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Chapter-05 - Introduction To Euclids Geometry (Q+A)

geometry

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4 views

Chapter-05 - Introduction To Euclids Geometry (Q+A)

geometry

Uploaded by

ppghoshin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class - IX

CHAPTER – 05
MATHEMATIC
Introduction to Euclid’s Geometry S
CPP - 05

Multiple Choice Type (1 Mark)


1. The three steps from solids to points are:
(a) Solids-surfaces-lines-points
(b) Solids-lines-surfaces-points
(c) Lines-points-surfaces-solids
(d) Lines-surfaces-points-solids
Easy
Ans. a
2. The number of dimensions, a solid has:
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 0
Easy
Ans. c
3. The number of dimensions, a surface has:
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 0
Easy
Ans. b
4. The number of dimension, a point has:
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 3
Easy
Ans. a
5. Boundaries of solids are:
(a) surfaces
(b) curves
(c) lines
(d) points
Easy
Ans. a
6. Boundaries of surfaces are:
(a) surfaces
(b) curves
(c) lines
(d) points

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Easy
Ans. b
7. A pyramid is a solid figure, the base of which is
(a) only a triangle
(b) only a square
(c) only a rectangle
(d) any polygon
Easy
Ans. d
8. The side faces of a pyramid are:
(a) Triangles
(b) Squares
(c) Polygons
(d) Trapeziums
Easy
Ans. a
9. It is known that if x + y = 10 then x + y + z = 10 + z. The Euclid‟s axiom that illustrates this statement
is:
(a) First Axiom
(b) Second Axiom
(c) Third Axiom
(d) Fourth Axiom
Medium
Ans. c
Exp.
The Euclid‟s axiom that illustrates this statement is axiom second according to which. If equals are
added to equals, the wholes are equal.
10. Euclid stated that all right angles are equal to each other in the form of
(a) an axiom
(b) a definition
(c) a postulate
(d) a proof
Easy
Ans. c
11. The least number of distinct points which determine a unique line are
(a) two
(b) only one
(c) three
(d) common point
Easy
Ans. a
12. For every line „l‟ and a point P not lying on it, the number of lines that pass through P and parallel to „l‟
are
(a) 2
(b) 1
(c) no line
(d) 3

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Easy
Ans. b
13. A pyramid is a solid figure, the base of which is
(a) only a triangle
(b) only a square
(c) only a rectangle
(d) a polygon
Easy
Ans. d
14. Boundaries of solids are
(a) surfaces
(b) curves
(c) lines
(d) points
Easy
Ans. a
15. Two distinct lines
(a) always intersect
(b) always either intersect or are parallel.
(c) are always have two common points.
(d) are always parallel
Medium
Ans. b
Exp.
Two distinct lines can either intersects or parallel. It may be possible that point of intersection is either I
or infinite which means they coincides.
Assertion & Reason
DIRECTIONS : Each of these questions contain an Assertion followed by Reason. Real them carefully and
answer the question on the basis of following options. You have to select the one that best describes the
two statements.
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) If Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) If Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.
16. Assertion : Given two distinct points, there is a unique line that passes through them.
Reason : If A, B and C are three points on a line and B lies between A and C then AB + BC = AC.
Medium
Ans. b
Exp.
Assertion is true, also Reason is true as,
A B C
AB + BC = AC
But reason is not correct explanation of assertion.
17. Assertion : An infinite number of lines can be drawn to pass through a given point.
Reason : A line segment has two end points. Which of the following is correct?
Medium
Ans. b

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Exp.
Clearly, Assertion and Reason are both true and Reason is not a correct explanation of Assertion.
Very Short Answer Type (2 Marks)
18. How many least number of distinct points determine a unique line?
Easy
Ans.
At least two numbers of distinct points determine a unique line.
19. How many lines can be drawn through both of the given points?
Easy
Ans.

As shown above only one line can be drawn through both of the given points.
20. How many lines can be drawn through a given point?
Medium
Ans.

As shown above from a given point infinite lines can be drawn.


21. In how many points two distinct lines can intersect?
Medium
Ans.

As shown in the figure only at one point two distinct lines can intersect.
22. In how many points a line, not in a plane, can intersect the plane?
Easy
Ans.
If a line intersects a plane that does not contain it, then it intersects the plane in exactly one point.
23. In how many points two distinct planes can intersect?
Medium
Ans.
Two planes always intersect in a line if they are not parallel. Therefore there will be infinite points of
intersection for two planes.
24. In how many lines two distinct planes can intersect?
Easy
Ans.
It is this property which makes the plane "flat." Two distinct lines intersect in at most one point whereas
two distinct planes intersect in at most one line. If two coplanar lines do not intersect then they are
parallel.
25. How many least number of distinct points determine a unique plane?

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Easy
Ans.
A set of three non-collinear points determine a unique plane.
26. Given three distinct points in a plane, how many lines can be drawn by joining them?
Medium
Ans.

