INTRODUCTION: AI refers to the ability of machines to perform cognitive tasks like thinking, perceiving,

learning, problem solving and decision making. Initially conceived as a technology that could mimic human
intelligence, AI has evolved in ways that far exceed its original conception.
TYPE OF INTELLIGENCES

DECISION MAKING

An AI decision-making tool is a software application that uses AI algorithms to analyze data and make decisions. It
helps organizations or individuals make more efficient and accurate decisions by automating data analysis and
identifying patterns and trends. What kind of AI algorithm is used for decision-making?
ROLE OF INTELLIGENCE IN DECISION MAKING
ROLE OF INTELLIGENCE IN
DECISION-MAKING

 intelligence is the result of many things, such as:

 Data/Information available

 Relationships among data/information

 Past experience of handling similar situations or data/information

 Understanding and knowledge

 Our intuition and self-awareness

Intelligence gathered this way influences our decision-making through:

 Insights of a situation
  Application of past experience/knowledge to reach at some outcomes

 Visualizing the impact of outcomes

AI V/S NOT AI

WHAT AI IS NOT ?

In order to better understand Al, you should also understand what Al is not and what it cannot do.

Consider the following points:

(1) Al is not just automation. Al means the use of intelligence and not just the automation, e.g., modern day
automated factories do not mean that Al is being used there. Al is only when intelligence plays some role. Repeated
fast automated work does not mean AI.
For example, a smart washing machine can perform its repetitive work smartly and automatically but it is not
artificially intelligent as it cannot make decisions or learn from past mistakes. Also, it needs human intervention it
cannot work on its own.

A smart TV or smart AC can perform repetitive tanks but unless it involves decision making hased on some data
(fed or collected over time) and learning, and improving with experience. thene are smart appliances not intelligent
ones.

(1) Al is not a single entity. Al is not one entity like a human or animal. It is synchronous use of multiple programs,
data and continuous feedback and Improvisatine.
(1) Al is not emotions. Humans have emotional intelligence. Al so far does not hav any. Advanced robots although
mimic human behaviour yet they can't empathir like humans,

(iv) Al is not magic. It is math and algorithm. Al is not just some digital magic happening. It is the play of math,
algorithms, lots of data and continuous use feedback mechanism, Without data and feedback, Al won't survive
HOW A MACHINE BECOME INTELLIGENCE: A machine become intelligent when it has the following
capability in the form of following

1. Machine Learning: Machine learning is a subset of AI that enables machines to learn from data and improve their
performance over time. By using algorithms and statistical models, machines can analyze and interpret large
amounts of data to recognize patterns, make predictions, and make informed decisions.

2. Neural Networks: Neural networks are computational models inspired by the structure and function of the human
brain. They consist of interconnected nodes (neurons) that process information. Through training and adjusting the
weights of connections, neural networks can learn and make intelligent decisions.

3. Natural Language Processing: Natural language processing (NLP) allows machines to understand and interpret
human language. It involves techniques that enable machines to analyze and derive meaning from text or speech,
enabling tasks such as language translation, sentiment analysis, and chatbots.

4. Robotics: Robotics combines AI with mechanical engineering to create machines that can physically interact with
the world. Robots can perceive their environment through sensors, make decisions based on that information, and
perform tasks autonomously or with human guidance.

5. Cognitive Computing: Cognitive computing systems aim to mimic human thought processes, including reasoning,
learning, and problem-solving. They use advanced algorithms and techniques to simulate human-like intelligence
and understand complex data sets.

It's important to note that while machines can exhibit intelligence in specific domains or tasks, their intelligence
differs from human intelligence. Human intelligence encompasses a wide range of abilities, including creativity,
emotions, and consciousness, which machines have yet to fully replicate. Nonetheless, advancements in AI continue
to push the boundaries of machine intelligence and its potential applications.
Computer vision tasks include methods for acquiring, processing, analyzing and understanding digital images, and
extraction of high-dimensional data from the real world in order to produce numerical or symbolic information, e.g.
in the forms of decisions
Deep Learning: Deep learning is a method in artificial intelligence (AI) that teaches computers to process data in a
way that is inspired by the human brain. Deep learning models can recognize complex patterns in pictures, text,
sounds, and other data to produce accurate insights and predictions. You can use deep learning methods to automate
tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as describing images or transcribing a sound file into text.

