Scribd
Upload
8 views

Chapter 15

maths selina grade 7

Uploaded by

shelley gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
8 views

Chapter 15

maths selina grade 7

Uploaded by

shelley gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9
INEQUALITIES 1 5 (Solution in one variable) which shows that two expressions are not equal, forms (153) INEQUALITY ‘A mathematical statement, an inequality For example () x>8, Read as : xis greater than 8. (ii) x28, Read as : x is greater than or equal to 8 (ii) x< 8, Read as : xis less than 8. (iv) X<8, Read as : xis less than or equal to 8. INEQUATION (Linear inequation) An inequality involving atleast one variable is known as an inequation. For example (i) 8x> 5x +7 is an inequation involving only one variable i.e. x. (ii) Inequation 3x > Sy +7 involves two variables i.e. x and y. (il) Inequation Sy — 15 < 0 involves only one variable i.e. y. (iv) Sy ~ 18x < 0 is an inequation that involves two variables i.e. x and y. An inequation, with only one variable, is a linear inequation. For example () 7x<8 (i) 5y218 (ili) 8x+5<24 (iv) 5x— 24 > 3x, etc. (15.3) REPLACEMENT SET AND SOLUTION SET Replacement set : Consider the inequation x < 6, where xeN (set of natural numbers). Here, the set N (set of natural numbers) from which the values of x, satisfying the inequation x < 6 are to be chosen, is called replacement set. Thus, solution of inequation x < 6, xeN will be the set of all values of x satisfying x < 6 and belonging to the set of natural numbers. x <6 and xeN (set of natural numbers) = Set of natural numbers which are less than or equal to 6 = (1,2, 3, 4,5, 6} = Solution set for x < 6 and xcN. Inequaltig (Soliton n:De Mata) see e—( 65) ‘Scanned By Camera Scanner Consider the followng table : [ tester Replacement eet | Sottton set N (set of natural numbers) {14, 12, 13, 14, {0,1,2,3} 7 (-2,-1,0, 1} (1, 2, 3, 4) {0, 1,2, 3, 4} 'W (set of whole numbers) | (set of integers) PROPERTIES OF INEQUATIONS Property 1: ‘Adding the same number, to each side of an inequation, does not change the inequality. For example : @ x>35 0 x45 845 Se xe5>8 (i) x28 0 > x+52845 > x+5213 (ii) x-3<5 + x-34+3<54+35 x<8 (v) x-8<3 > x-8+8<3+8>5 x<11 Property 2 : Subtracting the same number from each side of an inequation does not change the inequality. For example : () x45<8 = x+5-5<58-5 = x<3 (i) x+3215 > x+3-3215-3 = x212 (ili) x+2<-6= x+2-2<-6-2=> x<-8 (iv) x4+7>4 = xX47-7>4-7 = x>-3 Property 3 : Multiplying each side of an inequation by the same positive number, does not change the inequality. For example : @) 4>2 > Fxdr2xs = x26 ) <5 > Fx2<5x2 = x< 10 (i) 42-6 = Fxs2-6x4 = x2 -24 x ‘Scanned By Camera Seamer yr property 4 : a (hae Tares ei of an inequation, by the same negative number, changes For example : () X>4 = xXx -3<4x-3 = -3x <-12 (i) -X <-2 5 -xx-5>-2x-5 5 5x >10 (ii) 8x 2-5 3 8xx-2<-5x-2 5 -6x< 10 ( (w) -xS4 = -xKx-424x-4—5 4x2>-16 property 5 = Dividing each side of an inequation, by the same positive number, does not change the inequality. () 3x56 => (i) -8x<-10 = (i) 5x2-15 > (wv) -6x<36 => Property 6 : Dividing each side of an inequation, by the same negative number, changes (reverses) the inequality. For example : () 2x26 = > x<-3 (i) 3x45 = 31> i) 4x2 12 = = -xs3 (y) -8xs48 > Tz ty > x26 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION ‘Scanned By Camera Sanner ___ Anumber line can be used to represent the solution set of an inequation. The follow, illustrations will make the statement more clear : a i << () x>3andxe N og a oot epi [Dark marks at 4 and 5 show the elements of the solution set and the dark an ry TOW at right side of the number line shows that the solution set of the given inequation continues to the right side of 5]. (i) x<3andxe N e 4 2h OST DRT Pe aan SM (ili) x<3andxe W O° ee ae 8 Bat Oras aa (iv) -25,xeN (ii) x- 5 <2, xceW (iil) 2-3 27, xel Solution : () x+3>5 > x>5-3 ie x>2 > 2, XEN = {3, 4, 5, 6 wneud (Ans) (i) x-552 > x<524+5 ie xs7 | x7, xeW = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} (ans.) | (ii) 