CMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru Department of ISE Lab Manual, IV Semester, 2022 Scheme BCS403 - Database Management System Laboratory Lab Manual CMR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Information Science and Engineering LAB MANUAL, BCS403- DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Semester-IV Prepared by :Dr.Ciyamala Kushbu S As per VTU 2022 scheme Academic Year: 2023-2024 (EVEN) Dr.Ciyamala Kushbu S, Assistant professor/ISE,CMRITCMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru Department of ISE Lab Manual, IV Semester, 2022 Scheme BCS403 - Database Management System Laboratory Course Objectives (Defined by the university): CLO 1. To Provide a strong foundation in database concepts, technology, and practice. CLO 2. To Practice SQL programming through a variety of database problems. CLO 3. To Understand the relational database design principles CLO 4. To Demonstrate the use of concurrency and transactions in database. CLO 5. To Design and build database applications for real world problems. CLO6. To become familiar with database storage structures and access techniques. Note: A two-hour tutorial is suggested for each laboratory session. Pedagogy: For the above experiments the following pedagogy can be considered. Problem-based Jeaming, Active leaning, MOOC, Chalk & Talk PART A —List of problems for which students should develop programs and execute in the Laboratory. ‘Course outcomes (Course Skill Set): At the end of the course, the student will be able to: CO 1. Describe the basic elements of relational database management system CO 2. Design entity relationship for the given scenario. CO 3. Apply various Structured Query Language (SQL) statements for database manipulation. CO 4. Analyse various normalization forms for the given application. COS. Develop database applications for the given real world problem CO 6. Undersiand the coucepts zelated to NoSQL databases, Dr.Ciyamala Kushbu 8, Assistant professor/ISE,CMRITCMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru Department of ISE Lab Manual, IV Semester, 2022 Scheme BCS403 - Database Management System Laboratory List of Problems/Experiments Experiments List of problems for which students should develop the program and execute it in the laboratory 1 | Create a table called Employee & execute the following. Employee(EMPNO.ENAME,JOB, MANAGER_NO, SAL, COMMISSION) 1. Create a user and grant all permissions to the user. 2. Insert the any three records in the employee table contains attributes EMPNO,ENAME JOB, MANAGER_NO, SAL, COMMISSION and use rollback Check the result 3. Add primary key constraint and not null constraint to the employee table 4, Insert mull vaines to the employee table and verify the result 8 Create a table called Employee that contain attributes EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR,SAL & exeente the following. 1, Add a column commission with domain to the Employee table 2. Insert any five records into the table. 3. Update the column details of job 4, Rename the column of Employ table using alter command. 5. Delete the employee whose Emp no is 105, 3 | Queries using aggregate fumctions (COUNT, AVG, MIN, MAX,SUM) Group by, Orderby. Employee(E_id, E_name, Age, Salary) 1. Create Employee table containing all Records E_id, E_name, Age, Salary. 2. Count number of employee names fiom employee table 3. Find the Maximum age from employee table. 4. Find the Minimum age from employee table 5. Find salaties of employee in Ascending Order. 6. Find grouped salaries of employees. 4 | Create arow level trigger for the customers table that would fire for INSERT or UPDATE ot DELETE operations performed on the CUSTOMERS table. This trigger will display the Dr.Ciyamala Kushbu S, Assistant professor/ISE,CMRITCMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru Department of ISE Lab Manual, IV Semester, 2022 Scheme BCS403 - Database Management System Laboratory salary difference between the old & new Salary. CUSTOMERS(ID .NAME . AGE, ADDRESS, SALARY) 5 | Create cursor for Employee table & extract the values from the table, Declare the variables Open the cursor Samp; extret the values from the cursor. Close the cursor Employee(E_id, E_name, Age, Salary) 6 | Write a PL/SQL block of code using parameterized Cursor, that will merge the data Available in the newly created table N_RollCall with the data available in the table © RollCall. Ifthe data in the first table already exist in the second table then that data should be skipped. 