The Domains In Artificial Intelligence

The domains in AI encompass various specialized areas where intelligent machines and algorithms are developed to
tackle specific challenges and applications. These domains include:
Data Science: Data Science is the deep study of a large quantity of data, which involves
extracting some meaning from the raw, structured, and unstructured data. Extracting meaningful data
from large amounts use processing of data and this processing can be done using statistical techniques
and algorithm, scientific techniques, different technologies, etc. It uses various tools and techniques to
extract meaningful data from raw data. Data Science is also known as the Future of Artificial
Intelligence.
Data Science Applications and Examples

 Healthcare: Data science identifies and predicts disease, and personalizes healthcare
recommendations.
 Transportation: Data science optimizes shipping routes in real-time.
 Sports: Data science accurately evaluates athletes’ performance.
 Government: Data science prevents tax evasion and predicts incarceration rates.
 E-commerce: Data science automates digital ad placement.
 Gaming: Data science improves online gaming experiences.
 Social media: Data science creates algorithms to pinpoint compatible partners.
 Fintech: Data science creates credit reports and financial profiles.

Natural Language Processing (NLP)

 Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a domain of AI that focuses on enabling machines to understand,
interpret, and generate human language.
 The purpose of NLP is to bridge the communication gap between humans and computers, allowing seamless
interactions and extracting valuable insights from textual data.

Applications of NLP

 Speech Recognition: NLP powers speech recognition systems, converting spoken language into text. This
technology is used in voice-controlled devices, voice assistants, and dictation software.
 Language Translation: NLP facilitates language translation, enabling machines to translate text from one
language to another. Translation services, language learning apps, and global communication benefit from this
application.

Examples of NLP in Virtual Assistants and Chatbots

 Virtual Assistants: NLP is the backbone of popular virtual assistants like Siri, Alexa, and Google Assistant.
These assistants understand spoken language, process user queries, and provide relevant responses or perform
tasks based on the context.
 Chatbots: NLP is essential for chatbots, enabling them to engage in human-like conversations with users.
These chatbots are employed in customer support, helping users find information, and providing personalized
recommendations.

NLP's ability to comprehend human language and deliver meaningful responses has transformed the way we interact
with technology, making it an indispensable domain in the AI landscape.

Computer Vision

Definition and Scope of Computer Vision

Computer vision is a field of artificial intelligence that enables computers to interpret and understand visual
information from the world. It involves developing algorithms and techniques to enable machines to extract
meaningful insights from images and videos. Computer vision aims to replicate human visual perception and
understand the content, context, and spatial relationships within visual data.

Use Cases of Computer Vision

 Facial Recognition: Identifying and verifying individuals based on their facial features, commonly used for
security and user authentication.
 Object Detection: Locating and identifying specific objects or patterns within images or videos, utilized in
various applications like security systems and object tracking.
 Image Classification: Categorizing images into predefined classes or categories, used in areas like medical
diagnostics, quality control, and content organization.
 Optical Character Recognition (OCR): Extracting text from images or scanned documents to make it
machine-readable and searchable.
 Gesture Recognition: Understanding and interpreting human gestures, employed in applications like gaming
and virtual reality.
 Augmented Reality (AR): Overlapping virtual objects with the real world using computer vision techniques,
enriching the user experience.

Applications of Computer Vision in Autonomous Vehicles and Surveillance Systems

 Autonomous Vehicles: Computer vision plays a critical role in enabling self-driving cars to navigate, detect
obstacles, and interpret traffic signs and signals.
 Lane Detection: Identifying road lanes and maintaining the vehicle's position within them using computer
vision algorithms.
 Pedestrian Detection: Detecting pedestrians and other vulnerable road users to enhance safety in autonomous
driving systems.
 Traffic Analysis: Analyzing traffic flow and congestion through computer vision techniques to optimize
transportation systems.
 Surveillance Systems: Computer vision is extensively used in surveillance for security and monitoring
purposes.
 Video Analytics: Analyzing real-time video feeds to detect suspicious activities, unauthorized access, or
unusual behaviour.
 Object Tracking: Tracking and following specific objects or individuals across video frames for surveillance
and forensic analysis.
 Anomaly Detection: Identifying abnormal events or behaviour patterns in surveillance footage, alerting
operators to potential threats.

APPLICATIONS OF AI
Digital assistants

 Siri (Apple)

 Alexa (Amazon)

 Cortana (Microsoft)

 Google Assistant (Google)

 Bixby (Samsung)
Search engines: Search engine algorithms utilize AI to refine and show better results without the
intervention of programmers. You can see this in action on Google if you search a question. You’ll see a
section called “People also ask” and if you open one of those questions, it will spawn two more related
questions below. Google,Yahoo, Bing, DuckDuckGo
Social media

Social media platforms are another common way people interact with AI. All major social media platforms
run off AI-powered algorithms which are designed to serve specific purposes. Most use algorithms to
determine what their users like and serve more of that content, to keep the user engaged. You can train
your social media algorithms to show the content you like by creating filters, or searching carefully for
what you like, and purposefully interacting (liking, commenting, sharing, etc.) with things you enjoy.

