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Page 25 From Str. Dyn & EQ Eng. - Lecture Notes - Week 1 To Week 12

Lecture Notes - Week 1 to Week 12

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Page 25 From Str. Dyn & EQ Eng. - Lecture Notes - Week 1 To Week 12

Lecture Notes - Week 1 to Week 12

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Earthquake Engineering

2.2 – Forced vibration of SDOF system

Understanding the response of SDOF structure to harmonic excitation provides insight into
how structures respond to other type of forces.

a) Harmonic vibration of undamped system: the equation of motion is given by


mu  ku  p (t ) (9)
where p (t )  p 0 sin t is the forcing term with frequency  . The complete solution
u is the sum of the particular u p and complementary uc solutions, where
u p  C sin t (10)
substituting into equation (8), it gives the particular solution as
p 1
up  0 2
sin t (11)
k  
1   
 n 
The complementary solution is in the form of
uc  A cos n t  B sin n t (12)
Therefore the complete solution is given by
p 1
u  A cos n t  B sin  n t  0 2
sin t (13)
k  
1   
 n 
Using the initial conditions u(0) and u (0) , it is possible to determine A and B. The
complete solution is given by

  
 
 u (0) p0 n  p 1
uc  u 0cos n t    2
sin n t  0 sin t (14)
n k    k   
2
 1     1   
  n    n 

The first two members on the right hand side of equation (13), appearing with the
natural frequency  n , constitute the transient part of the solution. The third member,
appearing with the forcing frequency  , is the steady state part of the solution.

For this case of system with no damping, when the forcing frequency  approaches
the natural frequency  n its displacement amplitude goes to infinity i.e. increases
without limit. The value  n is called the resonant or critical frequency and the
situation of  being very close to  n is called resonance.

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