UNIT-3 (Part-1) (Dc Generatos)

Dc Machine DC Generato
DC Notor

be Generatos
is a Elechotmachanical enerq
AA DC Generator
mechan'cal poox
device 4hat ConvestS
ConveYSion
Dc Elechca poex 4hrough the proco4s o
?nto
Flecho -magnahc Gnduc ho.
yA DC çenerator opesates
on the principle
Jnduced emf e)
(o) Farad ay's Laws f
Dynamicallg me tic Jnduchon
lecko-more and an

A De genera lor has a feld windin9

arnalure winding
ed în the
the armatute oinding Ob
armalte
The Cmp înduc
and is conveste
One
al toraing
Dc qenera tor ?s Commutator maunte
foto ctrect volBaqe Using
The armatare
cn the shat o the gereratox bn the otoy
Generator
be
De ?s placed
toinding ot is placed on the
cohereas the tte d winding
statos

haking cof a De çeneratoy!

- Consides
sirgle loop DC qeneratoy 4his
clockuoise în
Bco' is votatira
sinqle loop 'GcD'
oith aoa Cenctant Sped
a onijam magnete e ld
cohen a otates the mamehe
the coil Sidey
dide Ae aud co chaway
chauqes Conti nuos
-nis chag flux inkag InduCes Cin C f in Coil
Sicles d he induced CmF in cno Ccil Side addy tte
în the othe.
îrcuced CmF
io a
a be
mp
Ihe Cmf induced în
generaloy can be Cxplaine
follows.
hen the oop is in posi ha
Y
-1, the qeneratod Cmp
deo becauye, 4+ he
ot of
meveme ot ot coil Sides
paralle to the nagroh
is the
fietd. o lux Links 5

Coil
position
* cohen the loop is Tn
the coi| sides are moving at 6

Cn angle -te the magnehe Hux

and hente a Smallemf is induce
posiion-3, +he cil sides Care
ohen the loop is in tux,thereta
moving t ight angle to the maqnahc.
the goue ntt emp is maxAmUm

pasition , 4he col sidey are

cshen the loop is in
* thus a reduced emf is qenonalad
moving no
cohen the loop is Tn Position-5,
Side u Parallel to he
coilh the cotl
hegahc pux therefae no
noing
Emp is qonerata in the
Cofl.
c¥l sides
Aa posih'on-b, he cal sics move ue a pole
qeuereid EME c reverAe. the waxim t
will generat n ths cirection al posh m4
 Tepeafs with
9evolh'¡n the cofl. Tt (s clear ikat the qenerabl
Cop ka-onedhirmckn tn the koop is allernating one
It is becuye uy coi| eide has Eme În one direchon
the dhes
toheu unde the inHuene ol N-polo oud fn
directio eohen undey the infuenco. of s-po.
the fortinals
Hence. ohen Koad i's Connected across fow
o} the neator alternatrog cment ain
this
ving
threugh tt. Nao, by Usingin athesþh Can be
alemating emf generaod
Convesfed foto diacct volage
qenevats called Commotato)

F
N WAs

aibs split
B

bruth

From o’ |86, brush-1

y Resistane is connect be fueen collects cunent fom a
brushes, brugh-1
’ Fiom (80-366
’ Brushes Slides oVex b.
collect s umeut fromthrough
Brushes collects cUret So alyays cumeut
Pases thrugh esistane Reststane i's Sae direchim
1 Bo
N
/36
 The wavefor ot the cotent througt the
load ciycait is above cohich is Uniditeci'ane
Convests bidirecticnal Cunent (Ac) îoto
split sing
Uni-dtirechinal cunent t Goup of split ings
is

Called Commutator
Machine :
Conshuction of a De Termina

’A DC
DC genvator
Can be uSed
as Pole
oithat pleshee
aDC motox
Conshuehional field
idd
onges
changs and and ic e
Versa s also
aindtng Commu
tot
Avmaliet Broshes
posible Coe

Thy a DC qenerabr Avmate

Can be Conduct&s
|o) a DC motor
broadly terned
machine
’ The De machine Consists o Six man pat,
() Field sysem ’ yoke
S pole Core

’pole shoe
Field windig
(2) Avmaaire syetesm Armalure eEe (Core))
Armalre winding
 3)
cornmutatox
() Brosheg
(5)
Beasing
(G) Ter minal box.

