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Formal Experiment

heating and cooling curve gr 11 experiment

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Vicky Rajkoomar
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346 views

Formal Experiment

heating and cooling curve gr 11 experiment

Uploaded by

Vicky Rajkoomar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Formal Experiment

TECHNICAL INSTRUCTIONS

AIM: TO DRAW THE HEATING AND COOLING CURVE OF WATER.

APPARATUS:
Retort stand
Clamp
One-holed cork (to support the
thermometer) Thermometer
Glass beaker
Gauze mat
Tripod
Bunsen burner
Clock (or stopwatch)
Crushed ice in a bucket (or used ice-cream container)

METHOD
1. Set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram.

Retort stand
Clamp
One-holed cork

Thermometer
Glass beaker

Water
Gauze mat

Tripod

Bunsen burner
2. Place sufficient crushed ice in the beaker to fully immerse the bulb of the thermometer.
3. Take the temperature of the ice.
4. Light the Bunsen burner and place it under the tripod so that it heats the ice in the
beaker. Start the stopwatch.
5. At the end of one minute read the temperature of the contents of the beaker, and make a
note of the phase of water in the beaker (solid, liquid or gas (boiling water)).
6. Repeat temperature readings (as outlined in step 5) until the water in the beaker has
boiled for 3 minutes.
7. Extinguish the Bunsen burner flame, and remove the Bunsen burner from underneath
the beaker.
8. Cool the water in the beaker by immersing the beaker of hot water into a bucket
of crushed ice.
9. Start recording the temperature every minute for another 8 minutes.

THEORY:
A heating (and cooling) curve shows the changes from solid to liquid, liquid to gas (and
vice versa) that a substance goes through when heated (or when cooled). The temperature
of the substance remains constant during a phase change.
The heat source is adjusted once only so that the rate of heating remains constant during the
experiment. In this way we can take the temperature of the water at equal intervals of time
and know that the same amount of heat is being transferred to the water.
Similarly, the temperature of the crushed ice in the bucket remains constant while
the hot water cools down.
The curves are plotted with temperature on the y-axis, and time on the x-axis. There are two
features of the curve:
a) Regions at which the temperature remains constant (when a phase change takes place).
b) Regions at which the temperature increases (or decreases). No phase change
occurs during these periods of time.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Use a lighter with an extender nozzle to light the Bunsen burner rather than using a match.
Have the lighter available before turning on the gas.
Never leave an open flame unattended.
Shut off the gas when you have finished heating the water.
Do not touch the Bunsen burner until it has cooled down.
Handle the beaker of hot water carefully, using tongs or insulated (oven) gloves.
OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS:

VARIABLES
1. Identify the variables in this experiment.

• Independent:

• D ependent:

• C ontrolled:
(3)

Table 1A:
TIME TEMPERATURE PHASE OF WATER
(MINUTES) (°C)

10

11

12

13

14
15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

Copy the results at 2 minutes intervals into Table 1B on the next page.
SUMMARY: Copy the results from Table 1A neatly into Table 1B so that you can plot the
points on the graph every 2 minutes. Write a title for this table of results.

2. Table 1B (6)

TIME TEMPERATURE PHASE OF WATER


(MINUTES) (°C)

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

3. Predict the temperature of the water if it continued to boil for another 3


minutes. At 37 minutes the temperature of the water will be (1)
4. Record the temperature readings as the hot water cools down. Write a title for this table
of results. (3)

TIME TEMPERATURE
(MINUTES) (°C)

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION


5. On the same piece of graph paper, plot two graphs of temperature against time as
5.1 Ice is heated to boiling point, and (7)
5.2 Hot water is cooled. (4)
Label each graph appropriately as “Heating curve” and Cooling curve”.

6. During which time interval is the following happening?

6.1 Ice is melting: (2)

6.2 Water is boiling: (2)

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