Instructional Planning

(The process of systematically planning, developing, evaluating and managing the instructional
process by using principles of teaching and learning - D.O. 42, s. 2016)
Detailed Lesson Plan (DLP)

School Esperanza Senior High School Grade Level 11

Teacher Daisy Pao Learning Area Business

Mathematics
Time 7:30 - 8:20 am G11-Endurance Quarter Quarter 1 - Week 3

Dates/Days Sep. 11-15, 2023 (MTThF) Semester First Semester

I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standards The learners demonstrate an understanding of key concepts of ratio and
proportion
B. Performance Standards The learners are able to
1. formulate and solve problems involving ratio and proportion
2. use the concept of proportion in making life decisions
C. Learning Competencies / The learner should be able to:
Objectives  Identify the different kinds of proportions and write examples of real-life
situations for each
Write the LC code for each ABM_BM11RP-Ic-3
Kinds of Proportion
II. CONTENT
III. LEARNING RESOURCES
A. References
1. Teacher’s Guide pages TG pp. 49-58
2. Learner’s Materials Pages Business Mathematics Quarter 1 – Module 3 pp. 1-12
3. Textbook Pages
4. Additional Materials from https://fnhs.edu.ph/
Learning Resource (LR) portal https://www.studocu.com/ph

B. Other Learning Resources Laptop, PowerPoint, DLP/TV, video

V. PROCEDURES
Preliminary Activity:
Introductory Activity I. Opening Prayer
II. Checking of attendance
III. Students are instructed to pick up trash on the floor instilling the value of
cleanliness. The students are also encouraged to arrange their chairs properly
to facilitate orderliness in the classroom.
VI. Review of the previous lesson
Activity 1: MOTIVATION (Day 1)
Activity/Strategy
Mila, Brenda, and Pauline decided to invest ₱100,000.00 in a burger shop
business along Fil-Am Avenue, Fatima, General Santos City. The table shows the
the specific amount of their investment.

Questions:
1. What is the ratio of Mila’s investment to the whole investment?
2. What is the ratio of Brenda’s investment to the whole investment?
 3. What is the ratio of Pauline’s investment to Mila’s investment?

The students will solve the given problem individually and will answer it on the
board showing their solutions.

Activity 2: Know Me First! (Day 2)

Direction: State if the following equations and situations illustrate direct, inverse, or
partitive proportion. Write your answer under the kinds of proportion column.

Activity 4: Think it over

Analysis Many real-world situations demonstrate proportions. Some of these you may not
even be aware of. Some situations/examples are the following:
A. Mark reads 10 pages of a manuscript in 15 minutes. At this rate, how
many pages will he read in 25 minutes?
B. When baking, 3 cups of flour require 5 eggs. If you make cookies
requiring 5 cups of flour, how many eggs will you need?
C. Marty is paid PhP880 per two hours of lecture. In a week, he lectures for
9 hours. How much would he be paid?

Let the students analyze the situations given. The teacher will give the solution to
each problem.
Specific Learning Objectives:
Abstraction At the end of the unit, the learner will be able to:
• Write proportions illustrating real-life situations;
• Define and give examples of a proportion;

Kinds of Proportion

A RATIO is a comparison of two numbers or measurements. The terms of the ratio

are the numbers or measurements being compared. The expression 1:2 (read as
“one is to two”), ½, 1÷2, indicate ratios. We are comparing the relationship
between 1 and 2. When we are asked to give the ratio of Mila’s investment to the
whole investment, the answer is ₱50,000: ₱100,000. Expressing it in simplified
form, we get 1:2, where 1 represents her investment and 2 refers to the total
investment.

Examples:
Express the following in terms of ratio:
a. A certain store serves three flavors of ice cream: 4 parts strawberry, 6
parts mango, and 11 parts chocolate.
Solution: The ratio of ice cream flavors is 4:6:11.
b. A small merchandise has 12 female and 20 male employees. What is the
ratio of female employees to male employees?
Solution: The ratio of female employees to male employees is 3:5.
Since there are 12 female employees and 20 male employees,
12 4 3 3
We have = x =
20 4 5 5
What is proportion?
An equation showing two ratios that are equal is called a proportion. It
can be written in two ways:
 Since the two ratios are equal, the product of the means is equal to the
product of the extremes.

Illustrative Example 1: In the proportion 15:35 = x:70, what is x?

Illustrative Example 2:
One (1) dozen of apples costs ₱240. How much does three (3) dozens cost?
Solution: 1 dozen of apples: cost of one dozen = 3 dozens of apples:
cost of 3 dozens

Kinds of Proportion

ratio is equal to a constant value. Say, 𝑦 is directly proportional to 𝑥

1. Direct Proportion. It is the relationship between two variables when their

when the equation takes the form: 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥, where k is the constant term.
In this
proportion, an increase of one variable will also an increase in the other
variable, and a decrease in one variable will also decrease the other.