As shown in the above figures only one line can be drawn if three points are collinear and three lines
can be drawn if three points are non-collinear
27. How many planes can be made to pass through a line and a point not on the line?
Medium
Ans.
Only one plane can be made to pass through a line and a point not on the line.
28. How many planes can be made to pass through two points?
Easy
Ans.
Any two distinct points in three dimensional spaces determine a unique line in three dimensional space.
This line has infinitely many planes that contain it. And also the two given points.
29. How many planes can be made to pass through three distinct points?
Easy
Ans.
Infinite planes can pass through three collinear points and only one plane can pass through three non-
collinear points.
30. Solve the equation u – 5 = 15 and state the axiom that you use here.
Medium
Ans.
U – 9 = 15
On adding 5 to both sides, we have
U – 5 + 5 = 15 + 5
(Euclid‟s second axiom, when equals are added to equals, the wholes are equal)
Or u = 20.
31. If P, Q and R are three points on a line and Q is between P and R, then prove that PR – QR = PQ.
Medium
Ans.
P Q R
In the above figure PQ coincides with PR – QR.
So, according to axiom, “things” which coincide with one another are equal to „one another‟. We have,
PR – QR = PQ
32. What are the three basic concepts in geometry?

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Medium
Ans.
The three basic concepts in geometry are:
 Point
 Line
 Plane
Short Answer Type (3 Marks)
Solve each of the following question using appropriate Euclid‟s axiom:
34. Two salesmen make equal sales during the month of August. In September, each salesman doubles his
sale of the month of August. Compare their sales in September.
Difficult
Ans.
Let the sales of 2 salesmen in the month of August are x and y.
Now, according to the question: Two salesmen make equal sales during the month of August.
So, x = y In September, each salesman doubles his sale of the month of August.
So, 2x = 2y
Therefore, by Euclid‟s axiom, thing which are double of the same things are equal to one another.
Hence, in the month of September also, two salesmen make equal sales.
35. It is known that x + y = 10 that x = z. Show that z + y = 10.
Medium
Ans.
It is known that x + y = 10 and that x = z
Therefore, x + y = z + y [by the Euclid‟s axiom 2]
Now, 10 = y + z [ by x + y = 10]
Hence, z + y = 10.
36. Look at the figure, show that length AH > sum of lenght of AB + BC + CD.

Medium
Ans.
Given in the question, AB, BC and CD are parts of line.
Then, AB + BC + CD = AD …(1)
And AD is the part of line AH.
Now, By Euclid‟s axiom 5, the whole is greater than the part.
So, AH > AD .
That is length AH > sum of length of AB + BC + CD [by using (1)]
37. In the figure, we have AB = BC, BX = BY. Show that AX = CY.

Medium
Ans.
Given: AB = BC …(1)
And BX = BY …(2)

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Subtracting (2) from (1),
get: AB – BX = BC – BY
Hence, AX = CY [By Euclid‟s axiom 3]
38. In the figure, we have X and Y are the mid-points of AC and BC and AX = CY. Show that AC = BC.

Medium
Ans.
Given: AX = CY
Now, 2AX = 2CY [By Euclid‟s axiom 6]
Hence, AC = BC [X and Y are the mid-points of AC and BC]
1 1
39. In the figure, we have BX  AB , BY  BC and AB = BC. Show that BX = BY.
2 2

Difficult
Ans.
Given: AB = BC Now, [By Euclid‟s axiom 7]
1 1
AB 2BC [By Euclid‟s axiom 7]
2
1 1
Hence, BX = BY. [Given: BX = 2AB & BY = 2BC]
40. In the figure, we have 1  2, 2  3 . Show that 1  3 .

Medium
Ans.
1  2
2  3
Hence, 1  3 [By Euclid‟s axiom 1]
41. In the figure, we have 1  3 and 2  4 . Show that A  C .

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Medium
Ans.
1  3 …(1)
2  4 …(2)
Adding (1) and (2), get:
1 + 2 = 3 + 4 [By Euclid‟s axiom 2]
Hence, A  C.
42. In the figure, we have ABC  ACB, 3  4 . Show that 1  2 .

Medium
Ans.
ABC  ACB …(1)
And 4  3 …(2)
Now, subtracting (2) from (1), get:
ABC - 4  ACB - 3 [By Euclid‟s axiom 3]
Hence, 1 = 2.
43. In the figure, we have AC = DC, CB = CE. Show that AB = DE.

Difficult
Ans.
Given: AC  DC …(1)
CB  CE …(2)
Adding (1) and (2), get: AC + CB = DC + CE [By axiom 2]
Hence, AB = DE.
1 1
44. In the figure, if OX  XY , PX  XZ and OX = PX, show that XY = XZ.
2 2

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Medium
Ans.
Given: OX  PX
1 1
Now, and OX 2XY and PX 2XZ [By Euclid‟s axiom 7]
1 1
XY 2XZ
2
Therefore, XY = XZ [By Euclid‟s axiom 6].

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