2x-327 > 2x27+3 => 2x210 le. x25 Scanned By Camera Seamer example 3: Solve : 30 = 3(2x- 7) < 13, where x is a positive integer. Draw a suitable number line to represent the solution obtained. solution : 30 - 3(2x - 7) < 13 => 90-6x+21<13 = ~6x < -38 2, 6x > 38 a<-b > a>bl xs et = g (ie x> 6, Solution set = (7, 8, 9, 10, } (Ans.) The number line representing the solution 2 ee eee The dark arrow-head on the right-hand side of the number line shows that the solution of given inequation continues to the right hand-side upto infinity. Important : “a 7 1 In the same way, if given inequation is 30 — 3(2x- 7) > 13, it will give x < ee Here, if xeW, the solution set will be {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} for which the number line will be as : 1 Also, if x is an integer and x < 6. the solution set on the number line will be This time the dark arrow head on the left hand side of the number line ( that the solution of given inequation continues to the left-hand side upto infinity. Example 4 : Solve each of the following inequations and represent, in each case, the solution set on a number line : () 8x-8<7,xeN (ii) 4x+524,xeW (ill) 5x- 12. < 8, xel Solution : 0} Sx-8<7 => 3x<7+8 155 = ax<18 ax10; xe N Solution : ) 2x-5<352x<345 8 BKB excise xc 4 x<4andxe W = The solution set = {0, 1, 2, 3) The solution set on the number line is : ae to | (ii) 3x4+4>10= 3x>10-4 aie epietice Now, x>2 and xe N = The solution set = (3, 4,5, The 3 i OFF scanned By Camara Scanner example 6 : Solve : oe $2, xew olution : 6x-2 ] [Grae ] > 6x-~2<10 | = 6x< 12 and, xs2 XS 2 and xew Solution set = (0, 1, 2) (Ans.) Example 7 : Find the solution set of the inequ a i i integer. Represent the solution set on ern ine 22 2G8-+ 4, where x's a negative Solution : 9(x+3)-2 > 2a 4 4) 9x +27-2>6x48 > 9x-6x>8-2742 > 3x>-17 wee 2 = BOG le xz -52 Since, xis a negative integer Solution set = (-1, ~2, -3, -4, -5) (Ans.) And, the solution ‘Set on the number line the resulting inequation, when : po ‘ () 10 is added to each side of 4x ~ 3 < 2. . (ti) 7 is subtracted from each side of 2x +5 > 8, +® Iii) when each side of 3x ~ 5 <2 is multiplied by 4. 1a () when each side of 8x +3 > 13 is divided by 6. noiuiee 2 2 If the replacement set = {-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, find the solution set, if: () x<4 (ii) x<=4 (i) x-320 WPe Paes Wp +Ks fies BR a {te replacement set = Set of whole numbers between ~ 2 and 6 nd ‘Set for each of the following inequations : we MW 8 x - 12, xeW. Solve 2(x +2) +9 > 3(x- 1), XEN. Solve 5 < 3(x - 2) + 4, xeW. Draw a sultable number line to represent the solution obtained. 10. Solve the inequation -10 < — 5 + 2x, xel and represent the solution set on a number line. MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE Choose the correct answer from the options given below . 1. The solution set for 8-x23;xe Nis: (i) 6, 6,7, 8,9, .....} +5 <0, where xeN. ee@xe (ii) {0, 1, 2, 3, 4) 2. x <3,x © Won the number line is : 0 (ii) < >) ——a Sat ae om eae Eerie 2” Saas (iii) (iv) < +++ > < + eee eee to, 24 igoe i 2) aaa 3. Solution set for (i) (1, 2, 3, 4, 5} (ii) 0, 1, 2,3, 4, 5, 6} (iii) {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} (iv) {7, 8, 9, 10, ol 3 4. Solution set for 19 ~ 3x > x ~ 2, x ¢ Z (integers) is : (i) ¢. 0.01 j72).8)'4)5)! (ii) (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} (ili) {. GeO, =D, (iv) {6, 7, 8, 9...) 5. Solution set for 2 - 3(5 - x) >-1,xe Nis: (0,2) 10,4, 2) Gil) (8, 4, 5, 6, oad GV). {4 5, 6, 7, some 6. Solution set fort + “54 >x, x Wis: ) 1,2, 3, (il) (1) iii) {0,1 00 ti) (0,1) set for x + 14 < 8x~7, x Z (integers) i oo i ‘Scanned By Camera Seamer (il) (w) anes Rio We Ee , elf ee 456 Sit SIMLd | pe pepe | sereetiS” z Rn Aza set B= | -_ ees “SB 10r Oyen the cPanel ot 19) HR aA (On Hh Bas BEML 9, Solution set for, —1-5 andx < 2} on the number line is : 0 i) € = tm mt i ++ > Se 432 40 12 8 $5 4325072 3 1) (i) — + —+++++> < toe tee - > 4 6) 0-912 Eifo lisa) ayn 65432410123 4 ‘Scanned By Camara Scanner

You might also like