression. Limit

quality. height of Lithium ore, Gold ore,

Vegetative growth Jade(gemstone), and
Disturbance to the sense of place. Dust pollution Quartz(gemstone)/ product
Dry Screening Sense of place stockpiles.

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 Alteration of the natural topography. Low Prevent the potential impacts as Low Low
follows:
Sterilisation of footprint area through Stability of the
compaction. area; Soil Limit the height of the overburden
characteristics; and product stockpiles as far as
Surface water contamination due to increased Surface water possible;
sediment load. quality
Raw material and product stockpiling. Sense of place; Construct berms downslope of the
stockpile areas to trap sediment.

Medium Medium Medium

Minimise the potential impacts as

follows:

Over areas of deep excavation (Open

Pit Mining) where the majority or all of
the
soil profile is to be impacted) strip all
usable soil (approx.750mm) and
stockpile as berms or low, terraced
dumps.

Store the soil in stockpiles or berms of

not more than 1.5 m around
infrastructure area ready for closure
rehabilitation purposes. The gradient
of the sidewalls must be such as to
prevent excessive wash during
storms.

Stockpile hydromorphic (wet) soils

separately from the dry materials, and
Soil characteristics the “ferricrete” separately from all
and stability; other materials.
Vegetation
diversity; Work in such a way with the topsoil
Surface stockpiles so as to create the
water impression of an ordered, visually
quality. pleasing pit.
Stripping and stockpiling of topsoil.

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The berms must be grassed and
managed to prevent soil loss through
erosion and excessive dust;

Maintain a vegetation layer on the

berms;

Implement weed eradication program

on soil stockpiles; Implement dust
suppression.

Limit the height of the soil stockpiles.

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 Sterilisation of footprint area through High Prevent the potential impacts as Medium Medium
compaction and stockpiling. follows:

Dust outfall on flora outside the development Defining routes for the circulation of
footprint area. heavy machinery and vehicles;

Fatalities in terrestrial mammals. Implement dust suppression spraying

on access roads and the operational
Surface water contamination through oil or
area;
diesel spills.

Regular maintenance of the

Reduction in air ambient quality. Soil
operational vehicles and machinery to
characteristics; avoid leaks and spillages;
Increase in the ambient noise level. Vegetative growth;
Ecological Trucks should adhere to the required
Disturbance to the sense of place. functioning; speed limits to avoid unnecessary
Surface water injury or death.
The local and regional road transport network quality;
will suffer additional pressure from the Dust pollution; One route option must be selected
haulage trucks; Noise pollution; and the road maintained by the mine.
Health and safety. Sense of place;
Transportation of Lithium ore, Gold ore, Local road Use local workers as far as possible;
Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone) from infrastructure.
the mining area to the desired location.

Decrease in surface water quantity. Medium Minimise potential impacts as follows: Low Low

Divert clean water away from the

mining area and prevent damming of
storm water.
Surface
water Recycle water contained in the pit and
Storm water management. quantity. use for dust suppression on site.

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 Contamination of soils. Medium Prevent potential impacts as follows: Medium Medium

Surface water contamination through oil or Clean up any spills immediately and
diesel spills. disposed of the soil at a registered
waste site.
Potential of seepage from hazardous waste.
Minimise dirty water area and contain
dirty water;

Prevent run-off of water with high

suspended solid content;
Waste should be removed off-site by
specialist contractors for disposal;

Domestic waste will be disposed of at

an appropriately authorised landfill
facility to reduce the risk of it
affecting the water resources;

Regular maintenance of the

Groundwater operational vehicles and machinery to
quality; avoid leaks and spillages;
Waste Management (Domestic as well as Surface water
hazardous wastes) including chemical toilets. quality; Inspect the chemical toilets for leaks
Soil quality. on a regular basis.

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 Sterilisation of footprint area through High Minimise potential impacts as follows: Medium Low
compaction.
Regular maintenance of the
Displacement of indigenous faunal species. operational vehicles and machinery to
avoid leaks and spillages;
Surface water contamination through oil or
diesel spills. Clean up any spills immediately and
disposed of the soil at a registered
Potential of seepage from hazardous waste. waste site.

Reduction in air ambient quality. Defining routes for the circulation of

heavy machinery and vehicles;
Soil
Increase in the ambient noise level. characteristics;
Implement dust suppression spraying
Vegetative growth;
on access roads and the operational
Disturbance to the sense of place. Ecological
area;
functioning;
Surface water
Carry out the noisiest labours as
quality;
quickly as possible and during normal
Groundwater working hours (07:00 – 17:00) or
quality; according to applicable legal criteria.
Dust pollution;
Noise pollution; Follow the equipment’s operation and
Sense of place; maintenance procedures and all
Local road vehicles must undergo periodic
infrastructure. maintenance and inspection.
Presence of operational vehicles on site.

Medium Manage potential impacts as follows: Low Low

Loss of resource due to cracking from poorly
consolidated rehabilitation at surface. Soil stability and The topsoil should be returned to the
characteristics; land as soon as possible and not
Concurrent rehabilitation. Potential invasion of alien plants on disturbed Vegetation stored for prolonged periods. If
areas. diversity; possible, take

Page | 115
Agricultural land the topsoil that is removed from the
capability. section that is opened for mining and
place it directly on the one that is
being rehabilitated.

After replacing the soils allow the soil

to settle for two rainy seasons.

Level the soil profile to rectify

differential settlement and rip the area
after applying the topsoil.

