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Power Series PDF

Real analysis lecture notes

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Sadeed PK
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18 views

Power Series PDF

Real analysis lecture notes

Uploaded by

Sadeed PK
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Power Sestes, A sevfog << f} Ps devel Je be a Pouery Borior, Lory vEWES < V . Te Gn oe ( rohene WER anrtt fe, callea| G Pours Seton, 0 | oO | She Powed geyfeg st nN Veund O | jNoler SE ay la-ol*. whee © & & Constany ae | Called — the — Power SerPeg around ¢ . | = One = Apt UN+ Ayx?y as “Mvergence of Pewsey Sees FW 4-0 , we may observe Toy S Annet 2 @ =o ° > x0 % Always A Perot of Convergence of Zann the Following Ae the Posse Cages of CoNVEN gence las ann" | Wis Ana Ps 3 Convengens Only at x= 0 @) SZ anxt Fs Comnengent at every eR | BD Zagee™ can converge on a beunelee} i 1S, ” Centred ad 0 Pt Carn ibe. open , closed a if open. (rR) > & att ) 4 ror Posse diag => Saaleal a p> Recltug af conweageace — N Vay the Powntey coal) Te ag ted { FR Bao swe Sed Re boe and FP Re ree we eh Ro) theory | (1) the Power gorteg converges Loy IX JeR Averges Pov [x] >R wi) de Yooe t | Obaewve thy Sf Reo Then Ted mend (8) ap PS A Vachus Sodernent Od ACK beg en He Fy Vacoud eines stateren, ‘ Now Jey Xe tem sup lanzt [° Sh? > leh lim sup an] IB C9 we txt \ R when 02 R< mw * by AM yoot dogs the seonfes S agg comerges Pov Kye <) fe, Loy bol R oy Inte p Cade 1; sil ve The Poeoen aéaPeg’ = AHH areal Awerqus By My sy . fe, tel? . ’ “TR yI | 1% toy Ix] >R case- ll? when =o ef Reo then (B= +0 wheye Kpetn > tbe Power Series = ann diverges fe every Non- zero Yeal Numbey &® Cage — ih PP Rete le} Ream then Sel Bo go fr hs Cage Keo RL > Re? ? @ thig fe waong , Seause gi fe the Coe PeRany Op na not oclt - fe need to ‘handle thtg sextes ors Sachs Ys OF the certes ao be wrPltienag an n oa Oe yk ; ooherve. %Ee 2°” andl Ae re NPs oh A meutppre OP B P01 Fok DO MOCLEP Leto. Gg = {' Ss eK . qk D=3kK. We wil Caleulage B by 49P29 Ine cay OC UL ECO . zeve, (eas, SeQUeN fe, the {cent af afro zero deme wee y Ed 3) Hence tne Vv, coy xe | ° : 3 ee Rrenge “ ete eohteh alRerges ~~ as » nm He bgt (aby Ld ema a i aa fu ial heh digelelles 3 Toderves of Convergence (a3 , 03 3) 7 Etnel the convergence Seqleg of. Convergence of Zs, co (2-1 n ley Ys wt Ze tae A IM aye a ae B= ; «bn Frees 2 Iron] ey aS S| +} ~) Rel oy p. ; a p > Re} YD he Powey series 2 & oo "yo converges fey ly/ Ra “5 = te Camven yennce Pou felx2 lem Ane} an uence the Fowed Seales * Foy GH 2 = \ Z loge)": Z@ow)* - Zeer 2 on Ceara ore by compesyPso best Wes — aeNVerges , ff w= 2 < _t n Cl © eae (25 sy Alderimed pe Y*oed?as sthenyer) Converge . pence the Podeoved ef