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MATHEMATICS
Quarter 4 – Module 7 Week2
Triangle Trigonometry

Self-Learning Module
 Trigonometric Ratios of Special
Angles

LET’S EXPLORE YOUR UNDERSTANDING!

In this lesson you will use the concepts you have learned in the previous
lessons to evaluate the trigonometric ratios of special angles. There are two
triangles, the isosceles and equilateral triangles that are frequently used in
mathematics to generate exact values for the trigonometric ratios. Consider
the succeeding activities to develop mastery of this topic.

➤ Activity 1: Compare My Size

Do the following activities and answer the questions that follow.

Use a protractor to find the measures of the angles of each triangle.

1. ∠A=450 1. ∠D=___ 1. ∠L=450

2. ∠B=___ 2. ∠E=300 2. ∠M=___
3. ∠C=900 3. ∠F=___ 3. ∠N=900

Questions:
1. What have you noticed about the lengths of the sides of each triangle?
2. What have you observed about the measures of the angles of each
triangle?

3. What do you call these triangles?

4. Write the mathematical concepts that you learned from the activity.

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 In this activity, you have learned about some special angles. To evaluate the
trigonometric ratios of these special acute angles, we can use geometric
methods. These special acute angles are 30°, 45°, and 60°.

LET’S FIRM UP YOUR UNDERSTANDING!

Key Concepts
In Geometry, the following sides of special right triangles are related as
follows:

45° – 45° – 90° Right Triangle 30° – 60° – 90° Right Triangle
Theorem Theorem
In a 45° – 45° – 90° triangle, In a 30° – 60° – 90° triangle;

✔ the legs are congruent; ✔ the length of the hypotenuse is

twice the
✔ the length of the hypotenuse is length of the shorter leg
√2
times the length of a leg ✔ the length of the longer leg
is √3 times the

hypotenuse = √2 𝑙𝑒𝑔 length of the shorter leg

hypotenuse = 2 shorter leg

longer leg = √3 shorter leg

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Example 1: Find the length of the indicated side.

9 = 𝑡√3 ( 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑔 = √3 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑔 )

9 √3 9√3
𝑡= ∎ = = 3√3 (solve for t)
√3 √3 3

s= 2t (hypotenuse= s shorter leg)

s= 2∎3√3=6√3 ( substitute 3√3 to t)

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➤ Activity 2: Practice Makes Perfect
Find the value of each variable used in the figures. If your answer is not an
integer, express it in simplest radical form.

Questions:

1. How did you answer the activity?

2. What mathematical concepts did you apply to find the answer?
3. What generalizations can you make after performing the activity?

Did you enjoy the activity? Has the activity helped you perform
well in terms of the concepts you used? If you still have questions
regarding the ideas you have discovered, then the next section will
help you.

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 LET’S DEEPEN YOUR UNDERSTANDING!

In this section, you will study how to find the trigonometric ratios of
special angles. The succeeding activities will deepen your understanding of
the concepts you learned from the previous lesson.

➤ Activity 3: What Makes You Special?

1. Given the angles of the triangles below, find the values of the six
trigonometric ratios. Then answer the questions that follow.

2.Complete the table below that summarizes the values of the trigonometric
ratios of the angles 30°, 45° and 60°.

TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF
THE ANGLES
θ sin Cos tan csc sec cot
1 √3 2√3
30° 2 3 3

√2 √2 1
45°
2
1 √3 2
60° 2

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Questions:
1. How did you find the values?
2. What did you discover about the values you obtained?
3. What do you think makes these angles special? Why?

Now that you know the values of the trigonometric ratios of special
angles of a right triangle, you are now ready to apply these
concepts by doing the next activity.

LET’S TRANSFER YOUR UNDERSTANDING!

In this section you will learn the process of determining the values of
expressions involving trigonometric ratios of special angles even without the
use of a calculator. Remember that the two special right triangles are the 30°
– 60° – 90° triangle and the isosceles (45° – 45° – 90°) triangle.

Using the table of values in the previous activity, consider the following
examples.

Example 1: Example 2:
Determine the exact value of the Find the exact value of sin2 30° +
expression. cos2 45°.
sec 30° + cot 60°.
Solution: Solution: sin2 300 +cos2 450 = (sin
sec 300 + cot 600 30 0)2 + ( cos 450 )2
2√3 √3 1 √2
= + = ( )2 + ( ) 2
3 3 2 2
1 2
3√3 = +
= 4
3
4
3 =
= √3 4

Example 3: Example 4:
Determine the value of angle x If x = 45°, show that sec2 x + tan x =
when sec x = 2 3
Solution: Referring to the table, sec Solution: Substituting x with 45°,
60° = 2. we have
Therefore, x = 60°
sec2 45°+ tan 45°
= (sec 45°)2 + tan45°
=(√2)2 +1
=2+1
=3

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➤ Activity 4: You Complete Me!
Use the choices in the box to complete the equations below. Calculator is not
allowed.