The area will be shaped to emulate

the
pre-mining topography;

Emphasis must be on ensuring that

the area is safe, stable and free
draining;

Topsoil will be replaced over the area

to complement the growth medium
(subsoil) in order to meet the two
primary criteria, namely:
• topography management
(stability) and
• water management
(freedraining).

The indigenous flora will be

encouraged
to re –establish itself over time as part
of
the maintenance programme;

Implement weed eradication program.

Page | 116
 Decommissioning Phase

Free drainage and natural surface water Medium Medium N/A. Positive
patterns stabilisation. (Positive) (Positive) impact
Enhance positive impacts as follows:

Replace the soft overburden followed

by the ferricrete, compact followed by
the soil to appropriate soil depths,
Surface and cover areas to achieve an
water appropriate topographic aspect and
Replacement of soils and backfilling of the quantity; attitude to achieve a free draining
pit. Surface stability. landscape as close as possible the

Page | 117
premining/construction land
capability rating.

The area will be shaped to emulate

the
pre-mining topography;

Emphasis must be on ensuring that

the area is safe, stable and free
draining;

Control the mining to remain within

the agreed parameters of safety
(during mining) and stability (after
mining);

Page | 118
 Altering the established topography by Low Mitigate the potential impacts as Low Low
reshaping it to emulate pre-mining follows:
environment.
Carry out the noisiest labours as
Increase in dust levels. quickly as possible and during normal
working hours (07:00 – 17:00) or
Increase in the ambient noise level. according to applicable legal criteria.
Employ local works as far as possible.
Improvement of the visual aesthetic of the
project site. Follow the equipment’s operation and
maintenance procedures;
Short term employment opportunities.
Implement dust suppression during
dry and windy conditions.

Surface stability; All vehicles must undergo periodic

Dust levels; maintenance and inspection;
Dismantling and removal of all infrastructure Noise levels;
in meeting the closure objectives. Sense of place; Appoint local contractors where
Local Economy. possible.

Medium Enhance positive impacts as follows: Medium N/A. Positive

Altering the established topography by (Positive) (Positive) impact
reshaping it to emulate pre-mining Topsoil must be replaced over the
environment. area to
complement the growth medium
Free drainage and natural surface water (subsoil).
patterns stabilisation.
The indigenous flora will be
Increase in dust levels. encouraged
Surface stability;
Soil to re –establish itself over time as part
Improvement of the visual aesthetic of the of
characteristics;
project site. the maintenance programme;
Vegetation growth
and diversity;
Minimisation of erosion. Surface Unrequired roads must be ripped to
water correct any compaction created by the
Establishment of pastures for livestock quantity; Dust heavy traffic utilized during the
grazing. Growth of invader species. levels; Sense of mining operation and rehabilitated
Ripping, landscaping and re-vegetation of all place. with the addition of appropriate
disturbed areas. fertilizers, lime and grass seed mixes.

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 Implement dust suppression
techniques during replacement of
overburden and topsoil and after
replacement on bare surfaces.

Contamination of soils. Medium Avoid potential impacts as follows: Low Low

Surface water contamination through oil or Ensure that waste is managed

diesel spills. correctly throughout the life of the
mine.

Waste should be removed off-site by

specialist contractors for disposal. In
the event of spillage, the spilled must
be cleaned as soon as possible.

Soil quality; Waste will be reduced during

Waste generation and disposal (hazardous and Surface decommissioning and eventually no
domestic). water domestic or hazardous waste will be
quality. produced.

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 Slow positive impact on areas requiring Medium Medium N/A. Positive
rehabilitation and transforming mining to a (Positive) The pastures will be grazed and (Positive) impact.
state of post-mining, engineered agricultural maintained according to a formal
and wilderness areas. pasture management programme.
Protect the area against overgrazing.
Land use will change from mining back to
agriculture and wilderness areas. Implement weed eradication program.

Improvement in erosion control of Traffic over the rehabilitated ground

rehabilitated areas. should be limited where possible
Agricultural while the vegetation is establishing
Positive impact of livestock breeding and potential; itself.
naturally assisting the transformation back to Surface stability;
natural state. Vegetative growth;
Ecological
Improvement of the visual aesthetic of the functioning;
Maintenance of all re-vegetated areas. project site. Sense of place.

Loss of jobs. Low Minimize potential impact as follows: Low N/A.

Implement training programs

throughout the life of the mine in
Retrench and/or retraining of employees. order to promote long term
Local Economy sustainability of employees.

Post Closure Phase

Subsidence of mining area. Surface stability; High Manage potential impacts as follows: Medium Medium
Residual impact due to the removal of the Soil
Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and Loss of the soil resources. characteristics; Monitor vegetative growth.
Quartz(gemstone)/ layer during the Ponding on areas due to subsidence and lack Agricultural
operational phase. of compaction. potential;

Monitor stability of surface to identify

areas that require corrective actions.

Soils High Manage potential impacts as follows: Medium High

Cracking to surface from areas of Surface stability;

unconsolidated rehabilitation. Soil Soil samples should be taken and

characteristics; analysed in order to identify problem
Poor maintenance of landscaped/re-vegetated Agricultural areas that require corrective action.
areas. potential.