7 | Install an Open Source NoSQL Data base MangoDB & perform basic CRUD (Create, Read, Update & Delete) operations. Execute MangoDB basic Queries using CRUD operations. Dr.Ciyamala Kushbu 8, Assistant professor/ISE,CMRITCMR Institute of Technology, j S Bengaluru Department of ISE S$ cmrit Lab Manual, IV Semester, 2022 Scheme Srevrerorromtoc eo BCS403 - Database Management System Laboratory Experiment 1: Create a table called Employee & execute the following. Employee (EMPNO,ENAME,JOB, MANAGER_NO, SAL, COMMISSION) 1. Create a user and grant all permissions to the user. 2. Insert the any three records in the employee table contains attributes EMPNO,ENAME JOB, MANAGER_NO, SAL, COMMISSION and use rollback Check the result 3. Add primary key constraint and not null constraint to the employee table. 4, Insert null values to the employee table and verify the result ‘Code: a, Create a user and grant all permissions to the user CREATE USER 'sammy'@'localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘password; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'sammy'@'localhost’ WITH GRANT OPTION; D. Insert the any three reeords in the employee table contains attributes EMPNO.ENAME JOB, MANAGER_NO, SAL, COMMISSION and use rollback. Cheek the result Dr.Ciyamala Kushbu 8, Assistant professor/ISE,CMRITCMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru Department of ISE Lab Manual, IV Semester, 2022 Scheme serra arasetoer tec BCS403 - Database Management System Laboratory ¢. Add primary key constraint and not mull constraint to the employee table. ‘e employee modify column EMPNO int primary key; ae Ce See epee CUM. Ree ee rar ais ee) No | int cg varchar (20) et (0.01 Pear ee sot (4, 'Dani' ,nu11,2,40000, 4000) ; aac Era 4000 Dr.Ciyamala Kushbu 8, Assistant professor/ISE,CMRITy CMR Institute of Technology, WS Bengaluru Department of ISE SS CMRIT Lab Manual, IV Semester, 2022 Scheme BCS403 - Database Management System Laboratory Experiment 2: Create a table called Employee that contain attributes EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR.SAL & execute the following, Add a column commission with domain to the Employee table. Insert any five records into the table Update the column details of job . Rename the column of Employ table using alter command, . Delete the employee whose Emp no is 105 Code: a. Add a column commission with domain to the Employee table Dr.Ciyamala Kushbu 8, Assistant professor/ISE,CMRITCMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru Department of ISE Lab Manual, IV Semester, 2022 Scheme serra arasetoer tec BCS403 - Database Management System Laboratory b. Insert any five records into the table. DE eB ae URL) vst eee 0.00 se Ey eae omer y o 2000, 8000) ; 1 row affected (0.00 sec) See eu moan fi TO ae aca RC ae ents ee ee) re er) Seed 99000 | 8000 Dr.Ciyamala Kushbu S, Assistant professor/ISE,CMRITCMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru Department of ISE Lab Manual, IV Semester, 2022 Scheme Srevrerorromtoc eo BCS403 - Database Management System Laboratory c. Update the column details of job Seer Pacme cs SCA DC OK, 5 rows affected (0.06 eee Disa eee a inysql> select * from employee; rset EMPNO | ENAME | Job 6000 ad Er) EL 2000 ee | 50000 | 5000 | | | | I | ost Oa | | | 50000 (0.00 Dr.Ciyamala Kushbu S, Assistant professor/ISE,CMRITCMR Institute of Technology, j S Bengaluru Department of ISE S$ cmrit Lab Manual, IV Semester, 2022 Scheme mn BCS403 - Database Management System Laboratory e. Delete the employee whose Empno is 105. Dr.Ciyamala Kushbu 8, Assistant professor/ISE,CMRITy CMR Institute of Technology, WS Bengaluru Department of ISE SS CMRIT Lab Manual, IV Semester, 2022 Scheme BCS403 - Database Management System Laboratory Experiment 3: Queries using aggregate functions (COUNT, AVG, MIN, MAX,SUM),Group by. Orderby. Employee(E_id, E_name, Age, Salary) Create Employee table containing all Records E_id,E_name, Age, Salary. Count number of employee names from employee table Find the Maximum age from employee table. Find the Minimumage from employee table. Find salaries of employee in Ascending Order 6. Find grouped salaries of employees. Code: 1. CREATE TABLE Employeel( E_id INT.E_name VARCHAR(S0).Age INT, Salary DECIMAL(10. 