Facebook (Meta) Instagram (Meta) YouTube TikTok

Online shopping

As a customer, you may experience AI through:

 Personalized product recommendations based on previous shopping activity or customer profile.

 Pricing optimization based on supply, demand, or previous shopping activity.

 Chatbots to provide instant responses to customer service or technical issues.

 Shipping and delay estimates.

Robots

The word “robot” probably makes many people think of sci-fi movies like Star Wars or shows like Star Trek
with their humanoid, intelligent robots..Robots are used in a myriad of fields to streamline production or
keep workers safe. They handle repetitive tasks or anything deemed too dangerous for a human worker.
Some examples of industrial robots include:

 Aerospace: You may be familiar with the Mars rovers NASA has landed over the years. These are
programmed to explore, gather samples and send transmissions back to Earth to provide data from Mars
that an astronaut would be unable to obtain.

 Manufacturing: The use of robots in assembly lines dates back to 1961, when General Motors introduced a
robot to assist with welding and transporting die casings (jobs deemed too dangerous for humans)

 Hospitality: Particularly in recent years, the hospitality industry has adopted robots to help complete
simple tasks and fill in for worker shortages. These can do things like check-in guests at hotels, mix drinks at
cafes, deliver meals to tables in restaurants, and more.

Create beautiful visualizations with your data.

TRY TAB LEAU FO R F REE
Transportation and Navigation

You’ve probably heard of self-driving cars, whether in a sci-fi show or in the news from recent attempts by
various companies. Most major map software uses some kind of AI to interpret real-time traffic data and
provide routes and ETAs. Additionally, many aircraft use an AI-powered autopilot that takes in weather
conditions and flight data to set the course.

 Traffic management systems take in real-time data about the road, weather, and traffic conditions to
predict heavier traffic flows and congestion.

 Direction apps such as Google Maps, Apple Maps, and Waze all use location data collected from users to
determine traffic, ETAs, and more.

 Rideshare apps, much like direction apps, use AI that takes in location and environmental data to give ETAs,
predict road conditions, and set fare rates.

Text editing and autocorrect

autocorrect and other text editing software. This software takes input from generalized dictionaries and
common use but also learns from your specific patterns to pick up the words you use most frequently and
help you spell them.

Other online text editors like Grammarly or Hemingway App take standards of style, length, and grammar,
and compare them to your texts, generating reports on errors and readability stats.

Fraud prevention

If you have an account with any major bank, chances are they use AI in their fraud detection and
prevention systems. These work by analyzing thousands of transactions, and recognizing normal patterns
so they can flag suspicious activity. These programs can auto-decline anything suspicious and flag an
investigation, as well as notify the individual for verification.

Gaming

 Minecraft: uses AI to generate unending virtual environments and adapt to the player’s style.

 F.E.A.R: uses enemy AI to allow characters to learn and adapt to the player’s movements in game.

 The Last of Us: has a dynamic AI for each non-player character allowing them to react differently to the
player character depending on their specific choices.

Healthcare

From robotics in hospitals and clinics to predictive software used to diagnose rare diseases, AI has many
uses in the field of healthcare. Doctors and medical staff work with AI-powered software to provide better
care to patients of all types.

Some uses of AI in healthcare:

 Early diagnosis: AI can analyze patient and disease data to predict the likelihood of a patient developing a
disease and either diagnose it early or help to prevent it entirely.
  Disease tracking: Using predictive analytics, AI can model how a contagious disease could spread over the
course of time or across a specific area.

 Drug discovery: AI models can discover new applications or potentially harmful interactions between
different drugs.

Advertising

Like many of the above examples, AI has numerous applications in the field of advertising. From offering
dynamic ads based on demographics or location to AI that can write the copy itself, AI drives the field of
advertising and marketing forward.

Examples of AI in advertising:

 Ad creation: AI software can be trained to write copy or even make images based on interaction and
purchase data.

 Dynamic presentation: Many ad platforms allow you to create ads that present different images or text
based on customer demographics or location, personalizing the ad experience.

 Budget optimization: Some ad platforms use AI to help determine where an advertiser’s budget goes,
focusing budget spending on the best-performing ad on the most cost-effective days and times it to the
best-performing ad, day, and time