SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS/

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P1

2019

MARKS: 150

TIME: 2½ hours

This question paper consists of 16 pages.

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INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. This question paper consists of TWO sections, namely SECTION A and

SECTION B.

2. Answer ALL the questions in the ANSWER BOOK.

3. Start EACH question on a NEW page.

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4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this
question paper.

5. You may use a non-programmable calculator.

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6. Show ALL calculations, including formulae, where applicable.

7. Write neatly and legibly.

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SECTION A

QUESTION 1

1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.
Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question
numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.10) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.1.11 A.

1.1.1 The process during which a farm animal takes in food through its
mouth:

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A Egestion
B Digestion
C Ingestion
D Absorption

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1.1.2 Substances given to farm animals to balance their nutrient intake are
called ...
A antibiotics.

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B supplements.
C enzymes.
D neutralisers.
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1.1.3 A … ration is given to an unproductive farm animal.
A nutritive
B maintenance
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C fodder
D production

1.1.4 The following statements refer to the adaptation features of the

structure below:
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A
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B
C
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C
(i) Part B represents blood capillaries where amino acids are
absorbed.
(ii) Digested fat is absorbed in part C.
(iii) Part A decreases the surface area for absorption.
(iv) Absorption of glucose occurs in part B.

Choose the CORRECT combination:

A (i), (iii) and (iv)
B (ii), (iii) and (iv)
C (i), (ii) and (iii)
D (i), (ii) and (iv)
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1.1.5 The production system where chickens are allowed to roam freely
during the day and confined to a shed at night is called a/an …
system.

A free-range
B deep-litter
C open
D cage

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1.1.6 The following is NOT a result of incorrect handling of farm animals:

Animals …

A will fear being approached.

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B become agitated.
C will be much more difficult to handle.
D become tame when handled.

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1.1.7 Zoonotic diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans:

A Anaemia and polyneuritis

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B Anthrax and rabies
C Tuberculosis and heartwater
D Ringworm and sway-back
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1.1.8 A poisonous plant with a bad smell and taste:

A Poison bulb
B Maize fungus
C Thorn apple
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D Ammonia poison

1.1.9 The following occurs during lactation in cows:

(i) When milk production reaches its peak, the butterfat content is
at its lowest.
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(ii) If a cow is fed a more fibrous feed, the milk will have a lower
fat content.
(iii) The more concentrates in a feed, the lower the fat content of
the milk.
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(iv) When milk production decreases, the butterfat content reaches

its peak.

Choose the CORRECT combination:

A (i), (iii) and (iv)

B (ii), (iii) and (iv)
C (i), (ii) and (iii)
D (i), (ii) and (iv)

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1.1.10 The equipment used to harvest embryos from a donor cow is

called a/an …

A pistolette.
B artificial vagina.
C syringe.
D Foley catheter. (10 x 2) (20)

1.2 Indicate whether each of the descriptions in COLUMN B applies to A ONLY,

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B ONLY, BOTH A AND B or NONE of the items in COLUMN A. Write A only,
B only, both A and B or none next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.5)
in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.2.6 B only.

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COLUMN A COLUMN B
1.2.1 A: Osmosis Movement of digested nutrients
from a low to a high
B: Active transport
concentration area

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1.2.2 A: Gross energy The energy available for
B: Metabolic energy production and maintenance
1.2.3 A: Battery system
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B: Intensive production system
1.2.4 A: Bont tick The larvae, nymph and adult
B: Blue tick stages occur on three different
animals
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1.2.5 A: Flushing The removal of the nucleus from

B: Enucleation an egg cell during cloning
(5 x 2) (10)

1.3 Give ONE word/term for EACH of the following descriptions. Write only
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the word/term next to the question numbers (1.3.1 to 1.3.5) in the ANSWER
BOOK.

1.3.1 The rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the muscles in the

alimentary canal for the movement of food
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1.3.2 A structure on a farm where animal feeds are stored

1.3.3 Advanced biotechnology used to produce identical offspring from an

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organism with superior qualities

1.3.4 The changing of the oestrus cycle of all the female animals in a herd
so that they come into oestrus at approximately the same time

1.3.5 A sterile female calf born as a non-identical twin of a male calf

(5 x 2) (10)

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1.4 Change the UNDERLINED WORD(S) in EACH of the following statements

to make them TRUE. Write only the answer next to the question numbers
(1.4.1 to 1.4.5) in the ANSWER BOOK.

