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ECT Lab 1

lab report on lab 1

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4 views

ECT Lab 1

lab report on lab 1

Uploaded by

patricio.yannick
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

KATHMANDU ENGINEERING COLLEGE


KALIMATI, KATHMANDU
(AFFILIATED TO TU)

LAB REPORT ON
Electric Circuit Theory

PRE DATE: EXPERIMENT


NO: 01
POST DATE: 2081/04/29

SUBMITTED BY:
SUBMITTED TO:
Name: Prasun Shiwakoti Department of
Roll No: 079BCT063 Electrical
Engineering
Group: BCT B1
Year: II
Part: I
RESONANCE IN SERIES LCR CIRCUIT
OBJECTIVE:
-To find the resonant frequency of series LCR circuit and the bandwidth of
the circuit.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
1. Resistor
2. Inductor
3. Capacitor
4. Oscilloscope
5. Multi-meter
6. Frequency generator

BASIC THEORY:
A circuit with resistor, inductor and capacitor connected in series is
known as a series LCR circuit. The current through the components
remains same as they are in series.
We know,

V
I = ¿ Z∨¿ ¿

Z =√ R2 +( X L −X C )2

Where, Z = impedance
Then,
XL = ωL = 2πfL
1 1
XC =
ωC
= 2 πfC
Here, XL and XC are both the function of frequency(f).

We know,

XL is directly proportional to f i.e. linear relationship between X L and


f.

XC is inversely proportional to f i.e. rectangular hyperbolic function.

For low frequency of input voltage X L<<XC and for a higher


frequency of input AC voltage, X L>>XC. Thus, there exists an
intermediate frequency such that X L = XC, this frequency is known
as the resonant frequency.

At resonance,
X L =X C
1
ωoL =
ωoc
1
(ωo)2L = C

Then,
1
(2 π fo)2= LC

1
fo =
2 π √ LC
At resonance, impedance is minimum and is given by Z min=R,
current will be maximum and is given by I max=V/R, it will be in phase
with voltage.

OBSERVATION:
Resistance (R) = 158 Ω
Inductance (L) = 161mH
Capacitance (C) = 1048nF

V p− p
VRMS =
2 √2
V RMS
IRMS =
R
Observation table:

Frequency
S.N. VP-P(V) VRMS(V) IRMS(A)
(Hz)
1 150 8.2 2.899 0.018
2 175 9.9 3.500 0.022
3 200 11.4 4.031 0.026
4 225 12.5 4.419 0.028
5 250 14.2 5.020 0.032
6 275 16.3 5.763 0.036
7 300 17.4 6.152 0.039
8 325 18.8 6.647 0.042
9 350 19.3 6.824 0.043
10 375 19.6 6.930 0.044
11 400 (fo) 20.2 7.142 0.045
12 425 19.5 6.894 0.044
13 450 18.7 6.611 0.042
14 475 18.4 6.505 0.041
15 500 18.1 6.399 0.041
16 550 16.6 5.869 0.037
17 600 15.4 5.445 0.034
18 700 13.1 4.632 0.029
19 800 11 3.889 0.025
20 900 10.2 3.606 0.023
21 1000 8.6 3.041 0.019

From Observation,
fo = 400 Hz
VRMS = 6.93
IRMS = 0.045A = 45mA
We know,

For the theoretical value of fo,


1
fo = = 387.459 Hz
2 π √ LC
1 R
f1= - = 309.364 Hz
2 π √ LC 4 πL
1 R
f2= + = 465.553 Hz
2 π √ LC 4 πL
Bandwidth (B.W.) = f2 – f1 = 156.189Hz

From graph,
fo = 400 Hz
f1 = 250 Hz
f2 = 640 Hz
Bandwidth(B.W.) = 390 Hz

ERROR CALCULATION:
For f0,

Theoritical value−Observation value


Error = × 100 %
Theoritical value
387.459−400
= ×100 %
387.459
= 3.236%
For f1,

250−309.364
For f1=¿ ∨×100 %
309.364
= 20.2%
For f2,

640−465.553
For f2=¿ ∨×100 %
465.553
= 37.47%

DISCUSSION:
In this experiment, we began by measuring the values of resistance (R),
inductance (L), and capacitance (C) using a multimeter. With these
measurements, we calculated the theoretical resonant frequencies, f 1 & f2
. By gradually increasing the frequency, we observed that the peak-to-
peak voltage (Vp-p) initially increased until it reached a maximum point,
which corresponds to the resonant frequency. After this point, the V p-p
value began to decrease. Initially, the inductive reactance (X L) was much
smaller than the capacitive reactance (X C), but as the frequency
increased, XL increased while XC decreased, leading to a point where X L
equaled XC. This point is known as the resonant frequency, where the
circuit behaves as a purely resistive load. Finally, by analyzing the graph,
we identified the practical values of f 1 and f2, which allowed us to
determine the bandwidth.

CONCLUSION:
Therefore, we can find the resonant frequency and bandwidth of the
series LCR circuit using this experiment.

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