SSTGNMENT

1
 Q-1 Ex Plain
elay
the Rmcaien os the ProtecVe

bllprotectIVe telaS eSsential deviCes

sedin ele CHicaL System Sase gDard
|eaimen+ CircutS aodPe rsone b detecng
nesPoming abnoYmal Condi4ions
the uncOnS o the Protecive ela are
9iven helow

Lault Oetec 10
ProtecAiVe helaG Continus lu
montor the elecriCaL Systea or faulte
shor circu1tS_ oVe load s and ghaund
abltsohen
Hhey mitla te
they de4ect
ProtecH Ve actions
theseabnonalts

fhe
protecive rela9 1Solaes the a3sected Pat
lot the hy circut breaker
"SConhectln y Saoitches this prevent s
purther damage an Minimi2e
he aul+

visio
 bAO6CAG
tTime Gofadimg
protechiVe relays are often
GPekcie Qoith Seecilic +ine
designed
nsure s thas
delaYs thì s time
o t e m o rat y faults
Overload s the
elag allos Sorme 1olorunce be boe
takim g.

Voltagedreavency
Monitorimg
Somehelass monitor
levels. I Ero
these deviale fon
ama Preauency
speciPied imits the rela y
Prodectye Prevemi damude 6

choni2ation!
Tn PocOer generat10M
ldis+ihbtiom. Systems Photective relays Play
Pnsuring thad ahen CaaaeA0ng.
wo Poase h Sovrcesy the Volta ge and Phase
SynchonizeA 4o Preven volta4e and
reavencymsma tches

visto
 ACommhicatiom
modehn Protecive relaus asie
have CommUmicatlom CaPabies. they Can
4ansmi inlorma tion and Stat) S
Pdates Cen tral Comlrol System, aloung
Corhemote moniBorimg and Controlot
the elec+ ricuL he oor k

Ke cordimgle
ProtectveSelays re cord
System distur bunces
mcluaimg the time Gnd aature os he
favlt. this datais Valuablp Por Post-event
|ana ysisnhul teaunce andSsem imProvgmei

A Protec+ia A9ainst ahnorme

Conaiaome
Seays res Pond to abmormal Comditians
Such 1nderVoltage, overVoltage,mder
as
OVer-reaveme4
heleismain 4ai the the
lelec+ricaL

visior
-Deine protec4e d zome
Lproectiom
20neS
Sustem is diáedm
d. difleren4
SyStem Selectivity the proiecimg

1)
Generatore)
23oer
Loo uol4aye Soo ttch 9ear
tromsforrmer High vo4
SJtransmigsom line
Each zone hos i2s On
detecng the existcnce Pròteckive Je la yfa
each mthet
Zone has its
lbreakers to isconaect he z0ne rom the
hesa
SyS4em
btheaelore Protected zone Can be deie dA
las the Portion as the Pocoer by
given ProteCAiVe
lprotectVO SySAe
4thesO ZoneS Cre

Sthe cicui+
cireyit break@r osthetzane alehute
|nchich. he fault hus
Seen tha 4hese are
overla ps Some QdJelent Zmes. cuit h this
rrangemen+ mot e Hhan One aircult hreakes
thoi oPeratfs whenfault occvYs n Zohl
visioN
 LBu Cohem Overla p Prouide d
then
ho breuk e Coill operate ohen the dault occurs
besee n the two eyions thus the Llind
Spot is Produced Gohen there s

Q-3De schibe the Conseyuence s o[ Shor circurt

shor
lde Pending.
ciryi Cam hauo several
+he crcumstamces
(oaseaDEhLes
Gond se ve rity
af the Cven Here are Sorme
nsequeaces
tlect ticul Dama ge
shar crcut s Cun Cavse
elec+rica ComPonenis
pauipmend

tire Hazard
mos9 Seio s
Shor circut the
xçesiye Crhent laws
Shor Cieult t 9ener qtes heut
ohich ignite heath y flammahle melerials
lauc h Insu la+Or syoood, ar Combu SB iblo g Ses

visioN
 ecoer (utages circutsCan lead
shor
Pocoer Ouiayes in Localtzed
enire elec+ ricaL SySIe m
|eve n n

ttPomam Damael.
Shor circui Can destro
eepliances Conete dá
elecron lc devices and
this Can esult
to the adsecAed circuit
hePairs hePlacemens
Cos+[y
t a t a lass
Cohen shors circuit aRlect Camlites
lGrdele Storage devices, 4heno is a tis k oß
daa LOss Corrnspion. +5)s Can be
Partieularly Problematic Lor ohoSAore ChiHCaL
limformusion On eleeromic deyice s

Salesy Risks
shars cirui s Rase Sakiy isks
hot Gnly the Qotetia ) for fire and
eLectrocotion but also be fawse heu Cun
disable Safe SYSHe(m SUch as
SVch as circut breukeh
groumd cirut nierhupters, cohich
are desig ne d Protect a9ainsi plec electhica L

visioN
 Q- u Define
bsed to
more han 0ne
Called the energizey
lonergize the relay
examPle. yol4a9e Curren
Lor
rela y, freqency for 4he
or the Powet
for the bbiaceA
regueny relay
nelay far alL
helay ec

Q-Sesino oPerotimg time o.f Relay9

the tlme eken the

Relalashe m the ComteLot e
orened) Pram the 4me the Chabactp stic

Q-6Deine he SeHim g ime os Rela y9

Llthetime tokeM the heloy da

the 6genaL Canaitom from
Comaitia m aohepn thehe Suddem chun4e
charac4eristic 30ndidy the
hesefiny tine

visio
 Q-4EXplain

the Unit Sysiens

is a slandakdie
approuch Pxp re,s s electtico
in a Comsisten 0nd 10iVeteaL
estcablishes a o. buse unit s amd dones
the ratios be Goeom the ot vo|4ey e, Cutren
Pocoer. im eedance cnd4ime

Systemis primatiy usea

protec+ionCearabmation helay PO44in y
14 Onsres that Protec-+to devices, Such us
relays fom ieleten nenulactres Ca

Hheir actions
e8sectively
N- )nt System

the
Actua ualye SYSte m 0ses actua
rea l-Coorld
Such Current Pocoer ft

yaleS

isioN
 The SyS1em
is Playing real-ime
Paranefers
Soi+chgear Cont tol
abou he CLCtual oPeka4im y
4he elearlcoL

the CurreM
ai9h+ be
am Petes (A
Cm or kilo Ampe tes 4a rePrespms
hro22tne
cire)L+

Qs Deschibe Prinar Protectiom anabck

Proteciiom

back ue Protec+ten
ProteC4ios provided the
Primary rela beck 12e
s Provided bythe relay )

4he duy erimary helas o hut

zome 1sola+e 4heaulty elemenis,
he tho
Primary relay fails o OPera+es
Cny reeson Pratective scheme
+o Cleur he Láult , this s also
Calle À Se Co nd ary Pratectlom.

visior
 enthe a1 4 CcUrs nthe SHstem

eprimay
the S9S4em
and h e celay Operu4es n the Specified
eriod an a 4kips the circuit breaker the
Protec+iOn also cuorkimg
Soon as he la occurs

GPerutmg 4ne o the

Protecon iss tep+ anote tha thut ot the
S9Sp m So cwhen the fa:
primary
Cleaed the Pripaty relay the
relay oPerat es aster
clears the

visioN