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 Recovery of topsoil that will ensure a good Low (Positive) Minimize potential impacts as follows: Low N/A. Positive
growth medium. (Positive) impact.
Surface stability; Implement weed eradication program
Return to pre-mining state. Soil biannually.
characteristics;
Return to agricultural/grazing land. Agricultural Establish commercial species on site to
potential; help the site to become stable.
Pioneer species should return to natural state. Vegetative growth
and diversity;
Recovery of area suitable for livestock and Ecological
Weed management after closure. wildlife. functioning.

Recovery of topsoil that will ensure a good Medium Manage potential impacts as follows: Medium N/A. Positive
growth medium. (Positive) (Positive) impact.
Re-evaluate the nutrient status of the
Return to pre-mining state. soils at regular intervals to determine
the possibility of needing additional
Return to agricultural/grazing land. fertilizer applications.

Pioneer species should return to natural state. All domestic animals kept off the area
until the vegetation is self-sustaining.
Surface stability;
Recovery of area suitable for livestock and Soil
wildlife. Newly seeded/planted areas must be
characteristics;
protected against compaction and
Agricultural
Free drainage and natural surface water erosion.
potential;
patterns stabilisation;
Vegetative growth
and diversity;
The area will return to grazing wilderness. Repair any damage caused by erosion.
Monitoring of key environmental variables Ecological
(i.e. Improvement of the visual aesthetic of the functioning;
soils, vegetation, and surface water) in order project site. Surface water
to demonstrate stability of rehabilitated areas. quantity;
Sense of place.

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 19. Summary of specialist reports.

(This summary must be completed if any specialist reports informed the impact assessment and final site layout process and must be in
the following tabular form):-

Table 19.1: List of specialist studies conducted

LIST OF RECOMMENDATIONS OF SPECIALIST REPORTS SPECIALIST REFERENCE TO

RECOMMENDATIONS APPLICABLE
STUDIES UNDERTAKEN
SECTION
THAT HAVE BEEN
OF REPORT WHERE
INCLUDED IN THE
EIA SPECIALIST

REPORT RECOMMENDATIONS

HAVE BEEN
(Mark with an X
INCLUDED.
where applicable)

N/A N/A N/A N/A

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No specialist studies were undertaken, as this application is only for Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and
Quartz(gemstone) mining which is not considered to be a hazardous substance, and the site has already been disturbed
through post mining activities.

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 20. Environmental impact statement

Summary of the key findings of the environmental impact assessment;

The key findings of the environmental impact assessment have been described below per
phase of the proposed mining operation.

20.1 Construction Phase

Due to the nature and the small scale of the proposed mining operation the construction
phase will not be of long duration and the impacts will be limited to the areas designated
for surface infrastructure as well as the location of the initial pit. The only activities that
could cause impacts with a significance rating of medium post mitigation are site
establishment and waste handling. The impacts during site establishment have been
assessed to have a medium significance rating after mitigation mainly because these impacts
will definitely occur and can only be minimized by implementing mitigation measures. In
terms of waste handling there is only a possibility of the potential impacts occurring but due
to the hazardous nature of oil/diesel spills the impacts could have significant negative
effects on the soil and water resources.
20.2 Operational Phase
The size of the operational area cannot exceed 5ha because this is only a mining permit
application. The operational phase will result in the change of land use from agriculture to
mining. The land capability will be affected during the mining operation but should the
rehabilitation measures be implemented correctly it has a good chance to return to the pre-
mining state due to the non-hazardous nature and depth of the Lithium ore, Gold ore,
Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone)/ winning operation. There are no impacts assessed
to have a high significance rating after mitigation. The potential impacts on the soils during
the extraction of the Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone)/ has a
medium significance rating after mitigation because it will definitely occur over the entire
operational area (5ha) and could result in residual impacts if the topsoil is not managed
correctly. The potential also exists that oil or diesel spills from the operational vehicles could
pollute the surrounding water resources but this impact can be minimised or even avoided
by implementing the mitigation measures mentioned in this report. Finally the dry screening
process will have a cumulative impact on dust pollution in the area along with the
transportation activities. Transportation of the Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and
Quartz(gemstone)/ product will also contribute to the degradation of the local road network.

20.3 DECOMMISSIONING
The decommissioning phase will be of short duration because most of the infrastructure on
site will be temporary structures. The main activities during the decommissioning phase will

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involve the backfilling of the final pit, ripping of the compacted areas and spreading of the
topsoil over the disturbed area. The impacts during the decommissioning phase will mainly
be positive because the aim of this phase is to rehabilitate the environment so that it can
again be used for agricultural activities after mining. The success of the decommissioning
phase will mainly depend on how the topsoil was managed during the construction and
operational phases of the mine.

20.4 Post Closure Phase

The post closure phase will involve the monitoring of the rehabilitated area and the impacts
that could occur during this phase will be as a result of poor rehabilitation. Therefor the
impacts post closure can be avoided by managing the topsoil correctly during the
construction and operational phases and by implementing the correct rehabilitation
measures during the decommissioning phase. The activities during the post closure phase
will identify areas that need to be rectified before applying for closure.

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 21. Summary of the positive and negative
impacts and risks of the proposed activity and identified
alternatives;

Any mining operation will have negative impacts on the biophysical aspects of the
environment. However due to the non-hazardous nature and small scale of the
proposed Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone)/ mine these
impacts are much less significant compared to a large coal mine for instance? The
following negative impacts have been identified during the environmental impact
assessment:

• Ground and surface water pollution from hydrocarbon spills or diesel spills
during the construction and operational phase;
• Potential decrease in the groundwater quantity if an aquifer gets breached
during blasting;
• Surface water contamination from increased sediment load;
• Soil pollution resulting from hydrocarbon spills;
• Loss of soil resource due to compaction, excavation and erosion.
• Increase dust levels in and around the application area and access road will
have a cumulative impact on the ambient air quality of the surrounding area.

