Module 5-

Technology 101 for PMs

Why PMs required to know Technology?
R1: Setting a product vision and strategy Some Examples
•Foresee tech advancements and • Fin-tech: Phonepe, PayTm, Gpay,
implement in the product Zerodha→ Integrate with different
R2: Gathering and promoting the most banks
relevant ideas into features • Food-tech: Swiggy, Zerodha→ how real
•Helping eliminating timelines and time location works
create known unknown scenarios • Travel-tech: MakemyTrip→ Integrate
R3: Define the “what” with user stories with flight carriers
and requirements • Ed-tech: Upgrad→ video content
•Empathize with engineers and hosting works
architect team in problem solving
R4: Work with cross-functional teams to Tech PM Examples:
deliver a complete customer experience. • Lea Hickman
•Work with technology partner • Kate Arnold
teams • Jane Manning
• Rony Kohavi
Agile Development Lifecycle
 Overview of APIs, Mobile and Web technologies

API (Application Programming Interface)

Order Food in Zomato
• Takes requests and gives you information that is required
• It requires are medium and a format
Transfer money to your friend
• Most popular API medium is http over internet
• Format can be XML & JSON
• API Key - Unique identifier to identify your app Make a flight booking
• Documentation - so that you have communication format & expected
results Order food sitting in a restaurant

Integration
Do you think everything
• Product interacts with an another product or service product that you have on
• SDK (Software Development Kit) phone builds notification
• Generally used in apps when the product takes a different product and system or integrates with a

“
hosts it with in the app
Notification product?
Database
FB has billions of user data,
• A database is an organized collection of structured information, or data,
typically stored electronically in a computer system Where do they store?
Sample Web Application Architecture
Basics of SQL
Basics of System Design
System design is the process of defining the
architecture, components, modules, interfaces,
and data for a system to satisfy specified
requirements. In the context of product
management, it refers to designing the
technical aspects of a product to ensure it
meets user needs efficiently and effectively.
It includes:
- UI Components and variables
- Interface Components
- Data Components
- Brand Components
- Style Components
PM Considerations

Alignment with User Needs: A well-designed system

directly translates user requirements into a functioning
product.
Scalability: Ensures the product can handle growth in
users and data.
Performance: Determines how fast and reliably the
product responds to user interactions.
Reliability: Ensures the product functions correctly, even
in unexpected situations.
Maintainability: Eases ongoing development and
updates.
Key Concepts of
Requirements Analysis: Start by gathering and understanding
System Design user and business requirements. These form the basis for system
design.
Architectural Design: Define the high-level structure of the
system, including components, modules, and their interactions.
Data Design: Plan how data will be stored, accessed, and
manipulated within the system. Consider databases, data models,
and data flows.
Interface Design: Specify how different system components will
communicate with each other and external systems.
Security Design: Address security concerns, such as user
authentication, data encryption, and protection against
vulnerabilities.
Scalability and Performance: Ensure the system can handle
increased load and optimize its performance.
Reliability and Fault Tolerance: Plan for system redundancy,
backups, and recovery procedures to minimize downtime.
Testing and Quality Assurance: Develop a comprehensive testing
strategy to validate the system's functionality and reliability.
 Product Smart Product Smart Connected Product Product System System of Systems

CARE ALL Fall Detection Sensors, Notification through Elder Care Patient Management System,
Heart Beat Monitors, connected devices, Vaccinations Pharmacy System,
BP Monitors Better Care Management Telemetry System,
Laboratory Management System

Care
Connectivit System
y Vaccine

+ Patient Smart
Sensors Sensors Manageme Devices
Care nt System System
+ + Childre
System
Lab Test
Care
Manageme
n nt System