cpovergence % [-2,7] roa) ( 7 _ ul nm 7 | 32 Qn = x s) |) (aon )F baat. ben 3. n+) 8 oa an > Bt yo : 7D an = 6. —e4 be Hees k= 67> <2 7 cacn FENPES CODVENGEDCE fo xp < = 3 s et = 5 Ps dfuerges - Bee epee ieee n. (4) 2 | converges, Se the Intenyed of Coevergence Fs [7 a) “)) cone tten {04 In = i yet! fm) | Ana) (=) | Zo Bio? ue a ei" 7 oy 4 man > Re gra, $C %=4 ~ fr (- fs, Converger? ea. Fig eget mae nn? yn 2M ho oee~4 Cig v1 1 a Auer aenyll , Genverqeny - iat n a (2 of 5 3e¢ ¢ pe a dhe Prd ered mf Conpouqen ce & he ry . (2) T Pod ine Yat af! Beas efeamire the exact (9 FS Via oct (ten Gath |e [no V4! Je dl } nN) 90 de 1 carr Pogted Of MORNE years eo! then ewe ge0res eonvedge mce for lxeley top Lele nme “l- EMR Arey es: 2 N 3 teh wend 7 : S Vi te 2S aR Aivevgee Z L . ‘ 7 -letD- Henee, the Prodoy Ve Of corrergence C-uO (i == ie ot ae v, , , ‘ 7) = - 9 (aq - fn nV ) nie 9, rt leer sep C any - tw (ee) 5) R-L- ! ? Pp yence the Pewer JexFes corvedy# OF — Roy [x] les O11,2, | 4 ee | ~ my 44 8 7 lon ey ee sae 2 koro : ey of any VPenkhe of the Sequence Fe 6,24 4 a brn mpl Ary 7 ec rL On) = Now| Bow | an Eee . [dors Js AF) fu OT) (See er ee : “(ery 5 | Geert 931 Pe! S| =f Graton) ae ae ad Te a (44 2 Uy. 9. (7)? ° : (ss Ltens } of thog Sequence elepenclenal s i ne ode ov even, the swe ee Ne aK ke ot?, i” J = I OK SS ae 3 (4) | : = ¥, MK 1! kam} -} a bm ¥(4y*e Fan leony? 4 > K Now we howe N= Qkat , ee oH kr) 2 eh Ce PA) a. 2 et ie Gs aeyey - J Qpk+) é S 7 & gike! = | fexee K+ > ———F* g?k+! Now we have lin S| 2K42) ky 400 = +o whe 2.3 =. kyo 2K+1 Nence sed of w Inarfs of the Sequence ' °5 Jo, +08 . 7 * bam sup] S041 = +0 a a Lem tof |: eet] =0 DoS ay _APuenges because eve hae 6 Be lem sup { ay] = Ves Ret. ss & ‘ Hence ere 2 by theaver) 93.1 th?s Peewey Seafes cltuerges~ we can WwrPte Ings serves OS Peoey Sevies = a5. thon we have v3 B- lem Sup | Am |x" = & : ¥ Bete “~ ¢ r ee Ie] ete G by dheovem) 23.1 ths Taroory servers alts eryn | Noo oan > vave ataenaly Pocinal YadPug of CoNMeritE Hoe, ny ae Cn | we need to F0¢ Sov whe on taps ihe bu 4 of Convergence Ney € ane rpadPus tage Toes SevPeg Comnergence for £5 cJx k= Z Ie| $ th’s Se v?es convergs foy TE Cc f ) * pote aed aa Pawey Senieg Sage roth aeelPus 0 convergence R: ee RH ay the CoetPferente a, ape integeva and ff Pr fi Pripe iy Toy f the ane Non zeyy shen Ket (b) Pave thad ef \en up lon| >O-'then Rey (4) Con efalery 4 Power Peis FS ayer ” Suppose Whey AU the Coe PPFcreots Ie ave Wtegevs | and MPMAely Many of them Ae Pon~ =evo Hence nPPnPtetly Pamy of a, ave, POD zero, we have Pov evevy N>0° 4 a” Such that % FO) ON 30) dn +o ‘ coheoh IrplPes Med lao} j = i % D> Be Utero sep | an |% . | 6 Ye oe sup [1] = Yenoe gp 21 we Cary Conetycle they Restle ! P oe ae Proved that FP ay Ihe Coe PR Fonds