The outes trame of a pe machine is a hollous

of Cast steel ot Cost iren
Cylinder made p
is Known yoka.
The yoke Senes tollouoing
-too ppo ses
field pele Core aud act a
| It soppots' the
prcteching Cover to the machine
prasides a path fos the iagne hie
a. It
flue picduced, by the field boinding
(e) pole coie
CoTe !

’ t is made up ot Cast steel coy Cast fren

’ st is maole of thin laminatians of shect stel
cohich are fnsutated trom each otheg to
Teduce the eddy Cunet loss.
qives R4ppost to pole shoe .f Fietd winding
Jt pole
(3) pole shoe
attached to pole Cole
(oe.. the
- pole shoe is made ep ot Cast stee| (6)
pole shoe is also
t spread: the magahic fuz oniamy
on the armatare Conduc tors.
(4 Fie ld windirg:
up et Coppey, t produces field s
’ It is made
 eohen CMent is hiugh it.
Armalare syslem
1) Armalure Core
The armn tare coe t De Machino is mounted on
the shalt uq gotates betoeen the field poles
I! tas sbts cn it Cutej }ae ucl the armalae
ConducforS e ut
put în thee slots. The Armalire
Core is a made up of Sott iton Laminations obich
are
foglated fom each othex aud tghty
elamped together.
9) Arma ture winding!
The Jnsulated Conduc tors are put fnto the slot
o} the armature (ore . The Conductors are
Suitably Connected. This Qyzngad conneted
Anangement of condtuclo rs is knoion as
amatare winding
’’ Theg are tuo types of amalare wndins
are vsed 1 Lap uoinding
a. kave widig
Comutator
A Commula tor Mtokich converts the alternatng
emf genevated în the armatyre oinding into
the diree vottge acoss the lood
’ The CommaBato is made up o tormimls.
wedge shn
had crawn Cofes egment insalated fremped
each othe} u fom te Chayt by mira therts
fach segment o Commutatog is onneted to
the ends of the Armalare Coils.
 Beshesl
-he tfeetieatCannetia Cumeot
y Byushes in the De machine
machine qathex the
4 to the
fom the Commutator ud gepe
etesior \ca. Japkik(O1)
’ Th¹ mateyial USed in byushes are

Cabon
Types oy be qenesators
DC generators are
generally classcfied accadng to
their method o ecitatin.
1 Separately ecited De qenenatox.
R. Self exciBed be qenerrto -s series generatoY
shunt generator
comparnd generator
y shat shunt
bhunt

(1) Sepanately Cxcited De Gene ator

These are the generators hase tield toinding
Some eternal De Sourca
is
A Cireutt dinq1am o Sepatetely
qenerator is chouon in the,.tgure. The gmbols
below are 7.
Armaure 'curent
= Load Corent
Terminal voltage
f - Çenerata Eme
 Kçfietd esisfane
Ra Armalare Resctane
Ey
Field vetBage V=pRp
FF
Lood veltag laRa-B.D

B-D = Brush dop

(ER
Eq Xa load Power,
Poae gener ato generatos!- Vx
(2) Sel4 fxcited Dc
sha pesetes?
Seif exeited De generators gererators
are
+he
cohese field mcolnding s enegzed bg
CUnent sopplied by themselves
+hemeelves. In these
Tpe of machines ed coils are fotenaly
Connected wfth the amatte.
Due to rsidual magne tism, Some fla is abays
Present {o the polesohen the armature is
Yotated, Some emf is înduted. Hence Some
fndued Cunent fs prcdued . This Small Cument
plocos thcugb the tield cotl as well ag the
toacd au ihereby shengthenirg the pole
pua. As the pole flux shengthaned, 4 coll
produce armature Emf, cohich cauye
4he further fnereaje oh cunet through the
fied. Tas încieakd field cunent Further
emp, ad this eumulative
qalses Qrmalire emE.
pheno menon Continues ntil the excitatin
Neaches the Yated valuc.
 According to the pesition o) the field be 0
cetls, s f excited De Jeneralorg
clasifed
|. Shuot Generator
a Sories Genevato
.
Comfrund Generator
shunt Wound Generatos ; -
() qereatos, the fietd
type o, De armature
Jn these parallel coith
Connected o
is
ConductoxS. shugt
Rsh shunt esistanee the"fied
Here
flooing thrugh
Ish Conent
Ra Armature reSistane
Armalare Cunent
la load Conent
V= Terminal Veltage.