Pharmacy Telemetry
System System
Elders

Adding
Heartrat
e,Fall Smart
Care All Product System of
detectio Connected
System Systems
n Product
devices
 Product Smart Product Smart Connected Product System System of Systems
Product
Chair with six flexible Internet of Things (IoT) The system detects A smart IoT system for
force sensors sensor. two node based on Arduino wrong seating sitting posture detection
Office Chair on the backrest and four connects these sensors positions and notifies based on force sensors and
on the bottom seat, were into the system. the users. In advance, mobile applications.
embedded in the office a mobile application to
chair. create simple rules receive those
to detect correct sitting notifications. The user
posture in the term of gets feedback about
minimal computation sitting posture and
power requirements. additional statistical
data.
Information Architecture
Information architecture is the practice of deciding how to arrange the parts of
something to be understandable.
 Product Prototyping Strategy

Select any one type of prototype for your product and why you did so. (High-fidelity user prototypes, Low-fidelity user
prototypes, Live data prototypes, feasibility prototypes)

Types of Prototypes Used

Starting with Low-Fidelity prototyping, for it being cost effective.
High-fidelity prototype in the Initial stages to finalize the UI for the user.
At later stages, live data prototypes will be used for customer acquisition. As it needs to be connected to capture data
and then collate all the data to send alerts, alarms, and triggers.

Prototype Uses
To eliminate ambiguity, assist in ideation.
Fail quickly and cheaply
Manage the solution-building process. Identifying a variable to explore encourages to break a large problem down into
smaller, testable chunks.

Detail your prototyping plan and your approach on getting the prototype tested/validated in the market
 4

Introduction to prototyping and wire framing

Why Prototyping?

• A prototype is an early sample of a product

built to test a concept or process

What is a Wireframe?

• Wireframes are simple black and white

layouts that outline the specific size and
placement of page elements, site features,
and navigation for your website/ app
• Wireframes display site architecture

“
visually
• Wireframes allow for clarification of
website features
• Wireframes push usability to the forefront
• Wireframes help make the design process
iterative
 Product Requirement Documents (PRDs )

Product Management Product Engineering

How?
Why? • Features
• Target • Infrastructure • Design Spec
Segment • Customer Journey • Technology
& Needs • Execution Details
• Persona • User Experience • User Interface &
• Scenarios
• Constraints
API details
What?
Who?

How to Write a Product Requirements Document for Product Managers - YouTube

 Tools in Product Management
Name Link

Sourcecontrol tools Git, Mercurial, Subversion, CVS

ContinuousIntegrationtools Hudson,Jenkins,Travis,Strider

JIRA https://www.atlassian.com/software/jira
/free
Sprints https://www.zoho.com/sprints/

Miro https://miro.com/

Backlog https://backlog.com/

Lucid https://lucid.app/documents#/dashboard
Example of SQL
New Technologies: Generative AI

Generative AI is type of AI that

can produce new data, images,
text, music.

Tech Stack includes Machine Learning

Framework, Programming Languages,
Cloud Infrastructure, Data Processing
tools

Machine Learning includes Neural

networks, deep learning, computer
vision, Natural language Processing
 Content Generation Code Generation
Capturing Information, determine what is Scripting, Coding in programming languagues
happening and understand why is happening. using Prompts
Language and Speech Recognition, Thoughts
and Decision Processing

AI
CAPABIL
ITIES

Summarization Search
Machines can process and spot patterns in The machine identifies words or sentences
large amounts of data which can be which are matched with relevant content
combinations of sound, image or text. This within a large about of data.
surpasses the capability of humans, literally
seeing the woods from the trees.
Prompt engineering is a process of
designing, creating, and testing prompts
for natural language generation
systems.

Zero Shot prompting enables a model to

make predictions about previously
unseen data without the need for any
additional training.

One-shot prompting is used to generate

natural language text with a limited
amount of input data such as a single
example or template.