The number of computers is directly proportional to the number of

students since as the number of computers increases, the number of
students also increases with the constant value of 3.

Sample word problem:

If 10 cactus plants cost ₱2,000.00 then how much do 8 cactus plants cost?

The total amount of sales is directly proportional to the number of cactus sold.
We see that the greater the number of cactus, the higher is the total cost.
Take a look on this ratio:
 Cactus: cost = cactus: cost
10:2000 = 8:𝒙
If 10 cactus plants cost ₱2,000.00, it is expected that the cost of 8 cactus
plants will be lesser than ₱2,000.00. In the problem, the number of cactus
plants and total cost are directly proportional hence the more cactus you buy,
the higher the cost will be or the lesser cactus you buy, the lower the cost.

variables when their product is equal to a constant value. Say, 𝑦 is

2. Inverse or Indirect Proportion. It is the relationship between two

inversely proportional to x when the equation takes the form: 𝑦 = 𝑘/𝑥,

where k is the constant term, or k=x*y. This means that the two values x
and y are inversely or indirectly proportional to each other, such that if x
increases then y decreases or if x decreases, y increases.

The number of persons needed to do the work is inversely proportional to the

number of days needed to finish the work. Since the number of persons
needed to do the job increases, the number of working days should decrease.

Sample word problem:

In a Top Spray Bottle factory, 2 employees can manufacture 20 bottles of
spray in one hour. How long will it take 5 people to manufacture 20 bottles?

Take a look on this ratio:

2:5 = 𝒙:1
employee: employee = hour: hour

If 2 employees can finish 20 bottles in one hour, then five employees will take
less than an hour to manufacture 20 bottles. We see that more workers on a
job would reduce the time to complete the task.

3. Partitive Proportion. A whole is divided into parts that is proportioned

into equal or unequal ratios.

Sample word problem:

Karen wants to donate her collection of figurines to her four friends in the
ratio of 1:3:3:5. She has a total of 96 figurines. If her best friend wants the
most number of figurines, how many figurines will she get?

Take a look on this ratio:

Friend A: Friend B: Friend C: Friend D = 1:3:3:5
In the problem, the total number of figurines is partitioned or divided into
unequal ratio of 1:3:3:5, thus making use of partitive proportions.

Activity 5. Find Me!

Application Direction: Give what is being asked in the following problem. All answers must be
In simplified form.
1. Express the sentence into ratio: In selling personalized cakes, the cost of
 packaging is ₱60.00 and the cost of ingredients is ₱340.00.
2. Cheska participates in a baking contest. During the competition, Cheska made
sure she put 2 cups of sugar and 4 eggs on every cake. What would be the
ratio of the cups of sugar to the number of eggs if she baked 4 cakes?
3. Liza, Kathryn and Nadine are partners. Their capital balances are ₱20,000.00
₱40,000.00 and ₱30,000.00 respectively. What is their capital ratio?

Activity 6: Tell Me More!

Direction: Identify if the given problem illustrates a direct proportion, inverse
proportion or partitive proportion.
1. An artisan bread maker uses 2,000 grams of flour to make 4 loaves of
handcrafted bread. How many grams of flour is needed to make 2 loaves
of bread?
2. If Mang Gorio wants to give ₱5,000.00 to his four children in the ratio of
1:2:3:4 for their weekend allowance, how much will each of the four
children receive?
3. It takes 4 mechanics to repair a car for 6 hours. How long will it take for 7
mechanics to do the repair, if they work at the same rate?

Pen and Paper Test

Assessment I. Fill in the blanks.
1. _______________ is a comparison of two numbers or measurements.
2. An equation showing two ratios that are equal is called a _________. It
can be written in two ways.
3. Since the two ratios are equal, the product of the ______is equal to the
product of the _______.
4. The two ways of writing a proportion are __________,
5. and ________________.
6. A whole is divided into parts that is proportioned into equal or unequal
ratios is called ____________.
7. ______________is the relationship between two variables when their
product is equal to a constant value.
8. ____________is the relationship between two variables when their ratio
is equal to a constant value.
9. In the proportion 3:5 = 6:10, the means are _____ and ______.
10. A number is inversely proportionate to another when one variable
decreases, the other variable ________.
II. Choose the letter of the following real-life situations and problems that illustrates
direct, inverse and partitive proportion.

`
Assignment/Agreement

V. REMARKS

VI. REFLECTION
A. No. of learners who earned 80%
on the formative assessment.
B. No. of learners who require
additional activities for remediation.
 C. Did the remedial lessons work?
No. of learners who have caught up
with the lesson.
D. No. of learners who continue to
require remediation.
E. Which of my teaching strategies
worked well? Why did these work?
F. What difficulties did I encounter
which my principal or supervisor
can help me solve?
G. What innovation or localized
materials did I use/discover which I
wish to share with other teachers?

Prepared by: Checked by:

DAISY O. PAO RECHIE A. LAZALITA

Teacher II School Principal I