Eg Generated EME
ish Ra v
Ta

Egk

ode1. laishtY
Appy kcl at D
laRar B.
The tesminal veltge
V= ish Reh
Eg = Ta Ra t Tsh Rgh t BD
 de lvere to Load
Load is
is P=xine,
Power
Seues waune Ge ne raor: -

0) fed wielioq
ype of Generalor , the
Tn this ted f, Sertes armature

fe Connee
Conduetors
through the fe l
cUnent flos
cohele weli as the Load.
Cofls as

Rse Seies cofndng Resistance

through Sesies feld.
Isa = Corent
Armalae resistaro .
Armalare Cunent
Load Cunent
Terminal voltage
V
Generated emf
tq =

Ise Rse
ise A

Ra
ia
Eg
Then

vetage acioss the load is cqual to

-TaRa -Tee Roa - B.D
Powej qenerabd a
 Power delivered to lood xi
(3)
Com pound generators:
GeneraBors hauu both
both ies fetd
-)Compournd
Cud shunt field
inding is placed io Seiebwindig
with the armate
placed in parallef oi th
Aud the other s
+he amalare.
De Gene may be of two
Ts 1yPe ofshost shunt qeneraBor
TYpes shunt compound generatas.
Compound generatos!
1))Shót
shunt gererators are

compound wourd De
shdt shont shunt field oinding
cohere enly the
qenerator with armalare Loindig
as

s îo pavalle |
shun în igure he

Ish Ra
AiA A

field cunent is Tge =I

Jeres
shunt -fietd Cunent is
 volBage ncrosç 4he lood is equallo
- B.D

hunt Fteld Coneytt 1s al so efual to

V+ Tse Rze
Rçh
walt.

Dowet VXIL watt

mpund Nound Dc qenerator

3)Long shunt Weund De Çenerator
shunt Compound shunt fie ld winoing
the
is a qenera lor where field aud
panale | wrth both Seves
is in howun in
amalire

1sh Ta
RhR,

chont ield conent is equal to sh E Rsh

Armakare Cuneot la Ize TtIsh
acioss he load is equal
EqI, ka
Ra - Ise
Içe Rse -BD = t-Ia(Rit kae)-B.D
V=
In a (ompound Naund qenerator , the shunt
shnger han yhe seaies field hen
Lield is
fetd Asists the shunt tie ld,
serief fietd
field Assts
the Commutatuely
aneraker is Said to be
Compouad
the Ceies fietd
on the cthes hand, geneatog s
field, the
cpposes the shunt Comjprnd gneato.
Said to be
be differenhally

Ich

Differential'
Cummulatve Compourd genuatr.
Compand gneehr
und Dc Shont geomtor
prohlems:- A + ple lap valnge o 250v. Tt has
delivers 200A al torminnl 5o and O. o52
ct
a Held and atmate Te stslante

Noglerhog brsh cip oeieamine

Tepriony Ciuent pain
per parallel
f) Armature cnent to dataond genutd
if) EMp qeneratd (iv) poiiey
Ay-iven P= 4 : Lap wound
VE 250V
Ra = 0.05/L Reh = 50
Brush drop
() Armatve Curent I=
t (Appy kel at A)
a= Ish
 5
-260 5A
Ish Rsh
, 5A
205A
2oD
Ia Tsh t IL
|Pa 0s A Io Qos =51.24
per parallel path P 4
ái Cunent Sinu windng is Lap:
= 5/.QSA

Rg 2So + (dosx0.o)
F.
Eg = Vt
EMF generate 260.25V
i)

Dooes
delieretgenerated
53-3s k aumature
qenernlor has a
,3o0V,
kw300V be shont
2) A 3o amatib whe
deliveved by +he
poes
Caleulat thefll ulpt
oulpl poes.
leliors -fcll
ît
Reh= lo0
Ag' Given 0.052 Reh
Ra = Amatue :Egxa
Power deiveref by
Ig a
Arma lyr e CunentI,: Ist It
300
Ish 3A
Rsh

Sox\o =36xI I, = loo A

I, =3+lo0 = |03 I, =l03A

 30o t (lo3) (o.05)
300 4515

Armalue s
Power

1 yla
(03 = 31.43 kw
3oS./s x

:31 43kw
kound Armnlure
qewne tuilh toave
3|Condurtors Yolate
13) 4 ohat wilt
226V.