9
sin 300 tan 300 tan
4
7
450
4
1 √2
sin 600 1
2 4
cot 300
6√2 sec 300 sec450
csc 600 0

1. cos 30° + sec 300 = 1 5. (sin 30°) (tan 45°) + (tan 30°) (sin 60°) = _1
2. sin 30° – cos 60° = ________ 6. (sin 60°) (cos 30°) + tan 45° = ________
3. (sin 45°)2 =
1 7. 2 sin 30° + ____1____ = 2
2
4. tan 60° (____) = 1 8. 3 sin 300 + 3 cos 60° = ____

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 SUMMATIVE 4.1
MATH 9 Trigonometric Ratios

Name: __________________________ Gr. & Sec.: _____________

Score:____________

INSTRUCTION. Read each statement carefully and choose the correct answer
by writing the letter of the correct answer in your answer sheet.
1. What trigonometric ratio is between the opposite side of the given angle
and the hypotenuse?
A. sine B. cosine C. tangent D. secant

2. What trigonometric ratio is between the opposite and adjacent sides of the
given angles?
A. sine B. cosine C. tangent D. secant

For numbers 3 – 4 refer to the figure below:

3. What is ?

A. B. C. D.

4. What is cot 𝜃? ?

A. B. C. D.

5. What is tan 45˚?

A. B. 2 C. 1 D.

6. What is sin 30˚?

A. B. 2 C. 1 D.

For numbers 7 -9:

7. sin C=
8. cos B=
9. tan C=

For numbers 10 – 12:

10. sec C=
11. csc C=
12. cot B =

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Glossary of Terms
acute triangle – a triangle whose angles are all less
than 90° adjacent side – the side next to the
reference angle in a right triangle
angle – the figure formed by two rays, called the sides of the angle, sharing a
common endpoint called the vertex.

angle of depression – the angle from the horizontal line to the line of sight
of the observer to the object below.

angle of elevation – is the angle from the horizontal to the line of sight of
the observer to the object above it
clinometer – a device used to measure angles of elevation or depression

cosecant (csc) – In a right-angled triangle, the cosecant of an angle is the

length of the hypotenuse divided by the length of the opposite side.
cosine (cos) – In a right-angled triangle, the cosine of an angle is the length
of the adjacent side divided by the length of the hypotenuse.

cotangent (cot) – In a right-angled triangle, the cotangent of an angle is the

length of the adjacent side divided by the length of the opposite side.
hypotenuse – the longest side of a right triangle. The hypotenuse is always
opposite the 90° angle in a right triangle.
Law of Cosines – the square of any side of a triangle is equal to the sum of
the squares of the other two sides minus the product of these sides and the
cosine of their included angle
Law of Sines – the sine of an angle of a triangle divided by its opposite side
is equal to the sine of any other angle divided by its opposite side

line of sight – an imaginary line that connects the eye of an observer to the
object being observed oblique triangle – a triangle which does not contain
any right angle obtuse triangle – a triangle in which one of the angles is
more than 90° opposite side – the side across the reference angle in a right
triangle ratio – a relationship between two numbers of the same kind
right triangle – a triangle in which one angle is a right angle (that is, a 90-
degree angle). The relation between the sides and angles of a right
triangle is the basis for trigonometry.

secant (sec) – In a right-angled triangle, the secant of an angle is the length

of the hypotenuse divided by the length of the adjacent side.
sine (sin) – In a right-angled triangle, the sine of an angle is the length of the
opposite side divided by the length of the hypotenuse.

special angles – angles with a reference angle of 30°, 45°, or 60°

tangent (tan) – In a right-angled triangle, the tangent of an angle is the
length of the opposite side divided by the length of the adjacent side.

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triangle – one of the basic shapes in geometry: a polygon with three vertices
and three sides, which are line segments
trigonometric ratio – a ratio that describes a relationship between a side
and an angle of a triangle
Trigonometry – a branch of mathematics that studies triangles and the
relationship between the lengths of their sides and the angles between
those sides

References
Deauna, M & Lamayo, F. (1998). Basic Trigonometry for Secondary Schools.
SIBS Publishing House. 927 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City

Bass, L., et al. (2008). Prentice Hall Mathematics Texas Geometry, Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall, Boson,
Massachusetts 02116

Lynch, C. & Olmstead, E. (1998). South-Western MathMatters an Integrated

Approach, Book 3. South-Western Educational Publishing. Cincinnati,
Ohio

Boyd, et al. (1998). Glencoe Algebra 1 Integration Applications Connections.

The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 936 Eastwind
Drive Westerville, OH 43081-3329

Lapinid, M., and Buzon, O. (2007). Advanced Algebra, Trigonometry and

Statistics: Patterns and Practicalities, by Don Bosco Press, Inc., Makati
City, Philippines.

Deauna, M. and Lamayo, F. (1990). Integrated Mathematics IV, Phoenix

Publishing House, Inc., Quezon City, Philippines.
Hayden, J. and Hall, B. (1995). Prentice Hall Trigonometry, Anvil Publishing,
Inc., Quezon City, Philippines.

Basic Education Curriculum (2002). – Mathematics IV

Ramos Jr., A., and Gureng, P. (2001). Foundations and Applications –
Advanced Algebra and Trigonometry IV, Rex Book Store, Inc., Manila,
Philippines.
BEAM Module 13: Laws on Triangle Trigonometry Made Simple (Student
Activity 5: Laws to Validate), pp. 34 – 37

*DepEd Materials: BEAM Module 1 Triangle Trigonometry

Web Sources
www.pearson.com.au/media/637085/austsignpostmathsnsw_sb9_5.1-
3_13.pdf www.MathWorksheetsGo.com
central.spps.org/uploads/10_sine_law_worksheet.doc
http://0.tqn.com/d/math/1/0/1/l/Law-Of-Cosines-Worksheet.jpg
http://ceemrr.com/Geometry2/GeneralDefinitions/GeneralDefinitions7.htm
l

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Division of Mandaue City
Plaridel St., Centro, Mandaue City, Cebu, Philippines 6014
Telephone Nos.: (032) 345 – 0545 | (032) 505 – 6337
E-mail Address: [email protected]
Website: https://depedmandaue.net

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