photo (light writing)

gram (graphic)

metry (measure) comes the root of the
Photogrammetry

science of photogrammetry.

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theart, science, and technology of
obtaining reliable information about
physical objects and the environment
Photogrammetry

through the processes of recording,

measuring, and interpreting photographic
images and patterns of electromagnetic
radiant energy and other
phenomena.(ASPRS)

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the
art and science of extracting
meaningful information about objects and
phenomenon from imagery, either in
Photogrammetry

analog or digital form, and other spatial

measurement systems like laser and radar
data. It is generally perceived as making
measurements on photographs.

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Hasbeen used for many different scientific
tasks
Photogrammetry

Ideal technology where area is inaccessible

object to be measured may be

• too hot or cold,
• too soft or fragile, or
• too dangerous to measure my conventional means

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 Photogrammetry

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 Photogrammetry

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 Photogrammetry

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Niépce: 1827
• French
• 1st photography
Photogrammetry

Daguerre:1839
• 1st practical photograph
• Daguerrotype

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Aimé Laussedat((1819 – 1907)
• First to use terrestrial photographs
fortopographic mapping(1849)
Photogrammetry

• the father of photogrammetry

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Experimented with kite and
balloon photography

Exhibited first phototheodolite
Photogrammetry

and plan of Paris made from

photo surveys

Use of photography for
mapping officially accepted by
Science Academy in Madrid in
1862

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Nadar (France).
Photogrammetry

• 1858 First aerial photographs

(from balloon)

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Photogrammetry

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Photogrammetry

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1896: Eduard Gaston and Daniel Deville
• present the first stereoscopical instrument
for vectorized mapping.
Photogrammetry

1901: German Carl Pulfrich

• creates the first ”Stereokomparator“ and
revolutionates the mapping from stereopairs.

1910:
The ISP (International Society for
Photogrammetry), now ISPRS,
• was founded by Edouard Dolezal in Austria.
• 1913: The first congress of the ISP was held in
Vienna.
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1911:
The Austrian Theodor
Scheimpflug
• finds a way to create rectified
Photogrammetry

photographs.
• He is considered as the initiator of
aerial photogrammetry, since he was
the first succeeding to apply the
photogrammetrical principles to aerial
photographs.

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1970s: The analytical plotters, which were
first used by Uki Helava in 1957
• apply more complex methods:
Photogrammetry

aerotriangulation,

bundle adjustment,

the use of amateur (=”non-metric”) cameras etc.

1980s: digital photogrammetry
• Due to improvements in computer hardware and
software, digital photogrammetry is gaining more
and more importance

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Photogrammetry

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Metric photogrammetry
Photogrammetry

Interpretative photogrammetry

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Itconsists of making precise measurements
on photographs and other information to
determine relative locations of points.
Photogrammetry

This enables to find distance, angle, area,

volume, elevation, shape and size of the
object.

Used for preparation of planimetric and
topographical maps

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recognizing and identifying objects and
judging their significance through careful
and systematic analysis.
Photogrammetry

includes the branches of Photo

Interpretation and Remote Sensing

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topographic mapping
• earliest applications of photogrammetry
• Still today
Photogrammetry

• E,g USGS, State Highways

orthophotos,
and digital elevation
models(DEMs)
• Newer products
• replace traditional topographic maps

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Anorthophoto is an aerial photograph that
has been modified so that its scale is
uniform throughout
Photogrammetry

A DEM consists of an array of points in an

area that have had their X, Y, and Z
coordinates determined

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Photogrammetry

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land surveying:
• Aerial photo used as rough base maps for
relocating existing property boundaries
Photogrammetry

• Through stereoscopic viewing, the area can be

studied in three dimensions.

highway planning and designing:
• high altitude photos or satellite images are used to
assist in area and corridor studies and to select the
best routes

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preparation of
• tax maps, soil maps, forest maps, geologic maps
and maps for city and regional planning and
zoning.
Photogrammetry

is used in the field of

• astronomy, architecture, archeology,
geomorphology, oceanology, hydrology and water
resources, mineralogy, etc.

been used successfully in traffic management and
traffic accident investigations.

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Photogrammetry, although still a relatively
new science, has already contributed
substantially to engineering and
Photogrammetry

nonengineering fields alike.

New applications appear to be bounded
only by our imagination, and the science
should continue to grow in the future.

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ISPRS congress (every 4th year)
• Society since 1910
• First congress 1913
• 2000 Amsterdam
Photogrammetry

• 2004 Istanbul
• 2008 Beijing

Photogrammetric Week (bi-annual)

ASPRS meeting (annual)

DGPF (meeting annual)

EuroSDR (European Spatial Data Research)

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ISPRScongress

Intergeo 2004 Stuttgart

Photogrammetric Week (bi-annual)
Photogrammetry

ASPRS meeting ( anually)

DGPF meeting (annually)

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ISPRS Journal

PE&RS, USA

Photogrammetric Record, UK
Photogrammetry

PFG, Germany (mostly in German)

GIM, The Netherlands

GeoBIT, Germany

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Photogrammetry

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Remote sensing is the observation and
measurement of objects from a distance, i.e.
instruments or recorders are not in direct
Photogrammetry

contact with objects under investigation.

Remote sensing depends upon measuring

some kind of energy that is emitted,
transmitted, or reflected from an object in
order to determine certain physical properties
of the object.

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concerned primarily with electromagnetic energy emitted or
reflected from the Earth's surface and detected at some altitude
above the ground.
The electromagnetic spectrum is, thus, the starting point for
Photogrammetry

understanding remote sensing

Passive remote sensing is based on detecting available
(background) electromagnetic energy from natural sources
• Most methods, such as aerial photography and multispectral scanning, are
passive in nature

Active remote sensing, in contrast, depends on an artificial

"light" source, such as radar microwaves, to illuminate the
scene.

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Photogrammetry

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electromagnetic radiation (EMR) extends
over a wide range of energies and
wavelengths (frequencies)
Photogrammetry

0.4 to 0.7 µm, the interval detected by the

human eye, is known as the visible region

Sir Isaac Newton who first in

1666 carried out an experiment

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principle supporting this result
• the index of refraction
• index is dependent on wavelength
Photogrammetry

Dispersion
• The process of separating the constituent colors in
white light

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spectroscopes and other radiation detection
instruments,
Photogrammetry

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Photogrammetry

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Photogrammetry

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Photogrammetry

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Forany given material, the amount of solar
radiation that it reflects, absorbs, transmits, or
emits varies with wavelength
Photogrammetry

When that amount (usually intensity, as a

percent of maximum) coming from the
material is plotted over a range of
wavelengths, the connected points produce a
curve called the material's spectral signature
(spectral response curve)

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Photogrammetry

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isan important working method in remote
sensing
• multilevel (height),
Photogrammetry

• multivantage (viewpoint),
• multispectral (bands),
• multidetector (sensor), and
• multitemporal (date)

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