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Source Rocks

Source Rocks

Uploaded by

Rizwan Farid
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
16 views

Source Rocks

Source Rocks

Uploaded by

Rizwan Farid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Source Rock

SOURCE ROCK EVALUATION 1


INTRODUCTION

Source rock is the most important element in


the petroleum system as it refers to rocks from
which hydrocarbons have been generated.
Source rock is a sedimentary rock contains
amount of Organic matter enough to produce
H.C when subjected to high P&T over an
extend period of time, typical example source
rock(Shale, Clay and Marl).
SOURCE ROCK EVALUATION 2
Source Rock Outcrop

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Classification of Source Rock

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Classification of Source Rock

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Source Rock Depositional Environment

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Source Rock Depositional Environment
Marine Environment

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Lacustrine Environment

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 Evaluation of the source rock:
Evaluation of source rock based on:
 Organic matter richness.
 Type of organic matter.
 Degree of H.C maturation.

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 Organic matter richness

Shale contains 99% rock + 1% organic


matter (90% kerogen + 10% bitumen).

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 Source Rock Evaluation based on TOC

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 Types of organic matter

• Kerogen : Fraction of Organic Matter


Insoluble in Organic Solvents.

• Bitumen : Fraction of Organic Matter


Soluble in Organic Solvents.

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Kerogen Type I (Alginite)
Formed from algal remains
deposited under anoxic conditions
in deep lakes, they tend to
generate waxy crude oil when
exposed to high temperature and
pressure during deep burial. High
H:C(~1.65) & Low O:C.
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Kerogen Type II (Exinite)
Formed from Pollens and spores
remains preserved under anoxic
conditions, they produce both oil
and gas when thermally cracked
during deep burial. Intermediate
H:C(~1.25)& Intermediate O:C.

SOURCE ROCK EVALUATION 18


Kerogen Type III (Vitrinite)
Formed from terrestrial plants
material that has been decomposed
by bacteria and fungi under oxic
or sub-oxic conditions, they tend
to generate mostly gas with light
oils when thermally cracked
during deep burial. Low
H:C(~0.84)& High O:C.
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Kerogen Type IV (Inertinite)

Inertinite is considered to be the


equivalent of charcoal and
degraded plant material, indication
of oxidation due to atmospheric
exposure or fungal decomposition
during deposition.

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Visual Kerogen Analysis

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 Degree of H.C maturation

oOptical Methods:
Color change during maturation.
Vitrinite reflectance.
oGeochemical Methods
Rock Eval Pyrolysis.
 GC
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Color change during maturation
SCI, TAI Conodont A.I:

• Yellow (Immature)
• Yellowish brown
(Mature)
• Brown
• Black ( Over mature )

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Coal Rank

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Vitrinite reflectance

• Determine degree of H.C maturation.


• High %VRo indicates high maturation.

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 Rock Eval Pyrolysis

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 Rock Eval Pyrolysis

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 Rock Eval Pyrolysis

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 Rock Eval Pyrolysis

S1 S2

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 Rock Eval Pyrolysis

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 Rock Eval Pyrolysis

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 Rock Eval Pyrolysis

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 Rock Eval Pyrolysis

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Geochemical Log

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 Rock Eval Pyrolysis

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 Gas Chromatograph

 Separation and analysis of organic


compounds
 Testing purity of compounds
 Determine relative amounts of
components in mixture
 Compound identification
 Isolation of pure compounds

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 Gas Chromatograph

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Stratigraphic Column & Petroleum System of Muglad Basin

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Geochemical Log/Muglad Basin, Sudan

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Thanks For Your Attention

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