1.4.1 Nitrogen-free extract is the measure of the protein quality of a feed.

1.4.2 Acute disease is long-lasting and recurs repeatedly in a farm animal

with less severe symptoms.

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1.4.3 Cryptorchidism is a condition where the testes are underdeveloped.

1.4.4 Maceration is the hardening and drying out of a dead foetus after the
skeleton has been formed.

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1.4.5 Fertilisation is the process during which the blastocyst attaches to
the wall of the uterus. (5 x 1) (5)

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SECTION B

QUESTION 2: ANIMAL NUTRITION

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2.1 The diagram below shows the alimentary canal of a farm animal.

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A C
B

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D
E
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2.1.1 Name the farm animal represented in the diagram above. (1)
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2.1.2 Write down the letter (A–E) of the part of the alimentary canal where
EACH of the following occurs:

(a) Physical digestion (1)

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(b) Egestion of undigested food (1)

(c) Chemical digestion (1)

2.1.3 State the role that part B plays in the digestion of food. (2)
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2.1.4 Write down the letter of the part that corresponds to the stomach of
a pig. (1)
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2.2 Study the schematic representation below which illustrates the digestion of
nutrients in the stomach and small intestine.

STOMACH SMALL INTESTINE

Caseinogen Protein C Fat Peptide

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Amylase E Erepsin
A Pepsin

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Casein B D Glycerol F

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2.2.1 Name the enzymes represented by A and E. (2)

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2.2.2 Identify B, C and F. (3)

2.2.3 Name the part of the small intestine where the digestion illustrated
above occurs. (1)
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2.2.4 Explain the importance of fat emulsification by bile during digestion. (2)

2.3 Choose ONE mineral or vitamin from the list below that matches the following
descriptions. Write only the mineral or vitamin next to the question numbers
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(2.3.1 to 2.3.4) in the ANSWER BOOK.

iron; zinc; phosphorus; vitamin B1; vitamin A; vitamin K

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2.3.1 A deficiency of this causes parakeratosis in pigs (1)

2.3.2 Improves vision, especially at night (1)

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2.3.3 A deficiency of this causes animals to chew dry bones (1)

2.3.4 Necessary for blood clotting in chickens (1)

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2.4 The following are the nutritive ratios of different feeds:

Feed A – 1 : 4

Feed B – 1 : 10

Feed C – 1 : 8

2.4.1 Recommend the feed (A, B or C) that a farmer can use in EACH of

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the following situations:

(a) Animals that are fattened (1)

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(b) Lactating animals (1)

(c) Animals that are maintained (1)

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2.4.2 Indicate the part of the ratio in Feed C that represents non-nitrogen
digestible nutrients. (1)

2.4.3
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Feed A is recommended for feeding a one-month-old calf. Justify
this statement. (2)

2.5 A farmer used maize meal and sunflower oilcake meal to prepare a ration
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containing 16% DP. The DP of maize meal is 14% and the DP of sunflower
oilcake meal is 45%.

2.5.1 Name a feed formulation method used to prepare a ration that

contains a DP of 16% by mixing maize meal and sunflower oilcake
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meal. (1)

2.5.2 Use the method in QUESTION 2.5.1 to calculate the ratio of maize
meal to sunflower oilcake meal. (4)
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2.5.3 Calculate the percentage of sunflower oilcake meal in the mixture. (3)

2.6 State TWO roles of a good fodder flow programme. (2)

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QUESTION 3: ANIMAL PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND CONTROL

Start this question on a NEW page.

3.1 The photographs below show TWO livestock farming systems.

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FARMING SYSTEM A FARMING SYSTEM B

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3.1.1 Identify farming system A and farming system B in the photographs
above. (2)

3.1.2
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Compare the TWO farming systems with regard to the following:
(a) Purpose of the output (2)
(b) Impact on the environment (2)
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3.1.3 State ONE disadvantage of farming system B when the hygienic

measures are not observed. (1)

3.1.4 State ONE economic benefit of farming system B over farming

system A for the farmer. (1)
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3.2 Study the THREE facilities below that are used in an animal production
enterprise.

A B
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3.2.1 Identify facilities A and B. (2)

3.2.2 Indicate the purpose for which facility C is used on farms. (1)

3.3 The schematic representation below shows the life cycle of a parasite.

Metacercaria

Egg

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Egg
Cercaria
containing
miracidium

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the snail

Redia

Penetrates
snail shell
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3.3.1 Classify the type of parasite above. (1)

3.3.2 Give a reason for the answer to QUESTION 3.3.1. (1)

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3.3.3 Identify the intermediate host of the parasite in the diagram above. (1)

3.3.4 Indicate the environmental condition that is necessary for the

survival of the intermediate host. (1)
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3.3.5 State TWO precautionary measures that can be taken to prevent the
infestation of this parasite. (2)

3.4 Farm animals should always be handled with care to avoid accidents and
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stress.