In terms of positive impacts the proposed Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone),
and Quartz(gemstone)/ mining operation will contribute to the local economy but
again due to the small size and short life of mine the impacts will not be felt by a
large number of people. The following positive impacts have been identified:
• Additional employment opportunities for local people;
• The supply of Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone)/
will assist the ongoing development of the socio economic structure in the
area.

In terms of risks the proposed Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and
Quartz(gemstone)/ mining operation is classified as a Category C Mine but it does
still pose some risks to the biophysical and socio economic environment. These have
been listed below:

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 • Cracking and or subsidence to surface from areas of unconsolidated
rehabilitation will decrease the agricultural land capability and could result in
the change of land use;
• Breaching of an aquifer during blasting and excavation of Lithium ore, Gold
ore, Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone)/ will result in the depletion of
groundwater resources in and around the application area; Surface or
groundwater pollution from hazardous waste spillages.

22. Proposed impact management objectives and the impact

management outcomes for inclusion in the EMPr;

The following goals and objectives have been set as targets for the effective
mitigation of impacts caused by the Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and
Quartz(gemstone)-winning operation. These goals and objectives will be measured
through the monitoring programme.

• The entire operational area will be managed as a disturbed area for the
duration of the project.
• The viability of the soils needs to be maintained for future rehabilitation
purposes. The goal is to prevent erosion and loss of top soil in order to ensure
effective rehabilitation. The objective is to separate growth medium to
facilitate the re-establishment of vegetation post closure.
• Minimise the impact of the change in land use from agriculture to Lithium ore,
Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone)/ winning by ensuring that an
acceptable post closure land capability is achieved.
• Minimise the proliferation of weeds and alien invaders of which the invasion
of wattle is the biggest threat. The objective is to control these species
throughout the life of mine so that there is no need for a prolonged control of
weeds during the maintenance period.
• Do not disturb the habitat outside of the Lithium ore, Gold ore,
Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone)/-winning area.
• Minimise the amount of water used during the mining operation and minimise
negative impacts on rain water runoff by preventing pooling of water.
• Surface water quality will be maintained by limiting contamination through
oils, greases etc. This is achieved by collecting and maintaining the used
grease and oil in drums which are collected by registered used oil contractors.
• Water from off site will be brought onto site to be used for domestic purposes.
• Minimise dust generation such that this will not cause a visual disturbance on
the adjacent tar road nor an unacceptable air quality. The objective is to

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 maintain an acceptable dust level. (Total suppression of dust during
excavation, screening and loading will not be possible).
• Work in such a way with the topsoil stockpiles so as to create the impression
of an ordered, visually pleasing pit, and to construct berms along strategic
lines to mitigate the visual impact of the operation.
• No mitigation of operational noise will be undertaken due to the absence of
neighbours within the zone of influence for noise (except for vehicles passing
along the tar road).
• Issues raised by the IAP’s will be dealt with as they arise.

23. Aspects for inclusion as conditions of Authorisation.

Any aspects which must be made conditions of the Environmental Authorisation

The following conditions should be included into the authorisation:

• A final layout plan showing the locations of infrastructure and mining area
must be provided;
• A site specific storm water management plan must be developed;
• No mining activities can occur within 100m of surface water resources and
500m of wetlands unless authorised by DWS;
• No mining activities can occur within 100m of residential buildings and/or
grave sites.
• No mining activities will be allowed outside the 5ha boundary.
• Blasting and handling of explosive must be done according to the
Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1993 (Act No. 85 of 1993) and GN109
Explosive Regulations (2003).

24. Reasoned opinion as to whether the proposed activity

should or should not be authorised

Reasons why the activity should be authorized or not.

Not proceeding with the operation would have a direct consequence in that the
potential Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone) reserve will
not be utilised. The supply of Lithium ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and
Quartz(gemstone) will assist the on-going development of the socio economic

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structure in the area and the potential biophysical impacts of the proposed operation
can be managed to a large extend. Due to the non-hazardous nature of the Lithium
ore, Gold ore, Jade(gemstone), and Quartz(gemstone) mining operation and the
already disturbed condition of the application area (due to agricultural activities)
there are no potential impacts with a high significance rating post mitigation. Based
on the above reasoning it is the opinion of the EAP that the activity may be authorised.

25. Period for which the Environmental Authorisation is

required.

According to the MPRDA Section 27 a mining permit is valid for two years and may
be renewed for three periods which may not exceed one year. The Environmental
Authorisation should therefore allow for the five years of mining taking into account
the potential renewal periods.

26. Financial Provision

The total amount required to manage and rehabilitate the environment in respect of
rehabilitation is R 307 901,63

27. Has a water use licence has been applied for?

No. Limited water is required for operational purposes because it is a dry operation.
Water usage will be on average 308m3 per month with a maximum 616m3. The water
will be sourced from the contract miner. The water sourced can be considered clean
water based on the results provided therefore a Water Use License will not be required
in terms of Section 21 (g) to use this water for dust suppression purposes.

No activities will take place within 100m of a watercourse or wetland.

