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Lecture2-Introduction To Sensor

Lecture

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Seth Rathanak
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10 views

Lecture2-Introduction To Sensor

Lecture

Uploaded by

Seth Rathanak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

Introduction

to sensor

1
Definition of sensor

2
Definition of sensor

Sensor is a device used to sense a physical variable, which includes, but is not limited to:
temperature, strain, humidity, pressure, mass, light, and voltage. To sense these
variables, we need to convert them into a universal and easily accessible signal. This
universal signal is electrical signal.

Physical variable Electrical signal


Sensor

3
Examples

Temperature Resistance Force Voltage


Sensor Sensor

Pressure Resistance Chemical Current


Sensor Sensor

Light Current Acceleration Capacitance


Sensor Sensor

4
Definition of transducer

Transducer is a device which converts energy from one form to another. it is also called
“energy conversion device. In some case, transducer and sensor are the same. The
difference between sensor and transducer is that transducer can consist of sensor and
signal conditioning circuit

Physical variable Physical variable


Transducer

Transducer

Physical variable Electrical signal


sensor Signal conditioning

5
Physical variable

• Acoustic : wave amplitude, wave velocity, wave frequency

• Mechanical: Force, pressure, velocity, acceleration

• Optical : Intensity, absorption, reflectivity, refraction index

• Chemical: Acid, base, chemical substance

• Thermal: temperature, thermal conductivity

• Biological : DNA, RNA, specific protein, virus particle, bacterium

6
Electrical signal

• Resistance

• Capacitance

• Inductance

• Current

• Voltage (universal)

7
Sensor classification

• Type of input

• Type of output

• Power supply

• Material

• Conversion phenomena

8
Application

• Robotic and Automation

• Communication

• Military and Aerospace

• Medical application

• Industrial application

• IoT device

9
Sensor selection

Temperature range

Corrosion

Size

Over-range protection

Environmetal factor Ruggedness

Power consumption

Electromagnetic effect

Humidity effect

Self-test capability

10
Sensor selection

Cost

Economic factor Life-time

Availability

11
Sensor selection

Input/output range

Error

Repeatability

Sensitivity

Performance Resolution

Accuracy and precision

Linearity

Time respond

Time delay

12
Example

Ultrasonic Sensor Potentiometer Pressure sensor

Accelerometer Sensor Encoder Sensor 13


Example

Infrared Sensor Photoresistor Temperature Sensor

Temperature and Humidity Sensor Induction Sensor


14
END

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