3.4.1 Give TWO reasons for handling farm animals. (2)

3.4.2 Indicate the effect of the following INCORRECT handling practices:

(a) Approaching an animal from its blind spot (1)

(b) Catching sheep by their wool (1)

(c) Putting unfamiliar animals together (1)

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3.5 Briefly describe TWO basic requirements of housing for an intensive

production system. (2)

3.6 The table below shows diseases caused by micro-organisms in farm animals.

DISEASES ORGANISMS SYMPTOMS ANIMALS

(a) Bacteria Swollen udder Cows
Foot-and-mouth Blister-like lesions on
(b) Cattle
disease the mouth and tongue

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Redwater Protozoa (c) Cattle
Lumpy wool Fungus Scabs grow in the wool (d)
Coccidiosis (e) Thin watery diarrhoea Pigs, poultry

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3.6.1 Identify (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) above. (5)

3.6.2 State TWO roles of the government in controlling diseases in farm

animals. (2)

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3.7 Salt is one of the essential mineral nutrients needed by farm animals, but
intake in large quantities can be fatal to livestock.
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3.7.1 Name TWO symptoms of salt poisoning. (2)

3.7.2 State TWO ways of treating farm animals with salt poisoning. (2)
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QUESTION 4: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION

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4.1 The diagram below illustrates a sperm cell.

B C

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A
D

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4.1.1 Identify part A in the diagram above. (1)

4.1.2 Write down the letter of the part that represents the acrosome. (1)

4.1.3 State ONE function of:

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(a) Part D (1)

(b) Part E (1)

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4.2 Indicate the male reproductive organ responsible for EACH of the following:

4.2.1 Transportation of semen from the epididymis to the urethra (1)

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4.2.2 Secretion of a sticky alkaline mucus that gives semen a

characteristic smell (1)

4.2.2 Secretion of a buffer that protects the sperm cells against pH

changes (1)

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4.3 The schematic representation below indicates the sequence of hormone

levels resulting in changes that occur during the oestrus cycle as well as
some structures involved.

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A

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C

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4.3.1 Define the term oestrus cycle. (2)

4.3.2 Name the process at B. (1)

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4.3.3 State ONE function of the luteinising hormone. (1)

4.3.4 State THREE signs of oestrus in cows. (3)

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4.4 The table below shows the duration (in days) of the different stages in the
oestrus cycle in various female farm animals.

STAGES OF THE OESTRUS CYCLE COW EWE SOW MARE

Pro-oestrus 4 2 3 4
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Met-oestrus 4 3 4 3
Di-oestrus 14 10 13 12

Draw a bar graph of the duration (in days) of the different stages in the
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oestrus cycle in various female farm animals. (6)

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4.5 The diagram below illustrates a technique used by farmers to improve their
cattle herds.

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A

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semen placement

4.5.1

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Identify the technique in the diagram above. (1)
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4.5.2 Name TWO characteristics of high quality semen. (2)

4.5.3 Name the apparatus held by hand A in the diagram above. (1)
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4.5.4 Write down the best time of the day for inseminating a cow that
shows the first signs of oestrus in the evening. (1)

4.5.5 State ONE negative effect if an inexperienced person performs the

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technique in QUESTION 4.5.1. (1)

4.6 The statements below indicate the main stages of a reproductive technique
used in cows:
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A. Flush the embryo from the donor cow

B. Artificial insemination of the donor cow

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C. Super ovulation of the donor cow

D. Place the embryo in the recipient cow

E. Synchronisation of both the donor and recipient cows

4.6.1 Name the reproductive technique above. (1)

4.6.2 Write down the letters (A–E) that represent the FIRST TWO stages,
in sequence, of the reproductive technique above. (2)

4.6.3 State TWO benefits of this reproductive technique to farmers. (2)

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4.7 A fertilised diploid cell divides through mitosis to form a solid ball containing
16 cells, which will later divide to form a blastocyst.

4.7.1 Write down the term that describes a fertilised diploid cell. (1)

4.7.2 Name the solid ball containing 16 cells in the stage above. (1)

4.7.3 State TWO non-infectious causes of abortion. (2)

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TOTAL SECTION B: 105
GRAND TOTAL: 150

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