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 28. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE

The company shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s):

 To identify the potential for emergency situations;

 Through consultation with the workforce and the Mines Risk Management
Programme
 To respond to such emergency situations.
 To draft and train all employees on the responses of the emergency situations.

The company shall respond to actual emergency situations and prevent or mitigate
associated adverse SHE consequences. In planning its emergency response, the
company shall take account of the needs of relevant interested parties, e.g. emergency
services and neighbours.
The company shall also periodically test its procedure(s) to respond to emergency
situations, where practicable, involving relevant interested parties as appropriate. The
company shall periodically review and, where necessary, revise its emergency
preparedness and response procedure(s), in particular, after periodical testing and after
the occurrence of emergency situations.

How Can We Plan?

What must the industry do to properly meet the threats presented by unplanned,
emergency incidents? What processes, equipment, emergency teams and materials
must be available? We need to focus on practical preparation methods, and some
common codes and regulatory requirements. We will refer to codes and requirements
that will apply to most of our readers, realising those jurisdictional requirements are
so varied. There are a few basic requirements of an emergency plan that apply to
virtually all types of emergencies. These requirements are shown in Figure A
Emergency planning requirements fall into three distinct categories; Pre-Incident
Planning, Incident Response and Post-Incident Action.

Pre-Incident Planning

Identify Emergency Scenarios – This activity requires a group effort to ensure all
possible emergencies are considered. Engineers, environmentalists, operators,
maintenance, office staff, managers and janitors, all have a role to play in this process.
Each member of the group brings a unique perspective to bear on the potential

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emergencies that occur at the plant. Using a questionnaire that stimulates
consideration of what might happen, can make identifying these scenarios easier.

Basic Requirements of Emergency Planning

 Communicate the plan to all employees

Through Induction Training, Visitors Induction and Sectional Training
 Review company operations and identify probable emergency scenarios.
Through annual revilements, incidents, accidents and or change in legislation.
 Assign a probability of occurrence and a potential severity to the outcome.
Through the Risk Management Programme.
 Assess the risk, (the product of the probability and severity mentioned above).
Through consultation and workshops with the Risk Assessment Committee.
 Determine the regulations regarding planning for these incidents.
Through workshops and meetings.
 Determine the regulations regarding response capabilities.
Through consultations and applying Regulations
 Determine the local response time.
Through Consultations.
 Prepare for response by dealing with the highest risks.
Drafting and training all applicable persons as to the Procedures.
 Develop your plan.
Through consultations and workshops.
 Select and train your response team(s).
Workforce, Management and stakeholders.
 Conduct drills and exercise your plan and your team(s).
By the Safety Department and Heads of Departments on a time schedule and or
unprepared.
 Implement recovery and re-start operations
Re-start plan and assessments through Consultations.
 Evaluate your effectiveness and improve your plan.
Through workshops and skilled capable consultants.
Your incident history can provide insight into the frequency and severity of the type of
emergencies likely to occur at your site. Industry experience, if available, can also
provide valuable information.

General requirement

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The company should assess the potential for emergency situations that impact on
Safety Health and the Environment (SHE) and develop a procedure(s) for an effective
response(s). This may be a stand-alone procedure(s) or be combined with other
emergency response procedure(s). The company should periodically test its emergency
preparedness and seek to improve the effectiveness of its response activities and
procedure(s).
NOTE Where the procedure is combined with other emergency response procedure(s),
the company needs to ensure that it addresses all potential SHE impacts and should
not presume that the procedures relating to fire safety, or environmental emergencies,
etc., will be sufficient.

IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE

This section provides a brief overview of the South African system for identification and
classification of hazardous waste. Management shall ensure that they familiarise
themselves with this system and classification process as it will be critical during the
operational phase.
WASTE MANAGEMENT SPECIFICATIONS
The Environmental Specification outlined in the sections that follow is specific to the
management of general and hazardous waste on site.

WASTE MINIMISATION

 Minimizing waste generation by implementing stringent waste segregation

WASTE RECYCLING AND REUSE

Further to the above, Management must ensure that necessary steps are taken to
recycle and reuse as much of the hazardous waste generated and reduce the amounts
disposed at the disposal site.

 Evaluation of waste production processes and identification of potentially

recyclable materials;
 Identification and recycling of products that can be reintroduced into the
manufacturing process or industry activity at the site;
 Establishing recycling objectives and formal tracking of waste generation and
recycling rates; and
 Providing training and incentives to employees in order to meet objectives

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SPILLAGE AND RELEASE CONTROL MEASURES

Overfills, vehicle accidents, and tank and piping failures can lead to releases during
waste storage and handling. Mitigation measures, including physical protection, overfill
protection, tank integrity, and secondary containment (banded areas) for tanks are
some of the general mitigation measures. Recommended measures include:

 Spill Kits and hazmat clean-up materials should always be available on site;
 Conduct regular training and exercises for site staff regarding emergency
procedures;
 Provide sufficient fire extinguisher to control accidental fires

FIRE CONTROL MEASURES

 Firefighting equipment appropriate to the type of waste received at the site

should be available;
 Minimize the storage of flammable liquids on site (e.g. fuel, flammable
wastes);
 Endure all staff are appropriately trained for fire.