Few-shot prompting is a technique

where the model is given a small
number of examples, typically between
two and five, in order to quickly adapt
to new examples of previously seen
objects.
What is ChatGPT?
ChatGPT is a chatbot, or a virtual assistant, that Product Management
you can ask questions and it will provide Responsibilities:
answers.
- Ideation
There are limitless ways that Product Managers - Analyze Market Signals
can use Chat GPT to help with the day-to-day - Competitive Analysis
and bigger-picture tasks of the product. - Use cases and user journey
- Wireframing & Prototyping
You need to be clear, concise, and specific. Ask - Product Development
the right questions, and you’ll get the answers - Launch
you need. - Product Analytics
- Customer Support
Like the art of conversation, you must lay out - Post Mortem
WHAT you want and HOW you want it. You
might even need to give a hint as to WHY to get
the “right” kind of output
 Chat GPT scenarios helping business in achieving
profit maximization
Market Signals Code Creation
• Market Research • Code Generation
• Sentiment Analysis • Code Interpretation
• Translation

Chatbots Documentation
•
•
Maker Tutorials
Text Classification
Chat GPT •
•
Document Clustering
Summarization
• Conversational Agent over
Data

Content Management Product Strategy

• Content Recommendations • Writing PRD
• User Journey & Wire flow
• Content Generation • Launch & Strategy
• Automated Customer Service .
Use ChatGPT for Market research

Use it for finding competitors, and alternatives, performing market sizing, summarizing
value props of your competitors, and more.

Prompt 1: creating a {music streaming app for people who regularly cycle or walk}. Can
you help me with a list of competitors in this space, their value propositions, and their
weaknesses? Please put data in a tabular format.
Sample of Market Research
Use ChatGPT for Writing PRD

Use it for to write Product Requirement Document

Prompt : Write a PRD for streaming app for Cyclist persona who is looking for gaining
insights on daily basis with agenda or summary in the beginning
PRD Prep:
Use ChatGPT for Creating User Flow or User
Journey

Use it for to ideate and design user journey or user flow to prepare service journey of the
application

Prompt : creating a {music streaming app for people who regularly cycle or walk}.
Generate user flow to design a service journey
User Flows
Use ChatGPT to convert features into user stories

User stories help you and your team remain truly user-centric and outcome-focused.
However, converting features into user stories is always a challenge for product
managers.

Use these prompts to help yourself:

→ Prompt 1: I am creating a product with the following features: {Paste features here}.
Can you help me write user stories from this information?
→ Prompt 2: This is my PRD, can you help me craft user stories from this?
→ Prompt 3: What might be some good user stories to include in a PRD for {app idea}
Wireframe
Design

Prompt : creating a
{music streaming app
for people who
regularly gym goers}.
Generate wireframe
design
Technical
Architecture

Prompt : creating a
{music streaming app
for people who
regularly gym goers}.
Generate high level
technical architecture
Product Launch

Prompt :creating a
{music streaming app
for people who
regularly gym goers}.
Generate product
launch strategy
Product
Analytics

Prompt: creating a
{music streaming app
for people who
regularly gym goers}
What could be the
success metrics and L1,
and L2 metrics for a
music streaming app?
Explained in your PRD
above?
Product
Analytics

Prompt: creating a
{music streaming app
for people who
regularly gym goers}
What could be the
success metrics and L1,
and L2 metrics for a
music streaming app?
Explained in your PRD
above?
Use ChatGPT to Post-mortem if Product Fails

→ Prompt 1: We have created a music streaming app for fitness enthusiasts. However, it
failed to attract any market share. What could be the reasons for the same?

→Prompt 2: I have done exhaustive user research to come up with problems for my users
of the music streaming app. What are the things I could have done wrong here, and how
can I improve?

→Prompt 3: We are all set to launch the product in a couple of weeks. Here is the
description of the product {paste PRD}. Can you tell us in case we are not able to ship the
product on time what could be the reasons and how to avoid them?
Anything is possible with AI now…
Thank You

5
More on API

Public API→ Open and available for use

Partner API→ specifically selected and authorized

outside developers or API consumers, is a means to
facilitate business-to-business activities

Internal API→ An internal or private API is intended

only for use within the enterprise to connect systems and
data within the business.

Composite API→ Composite APIs generally combine

two or more APIs to craft a sequence of related or
interdependent operations
 2

- PM does not need to understand the depth of the technology

- Technology is a series of logical steps. Asking the right set of questions will help you as PM to
build the product

- In digital Product Management, PM’s role revolves around these 3 technology components

API Integration Database