the tuindi
Ihe -Sme

4 Wave Wound
dala T cundactoss.
,fiuen
Ary:Melkod-4 each having 24

Tolal conductors SX2y =1224

Waue oun
Woun eah pajallel path
Conlains 1otal Con due tor 1224-61 2
2

pe (onduct
EME Pu 6l2
the
anwged irto Lap
iS Ye a

Num ber
"b Datalel Daths = numbes poley = 4
onduckks pes paallel path in lap I224
24.-366
EmF eneratt is 306 XO.3594= 04.99 l0V
Melhot

Conductoy 2 = Tdal slot x londurt'

tot al Porslot .
2= 51 X24 =122
Ea =220V

ve

P
Eguve
P
220 X L llo

at 5o0 Ypm
Ashunt50kwgererator
at 200V
ming
Th armalte aad
deivers respectiely
4o
field resistance are 0.02 D
brush dop oh w
Calualatr geuaratzc emf i
Des brush.
3,
SoxIow Ra=0.o2
An iven P = Sokw =
V = 00V BD= |vbush
sOxIo AsoA B4o ¿00o

Ia Ish +I (kel at A)
SA
Tch Rsh ; Total Bush drop =2X)

yeneiak4 Emf E = yt ER, t2 = Qo0 tasSxo.c

t2
 5) An 8pole Lap Conn ched amatae has 4o
clet with 12 Conductors per slot, geuna
vellage ot 50v. Determine the sped at which
it is Unning it the fux pele is 50 mwb
Angi- Given data P= 8 slos = 40;
Cortuctorsslot =
= 12
L6wb
= 500V

P= 50 mwb:50 X
Total conduct s 2= Total mumber o% sot X
slt pr ple.
2 2 4ox12 =48 : Eg -50oV
soc
25
Lap coinding A=f
60 4exsxi6
N = 12sorpm
Compound generator olelvess a loaal Cunont
(6) long- shunt and has aimaae, Series, &hunt feld
at SOOV
O SoA
Resisfany 0e 0. 0552 0.03 and a5o Tespecive y
volBage cua the oarmatars
Calulate the generated
lV brush drop per brush
Cuneut,
t, Alow
Any:- Given Compound qene ato.
V=5OON
= 0.03j K Q50
Kse
Armalne Cunent I,= Tht 4
-=QA.
Rsh 250
4Ta
+50= 5aA

nave4 tME E, Vt ta(R+Rie) = Soo t sa(o.03+0.05)t 2

+B.D
 S00+
4.64 2 (
500+ 52(0.o8) ¢2
506.16 v
a loo
(6) A shost -shunt Com pound andqenerator detVers Seoies
at has armature,
Cument oh 30A 220V,
and Shuntfietd geSistonce
Tesistants ot o.052, 0.83
field
a00 respechiely. Caleulat the educed em.t
and
aucl the armature Cunent. Allouo l-ov per brush
for Contact drop.
sal- Given data shost-shunt Compound
22oy
i=30A V = R=03.
Ka 0-05 Rel = aoo i otal B"p -2x| 24
brusk =IV
5rosh dsop pe

I,h
atae Cunet I¡: Ioh+Te
Armatare

Votaqe acrosS RshsVn h a

Rst
veBage (Apely ka in
A Bc’A

220+ (30x0, 3) = a0+ = 229V

sh = 229
= |14s A

ba= 3o + 1-14s = 3| l4s A

E (3|.145 x 0.05) + (30x o.3) + a20t
= 239.56 V
7 1n a
long- hunt Compournd qonoiator, the 60
lenminal Velnge fs aBoy tohen qenerator delivers
IKoA Delermine i) Jnduced emf if tota
prwe qene vated Qud Given that thont freld,
ies feld, a a matare nestana are q22, 0.o1f
O.032 S2 Tespechiualy
penvtion EmF Cquaion of Dc Gereratog:

por pok în twb

lue
4- kgne ticnmbey CorcuctorS
of armatare
3 ToBal mochine.
poles în the
NUmber ok aths.
NUmber "f orallel
A n RPm
Armatare Rem -Revoutiony
h
N= Speed Pes miue
Generated Emp per
Gene rated Emf Porallet path
one

The agnetie pux cut barmatre

*Therefere
One
Yevolution of the
Conductor
Yevoution s
one

Tme taken in Complerog N revah,

6o3ec
giien by
dt =
60

Law
Fyom
Constuction 7s
generated per
The emf
emf
dy
6o 60total Coductos

parallelpetts
al
ot
Nono conductors parallel path =
A /putal
Conducdas
Total
grerate4 emf XNowcyPZ
6oA
A