TEMPORARY STORAGE FACILITY DESIGN AND HOUSE KEEPING

In line with the Waste management regulations and good international practice:

 Storage of hazardous chemicals must be in a hazardous storage cage and

monitored at all times;
 Traffic control measures must be in place;

POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES

In line with the Environmental management regulations and good international practice
measures to adequately mitigate release of emissions and escape of pollutants into the
environment, Surface waste, groundwater, soil and air must be put in place and
implemented. Such recommended measures include:

AIR POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES

Although it is not anticipated that this proposed mining will have significant potential
for air emission release, the following measures should be considered and assessed:
1. Appropriate engineering controls (Best Available Technologies) must be in place;
2. Complaints of potential air quality risks and concerns must be recorded and
investigated.

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WATER POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES

Although it is not anticipated that this proposed mining will not have significant
potential for water pollution risks, the following measures should be considered and
assessed for possible implementation:

 No drilling must be undertaken 500m from a wetland area;

 Hydrocarbon spillages must be recorded and cleaned immediately;
 Should spillage be over a large area, event should be reported to the
department of Minerals;

SOIL CONTAMINATION CONTROL MEASURES

Although it is not anticipated that this mining will have significant potential for soil
contamination risks, the following measures should be considered and assessed:

 Measures to avoid leakages and Spillages on to bare ground and leakages

must be undertaken;
 Hydrocarbon spillages must be cleaned immediately;
 No servicing of equipment must be undertaken on mining area;
 Refuelling must be undertaken using spill tray;

Training

 Documented training and competency assessment is required for personnel

involved in the management of hazardous material wastes.
 Training records shall be maintained;
 Training includes proper management of the waste streams, labeling,
containers,
 Emergency procedures outlined;
 Hazardous waste handlers and their supervisors / managers must complete
training or on-the-job instruction relevant to their duties to include hazardous
waste management procedures and contingency plan implementation;
 Training of all personnel must be completed before duties are assigned and
training in terms of handling of hazardous waste must be repeated annually
and as and when required.

EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PLAN

Sections 1, 2 and 3 of this document have provided a comprehensive background

pertaining to the applicable legislation pertaining to the management of a waste
disposal site and the applicable procedures for characterising and classifying waste.
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The provision of an emergency response plan requires a good understanding of the
waste legislation and thorough handling and management of the waste on site. An EP
& RP has been provided in order to curb and control the risks that may emanate during
the operational phase of the site.

PURPOSE OF THE EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PLAN

An emergency is an unplanned event when a project operation loses control, or could

lose control, of a situation that may result in risks to human health, property, or the
environment, either within the waste disposal site or in the local community.
Emergencies do not normally include safe work practices for frequent upsets or events
that are covered by occupational health and safety. Proper emergency planning and
response are important elements of the site Environmental, Health and Safety Plan of a
Hazardous Waste Handling, Storage and Disposal facility, and that help minimize
employee exposure and injury.

There are a number of regulations, guidelines, standards which requires that the
employer develop and implement a written emergency response plan to handle possible
emergencies before performing hazardous waste site operations. The permit Holder for
the waste disposal site in this case, the company Health and Safety officer must, develop
an emergency preparedness and response or action plan complying to ensure the safe
evacuation of personnel.

CONTENT OF THE EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PLAN

The Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan must be commensurate with the risks
of the mining and at the minimum include the following elements:

 Administration
 Pre-emergency planning,
 Emergency recognition and prevention,
 Emergency medical and first-aid treatment,
 Methods or procedures for alerting on-site employees,
 Safe distances and places of refuge,
 Site security and control,
 Personal protective and emergency equipment,
 Evacuation routes and procedures. and Training and Awareness

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In addition to the above requirements, the plan must include site topography, layout,
prevailing weather conditions, and procedures for reporting incidents to local
authorities, the South Africa Police Services (SAPS), and regulating agent i.e. DEA and
Department of Labour etc.

USE OF THE EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PLAN

The procedures must be compatible with and integrated into the operational
management plan of the site. The plan requirements also must be rehearsed regularly,
reviewed periodically, and amended, as necessary, to keep them current with new or
changing site conditions or information.

29. Administration of the EP&RP

Policy
The emergency response plan should be implemented in line with the company’s Safety,
Health and Environment Policy.
Distribution
This Plan and procedures contemplated in this plan must be distributed to all personnel
working on the site.
Definitions
The procedures must be compatible with and integrated into the operational
management plan of the site. The plan requirements also must be rehearsed regularly,
reviewed periodically, and amended, as necessary, to keep them current with new or
changing site conditions or information.

Organogram
The organogram described in the EMP shall apply to the emergency response plan.
Personnel roles and responsibilities
The Roles and Responsibilities described in the EMP shall apply to the emergency
response plan.
Communication procedures
The communication lines established in the EMP shall apply to the emergency response
plan.
First-Aid Calls

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The company’s Safety Health and Environment officers must ascertain that all
emergency contact numbers (first aid officers, ambulances, fire brigade, police,
hospital etc) are conveniently posted at several site notice boards in order to assist in
the event of an emergency.
Training and Awareness

 Before implementing the EP&RP, the SHE Coordinator and project

Managers/Supervisors shall designate and train a sufficient number of persons
to assist in the safe and orderly emergency evacuation of employees.
 The EP&RP must be reviewed with all employees at the following times:
 Initially when the plan is developed,
 Whenever the employee’s responsibilities or designated action under the plan
change, and whenever the plan is changed.
 All training must be documented in writing and copies sent to Safety and
Health department of the company.

30. Describe the closure objectives and the extent to which

they have been aligned to the baseline environment described
under the Regulation.