2)); 45000),(3, 'Alice Johnson’, 35, 60000),(4, ‘Bob Brown’, 28, 48000),(5, 'Emily Davis’, 32, 55000); 2. SELECT COUNT(E_name) AS TotalEmployees FROM Employeel, Dr.Ciyamala Kushbu S, Assistant professor/ISE,CMRITCMR Institute of Technology, SV Bengaluru Department of ISE SS) cueit Lab Manual, IV Semester, 2022 Scheme Serer eresecon a BCS403 - Database Management System Laboratory es. Crest rn) Pra 6. SELECT Salary, COUNT(*) AS EmployeeCount FROM Employee! GROUP BY Salary; Dr.Ciyamala Kushbu S, Assistant professor/ISE,CMRITRu Bengaluru Department of ISE SS CMRIT Lab Manual, IV Semester, 2022 Scheme ment System Laboratory CMR Institute of Technology, Ss Dr.Ciyamala Kushbu S, Assistant professor/ISE,CMRITDry CMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru Department of ISE Lab Manual, IV Semester, 2022 Scheme serra arasetoer tec BCS403 - Database Management System Laboratory Experiment 4: Create a row level trigger for the customers table that would fire for INSERT or UPDATE or DELETE operations performed on the CUSTOMERS table. This trigger will display the salary difference between the old & new Salary CUSTOMERS(D , NAME . AGE , ADDRESS, SALARY) rr eT ETS) Pace pervert) a cine brie irae acd ipa: Seer Reeser Coeaiectae 7 eee ote me aut e eee) > begin eae eT eae Ce eee ee ee Omer e ay eC aU Ten es ORC mere me eee Lee) eC Cl COMIC em eer lear ee Tee or Sy Query 0K, © rows affected (0.68 sec) mala Kushbu S, Assistant professor/ISE,CMRITDry CMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru Department of ISE Lab Manual, IV Semester, 2022 Scheme Srevrerorromtoc eo BCS403 - Database Management System Laboratory Eerste Cee Ce Rn EL Query OK, 1 row affected (8.05 sec) OE era ea ra 1 Ree yee ee ee Ost Se Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: mysql> Select * from customer; Cname | age | addre: per Cos ee ee Pa Ge A eo) Ever led ST St 1 mala Kushbu S, Assistant professor/ISE,CMRITCMR Institute of Technology, W Bengaluru Department of ISE i Te CMRIT Lab Manual, IV Semester, 2022 Scheme Sere w roman anar BCS403 - Database Management System Laboratory | mememmenenl Experiment 5 variables Open the cursor & extret the values fiom the cursor. Close the cursor. Employee(E_id, E_name, Age, Salary) Code: Create cursor for Employee table & extract the values from the table, Declare the DELIMITER (/ CREATE PROCEDURE fetch_employee_data() BEGIN DECLARE emp_id INT; DECLARE emp_name VARCHAR(100), DECLARE emp_age INT; DECLARE emp_salary INT; DECLARE doue BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE; DECLARE emp_cursor CURSOR FOR SELECT E_id, E_name, Age, Salary FROM Employeel; OPEN emp_cursor; emp_loop: LOOP FETCH emp cursor INTOemp id, emp_name, emp age, emp_salary; IF done THEN LEAVE emp loop; ENDIF, SELECT CONCAT(‘Employee ID: ', emp_id,', Name: ',emp_name,', Age: ', emp_age, ', Salary: ', emp_salary); END LOOP emp loop; CLOSE emp_cursor; END // DELIMITER; Dr.Ciyamala Kushbu 8, Assistant professor/ISE,CMRITCMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru Department of ISE Lab Manual, IV Semester, 2022 Scheme serra arasetoer tec BCS403 - Database Management System Laboratory eS mala Kushbu S, Assistant professor/ISE,CMRITCMR Institute of Technology, W Bengaluru Department of ISE i Te CMRIT Lab Manual, IV Semester, 2022 Scheme Sere w roman anar BCS403 - Database Management System Laboratory | mememmenenl Experiment 6; Write a PL/SQL block of code using parameterized Cursor, that will merge the data Available in the newly created table N_RollCall with the data available in the table © _RollCall. If the data in the first table already exist in the second table then that data should be skipped. Code: CREATE TABLE O_RollCall (id INT,name VARCHAR(100)); INSERT INTO O_RollCall (id, name) VALUES(1, ‘John'),(2. 