a, Ave thdegens aw] FhflenPhety cory of the eae ee eee | | |(b) we wand do Poole nad | Im sup |anf>0 SD R<1- Aue Pen-zerp , thon R<1- Suppese thay lim sup | an] +0 =D Fa Poshifve Member C Suah thad km suplan} >a 7° n-7 00 then for every Ndo 1 # 2 Such that Supf lan|s msN 2 3c- | A subsequence A OF An has the Property thas lay | 3c fv att ke Hence, \ | lg | aa] se) ** anal leon € Ke 28 4 1 len dap | 4, s leer sap o% cI \ emce lm sup V4 1 S| D> B= lten sup lan] sy DLvendutfon od Modepned tne y of’ voureg i me PE}Po9* 26 oo pr lor Let Sn ne be a Potowry deqPea orth, welPs of convergence & >0 U Posstbiriy ® 1a] -1P och i ” Convergence * w E Naga = 2 EF na por! ory the converge, {y, fame vane of ce: ey, A380, the gen%ea Dl 0, x iiililiiar ano] oe an or n=O n+l ave Yhe dame, “tolys of Convergence + - ey nm Z aq % | Fev orl \ 4 : pc lem cup | NO | Flim era yA 4 ge lem sup In|* lten | eq] ™ Ly \ ¥ cup} ne) e ~~ nv ~~! e'-g; where R/ Ps yeolfus of convergence o SZ vonx”: é oe”) In (ner )* = 1 ov yer Le 1s | nee O71 ; Se bests. tr lan. \* . den B’e lan sup |} Kea Sy De L ‘ feel = ifn sup( ye, len 14m] N+ / Bs (1, fem Sup (any \ p’= 2 » Yechus of convergence Of zg, < xis ec 2d Theoverr) Sy, + Suppose tte Ze aot hag realPus of emuesence w Sytem CoO Neue nd On [te] fay or See | “R<¥<0 of ndey antl rye Conyonqenee, — derrm by Jeam ewes Plogreytfar % Veta] ( ; Ses : Mdb- \ Se athe & t. % 200” a — eae a Z| % you f° no aa e w 7 ( fude = -€. a! 20 ANT | 6 7 § fe de - S & nr! . 220 Ma} Strvflaly Proccecleng cottn Cort] , o0 Hon pts HhLentiable on (—R,R) and Pays Se Nay?! For [rjc y 5, te jem | | Bi % | Proof led Jone E nang! od den thedy Sesto g COMVEN/JENEE foy Ixl 8 5 a ty, 7 ‘ ey Inley 3 ants foe ints “Waly PS alse vated Pay oc =I by Abel's Ibeorern) Se we gel, logan - tet ad 5 , Oo et bedtbe -@ | 9 ge) O we Mer then ™,. | = i (rif ot log (1. a) > les (4) | = log Cr) t % ‘ ‘e 1 Sc s ers - = logry Vb = oc ae J w SF te poo Aiverges 5 1a6G- Abel's ‘theevem 2 ee fox) - Sane” be power sertes mo | Posttive yealPg OP CorVergence Ab X=R he ff 2s comtPrewmud ag v-R | PE serfes comvedgenca ay ELe-R the f al Pe-R cotth fentle Py Cory} Prec Ixl< 4 eee S78? Ini kere cdefPvernc Pai be a QUexD bo ; te bares eaeeecasess eee net ex r Tr at % el + > O-x) (se) + ‘] Pt! tre) < (ix ply by @ Zea xclex) ; txl a dt = Sod ae eet 2° 20+) ° - = 204) S taf. = (oe. Scie 5 tele} 2-6 Roe) (2) Fox v2 the Pousery seyPeg becomeg I~ tig to 1 3 Ss 7 = co a whPoh 4 decreasing ano} oe) and) Wen 1 ann ee +o by Labtnaa, oe = Go. | 220 the Miwemaying ov - Cnverges m+ by Abella then youn, , = ow = J ‘ Kon — tots: } Te yh S& ©" aes "70 “ane ie Foy 1 Sp ~ -I the Power tefog become I+ me ee nr | an ap ~ WY tea) = =. ¢ ? any 4

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