The closure objectives and rehabilitation measures include the following:

 Facilities: Will be either left for future users or sold for removal. Soil will be
decontaminated and the site rehabilitated. This will be done on a case by case
basis in consultation with stakeholders and the area will be restored to as
much of the natural condition as it was before the construction phase ;

 Ensure that all areas are stable and there is no risk of erosion;

 Haul roads will be ripped and rehabilitated to grasslands;

 Return the topography and vegetation of the area to an acceptable condition;

 Ensure that no soil compaction remains on site;

 Prevent the alien plant invasion on site until the area is in a stable condition;

 Ensure that no contaminated material remains on site;

 Ensure that the areas is free draining and non-polluting;

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  Ensure that no degradation in land capability remains; and

 Ensure that vegetation re-establishment is successful

31. Confirm specifically that the environmental objectives in

relation to closure have been consulted with landowner and
interested and affected parties.

The Landowner, Interested and Affected Parties have been consulted on the closure
objectives and rehabilitation during the consultation period.

32. Provide a rehabilitation plan that describes and shows the

scale and aerial extent of the main mining activities, including
the anticipated mining area at the time of closure.

 The retrenchment processes will be followed as per requirements of the

applicable legal process
 Ensure that all roads rehabilitated and or left behind is safe in good working
condition, ensuring public safety and access to site and monitoring points
 Any degradation to roads will be repaired with consultation of the roads
department
 Rehabilitated profiles must ensure free drainage of water and should be
contoured to fit in with the catchment dynamics
 Removal of waste and their appropriate disposal
 Facilitation of the re-establishment of the land use and land capability to an
acceptable condition as it was before the construction phase
 Ensure land is rehabilitated to, as far as is practicable, its natural state, or to a
predetermined and agreed standard or land use which conforms with the
concept of sustainable development
 Areas will be fenced off once seeded to prevent surface disturbance to the site
and allow for vegetation to establish and stabilize
(Refer to Appendix 5 for the Rehabilitation Plans attached)

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 33. Explain why it can be confirmed that the rehabilitation plan
is compatible with the closure objectives.

The closure plan will assist company to achieve the following objectives:
 Ensure shareholder value is preserved;
 Ensure that stakeholders’ needs, concerns and aspirations are taken into
account when considering closure;
 Comply with relevant or applicable legislative requirements;
 Limit or mitigate adverse environmental effects to an extent that it is
acceptable by all parties;
 Ensure land is rehabilitated to, as far as is practicable, it’s natural state, or to
a predetermined and agreed standard or land use which conforms to the
concept of sustainable development.

34. Confirm that the financial provision will be provided as

determined.

The financial provision will be provided as determined.

Mechanisms for monitoring compliance with and performance assessment against the
environmental management programme and reporting thereon, including
Environmental monitoring programme.

35. General Monitoring and Reporting

 The environmentalist/consultant/mine manager will ensure that the integrity

of the lining of all dirty water management facilities is tested at least
quarterly.
 The environmentalist/consultant/mine manager will inspect all water
management facilities and associated pipelines at least weekly to ensure there

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 are no leaks which would result in loss of water and that they are functioning
optimally.
 The groundwater flow dynamics will be calibrated every two years with
updated monitoring data. This will assist with management and long term risk
prediction and management.
 The environmentalist/consultant/mine manager will be responsible for
inspection of sites and keeping records of all monitoring activities.
 All incidences and issues will be recorded, as will the actions taken to address
issues.

36. Action Required

Should significant changes in qualities or levels be observed then:

 All medium risk facilities will be inspected to ensure no severe problems occur
in these areas.
 Any issues observed will be reported to the environmental site manager
and respective site manager.
 All leaks identified will be repaired.
 Silt build-up in water management facilities / dams will be cleared and
deposited in soil stockpiles if clean or in residue deposits if dirty.

37. Indicate the frequency of the submission of the

performance assessment/ environmental audit report.

The environmental performance assessment report will be submitted to the DMRE.

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 38. Environmental Awareness Plan

38.1 Manner in which the applicant intends to inform his or her employees of any environmental risk which
may result from their work.

The successful implementation of the EMP is dependent on training and awareness of all
personnel working on the drilling site. The environmental awareness plan aims at:
 Promoting general environmental awareness amongst all employees;
 Informing all personnel of environmental policies, procedures and programmes
applicable to the mining activities;
 Providing general training on the implementation of environmental management
actions; and,
 Providing job specific environmental training to ensure the protection of the
environment.

The environmental awareness training programme will include:

 Environmental induction of new employees;

 Code of conduct signed by all inducted employees;
 Identification of environmental risks associated with each job and job specific training
on addressing these risks; and
 Training on the implementation of emergency procedures where necessary.

38.2 OBJECTIVES

 Inform employees and contractors of any environmental risks which may result from
their work, and
 Inform employees and contractors of the manner in which the identified possible risks
must be dealt with in order to prevent degradation of the environment.
 In general, the purpose of implementing an Environmental Awareness Plan is to
optimize the awareness of those partaking in the mining and related activities which
have the potential to impact negatively on the environment (e.g. spillages form dirty
water dams), and in doing so, promote the global goal of sustainable development.

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 38.3 RESPONSIBILITY FOR IMPLEMENTING THE EMP

The environmental management plan will ensure environmental commitments are adhered to
and will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation measures.