'Alice'),(3, 'Bob’) CREATE TABLE N_RollCall (id INT,name VARCHAR(100)); PL/SQL Code: DELIMITER // CREATE PROCEDURE MergeRollCallData() BEGIN DECLARE done INT DEFAULT FALSE; DECLARE o_id INT; DECLARE 0 name VARCHAR(100); DECLARE n_count INT; DECLARE o cursor CURSOR FOR SELECT id, name FROM O_RollCall; DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done > TRUE; OPEN o cursor; read loop: LOOP FETCH 0 cursor INTO 0 id, o_name; TF done THEN LEAVE 1ead _loop; END SELECT COUNT(*) INTO n_count FROM N_RollCall WHERE id=0_id; IF n_count = 0 THEN INSERT INTON RollCall (id, wame) VALUES (0 id, 0 name) Dr.Ciyamala Kushbu 8, Assistant professor/ISE,CMRITCMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru Department of ISE Lab Manual, IV Semester, 2022 Scheme serra arasetoer tec BCS403 - Database Management System Laboratory ENDIF; END Loop: CLOSE 0 cursor, END // DELIMITER ; ess ceca BEGIN eae eC ag Ta) eat ecu Beene Cet y eae Cea en bteyt ac eee a ae eee Ca ato fare ee LO eC bear aa eae ec ND IF Greg ORR ae yee tee eC eet ese ar) PSM a Seteyel CALL MergeRollCallData0) mala Kushbu S, Assistant professor/ISE,CMRITCMR Institute of Technology, j S Bengaluru Department of ISE S$ cmrit Lab Manual, IV Semester, Scheme Srevrerorromtoc eo “Severe wma Dr.Ciyamala Kushbu S, Assistant professor/ISE,CMRITExperiment 7: Install an Open Source NoSQL Data base MangoDB & perform basic CRUD(Create, Read, Update & Delete) operations. Execute MangoDB basic Queries using CRUD operations. CRUD operations in MongoDB refer to the basic operations you can perform on documents in a MongoDB database. MongoDB (NoSQL) 1. Schema-less: + MongoDB is a schema-less database, meaning you can store heterogeneous data in the same collection without a predefined schema, Each document can have its own structure. + Example: In a users collection, one document might have fields {name: "Alice", age: 30} while another might have {uame: "Bob", email: "[email protected]"} 2. Document-Oriented: + MongoDB stores data in flexible, ISON-like documents. Documents comespond to rows in a relational database, but can nest sub-documents and arrays + Example: A document in MongoDB could represent a user profile with nested address, information or an array of hobbies. 3. Scalability: + MongoDB is designed for horizontal scalability through sharding (partitioning data across multiple servers) and replication (maintaining multiple copies of data for fault tolerance) + Itcan handle large volumes of data and high throughput applications. 4. Query Language: + MongoDB uses a query language that is based on JavaScript. Queries are expressed as, JSON-like documents using key-value pairs and MongoDB's query operators. + Example: db.users.find({ age: { Sgt: 25 } }) finds all users where age is greater than 25. 5. Use Cases: + Best suited for applications requiring flexible schemas, fast iteration, and scalability. Commonly used in real-time analytics, content management, and mobile applications SQL (Relational Databases) 1. Schema-based: + SQL databases enforce a rigid schema where tables must be defined before data ean be stored. Each table consists of rows (records) and columns (fields) + Example: A users table with predefined columns like id, name, age, and email. DrCiyamala Kushbu,AP/ISE,CMRIT2. Table-Oriented: + SQL databases store data in tables with fixed columns. Relationships between tables are established through foreign key constraints, + Example: A user_profiles table linked to a users table through a foreign key (user_id), 3. ACID Compliance: + SQL databases emphasize ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) transactions, ensuring data integrity and reliability. + Transactions are a critical feature for financial applications and other systems where data accuracy and consistency are paramount. 4. Query Language: + SQLuses a standardized language (SQL) for querying and manipulating data. SQL provides powerful capabilities for joining tables, aggregating data, and performing complex queries. + Example: SELECT * FROM users WHERE age > 25 retrieves all users where age is greater than 25, 5, Use Cases: + Well-suited for applications with structured data requirements, complex relationships, and transactions. Commonly used in enterprise systems, banking, and traditional business applications. Install MongoDB Community Edition sudo apt-get install gnupg eur] cw -£SL https://www-mongodb.org/static/pep/server-7.0.ase | \ sudo gpg -0 /ust/share/keyrings/mongodb-server-7.0.gp¢ \ —~dearmor echo "deb [ arch=amd64,arm64 signed-b} hittps://repo. mongodb org/apt/ubuntu jammy/mongodb-org/7.0 multiverse" | sudo tee —/usr/share/keyrings/mongodb-server-7.0.gpe | Jetc/apl/sources list d/mongodb-org-7.0.list sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install -y mongodb-org DrCiyamala Kushbu,AP/ISE,CMRITsudo systemetl start mongod START MONGO: ‘mongosh show dbs 1/ Syntax to create a collection: db.createCollectiou(uame, options); J/ Example: db.createCollection("users"); 1. Create (©) To create a new document or insert data into a collection: db.collection.insertOne({ key: value }); 1 Example: db.users.insertOne( { name: "Alice", age: 30, email: "[email protected]" }); ‘You can also insert multiple documents at once using insertMany() db, collection insertMany({ { keyl: valuel }, { key2: value? }, ! More documents Ds 1 Example: db.users insertMany([ { name: "Bob", age: 25, email: "[email protected]" }, { name: "Charlie", age: 35, email: "[email protected]" } D: 2. Read (R) To retrieve or read documents from a collection: 1/ Find all documents in a collection db.collection.findO; / Find documents that match a specific condition db.collection.find({ condition }); 1 Example: db.users.find(); // Find all documents in the ‘users’ collection db.users.find({ age: { Sgt: 25 } }); // Find users where age is greater than 25 Dr-Ciyamala Kushbu,AP/ISE,CMRIT3. Update (U) To update existing documents in a collection: / Update a single document that matches a condition db collection. updateOne({ filter }, { Sset: { update } }); 1/ Update multiple documents that match a condition db.collection.updateMany({ filter }, { $set: { update } }); 1 Example: db.users.updateOne({ name: "Alice" }, { Sset: age: 31 } });// Update Alice's age to 31 db users. updateMany({ age: { SIt: 30} }, { Sime: { age: 1 } }); // Increment age by 1 for all users under 30 4, Delete (D) To delete documents fiom a collection: 1/ Delete a single document that matches a condition db collection.deleteOne( { filter }) // Delete all documents that match a condition db.collection.deleteMany( filter }); 1 Example: db users deleteOne({ name: "Bob" }); // Delete the document where name is Bob db.users.deleteMany({ age: { Sgte: 40 } });// Delete all users who are 40 years or older POSSIBLE VIVA QUESTIONS: 1. SQL Table Operations: 1. What is the SQL command to create a table named Employee with the columns EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MANAGER_NO, SAL, COMMISSION? How do you create a user in SQL and grant them all permissions on the Employee table? ‘What are the steps to insert records into the Employee table and use ROLLBACK? How can you check whether a rollback was successful? wee ‘What SQL command would you use to add a primary key constraint to the EMPNO column in the Employee table? 6. How do you add a NOT NULL constraint to the ENAME column of the Employee table? 7. What are the potential issues with inserting NULL values into a column that should not accept them? 8. How would you update the SAL column for a specific employee in the Employee table? Dr-Ciyamala Kushbu,AP/ISE,CMRIT9. What is the SQL syntax to delete a record with a specific EMPNO from the Employee table? 10, How do you rename a column in the Employee table? 11. How do you add a new column to an existing table? 12, What is the purpose of adding a domain to a column in SQL? 13, How would you insert a record with missing values into a table with constraints? 14, Describe how you would verify the insertion of records into a table. 15, How can you view the constraints defined on a table? 16, What SQL command would you use to drop a column froma table? 