Environmental principles will be communicated effectively to newly appointed employees,

employees returning from annual leave, as well as to contractors and visitors upon entering
the mining area.
The following measures should be undertaken:
The appointed ECO will form part of the inspection team during certain phases of
mining activities to ensure that the appropriate measures are implemented. In the event
of an environmental emergency, site supervisor will inform the contractor to stop work
on the offending activity. The matter must also be reported to the ECO who will report further
and then a decision will be made. Environmental Control Officer will oversee each phase of the
mining activities (establishment, operation and rehabilitation). The ECO will be responsible for
all environmental inspection matters. Regarding environmental issues, an ECO will:

 Ensure that project- related activities are in compliance with the Environmental
Management Programme, contingency plans, tender specifications and approval
conditions, contract provisions or specifications during mining works,
 Be responsible for all environmental field work, programme, and monitoring,
 In case of an environmental emergency, a site supervisor must report it to an ECO and
then a decision will be made to not have the authority to stop a project.
 Ensure that any mitigation and environmental management measures required to
protect the environment during work stoppage follows these environmental
regulations,
 Be responsible for addressing on-site environmental issues as they emerge.
 Record instance of non-compliance, contingency response and work stoppage
relating to environmental issues.
 Maintain records of all communication

The overall responsibility of ensuring compliance with the Environmental Management

Programme is with the applicant and all other people associated with the applicant
(contractors included). The applicant shall ensure that all staff members, sub-contractors and
suppliers understand and adhere to the Environmental Management Programme. The applicant
shall ensure that all contractors, sub-contractors and suppliers are contractually bound to
adhere to the Environmental Management Programme. All contractors, sub-contractors and

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suppliers have to give assurance that they understand the Environmental Management
Programme and that they undertake to comply with its conditions.

38.4 AWARENESS CONTEXT

The workforce, contractors are not informed about the environment and need to be informed
of key elements that the EMP strives to manage:
- Description of the environment and sensitive features;
- Explain simple key concepts;
- Introduce the environment of proposed works area and adequate management
Thereof;
- Provide examples of environmental degradation and pollution sources
- Explain the roles and responsibilities of the contractors, employees in managing the
environment;
- Devise basic principles to manage the environment
- Indicate laws applicable to the management and protection of the environment;
- Indicate day to day preventative measures to assist elimination of pollution and
degradation (presentation is better than cure)

38.5 SENIOR AND SUPERVISORY PERSONNEL

All senior and supervisory staff members shall familiarize themselves with the full contents of
the EMP. They shall understand and know how to implement the control measures of the EMP
and shall be able to assist other staff members in matters relating to the EMP. Senior
and Supervisory personnel are to be identified and presented to the workforce, contractors
during training.

38.6 REPORTING NON-COMPLIANCE WITH THE EMP IMPLEMENTATION

The applicant will as soon as possible, but within 48 hours, report to the Environmental
Consultant on:
 Difficulties encountered with carrying out the EMP control measures
 Areas of non-compliance, or amendments that may be required to any of the
EMP control measures

38.7 REPORTING PROCEDURE

Within 24 hours of becoming aware of any environmentally related problems (such as spillages
and an environmental complaint or claim; an incident of non-compliant the

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environmentally related incident), the project manager/geologist should be notified and
the following documented:
 Nature and cause of the problem
 Parties responsible for causing the problem
 Immediate actions taken to stop/reduce/contain the causes of the problem. It should
be emphasized that the ECO/geologist/project manager shall be given the
responsibility to inventory all the environmental aspects of the mining activities.
These shall include the following:
 Documentation for specific environment-related activities, such as lists of spill
response, incidence reporting.
 Ensure that project-related activities are in compliance with contingency plans,
regulatory permits and approval conditions, contract provision or specifications.
 Be responsible for providing environmental information for staff, and for making sure
that all personnel and contractors understand the terms and conditions in all
regulatory permits and approvals and the environmental management programme
and also incident contingency plans before commencement of the work.
 Be responsible for addressing on-site environmental issues, as they emerge
 Maintain required records for environmental monitoring programs.
 Maintain a photographic record of prior to, and during, construction activities
that have the potential to adversely affect resources of other environmental features.

38.8 CONCLUSION

The awareness training of employees, supervisors, sub-contractors, contractors and

visitors will ensure that co-operation in terms of environmental management will occur.
This will contribute to the success of the Environmental Management Programme.

39. Manner in which risks will be dealt with in order to avoid

pollution or the degradation of the environment.

Please refer to the impact assessment above (Also attached to this report).

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 40. Specific information required by the competent authority

(Among others, confirm that the financial provision will be reviewed annually).
Specific information requirements have not been stated by the competent authority to date and
the financial provision will be reviewed annually.

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 41. UNDERTAKING

The EAP herewith confirms

 The correctness of the information provided in the reports

 The inclusion of the comments and inputs from stakeholders and I&Aps
 The inclusion of input and recommendations from the specialist report where relevant,
and
 That the information provided by the EAP to the interested and affected parties and any
responses by the EAP to comments or input made by interested and affected parties are
correctly reflected herein

Signature of the environmental assessment practitioner

P.M

Name of company

Malac Waste and Environmental Management

Date:

18/08/2022
______________________________

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 42. APPENDIXES

 Appendix 1- CV of the EAP

 Appendix 2- Site Plans

 Appendix 3-Site Photographs

 Appendix 4- Proof of Public Participation

 Appendix 5- Specialist Reports

 Appendix 6- Screening Tool Report

 Appendix 7- Financial Provision

 Appendix 8 – Other Information

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