17. How can you modify the data type of a column in an existing table? 18, What are the differences between TRUNCATE and DELETE commands? 19. How do you handle data inconsistencies after modifying a table structure? 20. What are the best practices for designing a table schema? 2. Triggers 1, What is a row-level trigger in SQL, and when would you use it? How do you create a row-level ti er that fires on INSERT operations? wp How can you create a trigger that executes for both UPDATE and DELETE operations? What SQL command would you use to display the difference between old and new values in & a trigger? How do you ensure that a trigger only fires for specific conditions? ‘What are the common use cases for row-level triggers? How can you test if trigger is working as expected? ‘What are the performance implications of using triggers? ypenay How do you remove or disable a trigger from a table? 10, How do you manage multiple triggers on the same table? 11. What is the syntax for creating a trigger that logs changes to a separate audit table? 12, How can you use OLD and NEW keywords in a trigger? 13, What are the limitations of using triggers in SQL databases? 14, How do you handle exceptions in a trigger? 15, What is the difference between a BEFORE trigger and an AFTER trigger? 16, How can you debug issues in a tigger? 17. How do triggers interact with stored procedures? 18, What is the role of the FOR EACH ROW clause in a trigger definition? 19, How do you ensure data integrity with the use of triggers? 20. What are the security considerations when using triggers? 3. Cursors DrCiyamala Kushbu,AP/ISE,CMRIT1, What is a cursor in SQL, and why is it used? How do you declare a cursor for the Employee table? What are the steps to open, fetch, and close a cursor in SQL? How do you handle exceptions when working with cursors? What is the difference between an implicit and an explicit cursor? How do you use a cursor to iterate over records ina table? ‘What is the syntax for fetching data from a cursor? How can you use cursors in a stored procedure? ee nawaw ‘What are the performance implications of using cursors? 10, How do you pass parameters to a cursor? 11, How do you declare variables within a emsor context? 12, What is the role of the FOR UPDATE clause in a cursor declaration? 13, How do you handle large result sets with cursors? 14, What are the advantages and disadvantages of using cursors? 15, How do you close a cursor and release resources? 16, What are some common pitfalls when using cursors? 17. How can you optimize cursor operations for better performance? 18, What is the purpose of the FETCH INTO statement? 19. How can you use cursors with dynamic SQL? 20. How do you manage memory and resources when using cursors? 4, NoSQL Databases (MongoDB) 1. What are the steps to install MongoDB on your system? How do you create a database and a collection in MongoDB? ‘What is the syntax for inserting a document into a MongoDB collection? How do you perform a basic query to read documents from a MongoDB collection? yew How can you update a specific document in a MongoDB collection? What is the command to delete a document from a MongoDB collection? How do you use indexing to improve query performance in MongoDB? What are the different types of queries you can perform in MongoDB? ee aw How can you handle exors and exceptions in MongoDB operations? 10, What is the purpose of the aggregation framework in MongoDB? 11, How do you use the Smatch and Sgroup stages in an aggregation pipeline? 12, How can you perform data validation in MongoDB? 13, What is the role of the MongoDB shell for database operations? 14. How do you back up and restore a MongoDB database? Dr.Ciyamala Kushbu,AP/ISE,CMRIT15, What are the differences between MongoDB and traditional relational databases? 16, How do you manage user access and roles in MengoDB? 17. What is sharding in MongoDB, and how does it work? 18, How can you use MongoDB’s MapReduce functionality? 19, What is the role of replica sets in MongoDB for high availability? 20. How do you perform basic CRUD operations using MongoDB drivers in a programming language? DrCiyamala Kushbu,AP/ISE,CMRIT