PAPER 2. Writing PAPER 3 Ustening PAPER 4 Speaki Essential tips ‘Question 2 Wich ofthe four verbs collocaes with Weight? ‘Question 5: Lok athe content Feit good thing that diets dont work for most people? Does the Iissing word havea positive or agate meaning? ‘Question 6 Which ofthe four fours ean be followed bythe proposton o and » gerund? For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A,B, © or D) best fits each gap. There is an example atthe beginning () ‘Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Examp © A quantiy piece = unt > part fla se Going on a diet A calorie i 8 (on for messuring the amount of energy food wil produce, The average person needs about 1800 calories per day to stay healthy. Without eneray, the hear cannot. loodthrough blod vessels and the organs cant function YOU (2)..nu weight because you consume more colors a day than your body requires. Tho only way to lose weight i 0 (the number of calories you consume, Thi isthe basi 4. behind most des (8). dots dont work for most people I's not that they do lose weight: hey do, but whon they goof the dot. the kilos creep back. The (@)..t Iosing weight ‘and maintaining weight los is @ sensible diet and exercise plan. You need to work ‘out how to eat fewer calories than you (7)... consume. You should also exercise dally $0 you can use up calories. Burning 250 or 600 calories per day can (8) abig difference. 1A pump 8 pull © drag D force 2 A make B increase gain D put 3A shrink B take © remove D reduce 4 Away B principla © method D kin 5 A Similerly —B Though Unfortunately Although 6 A key B socrat way D idea 7A preferably B actually consistently eventually 8 A have B do © make D give 28 cambricge English Fist Test @ >> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English > Parusu For questions 8-16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits esch ‘Gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example atthe beginning (0) PAPER 2 Writing ‘Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. PAPER 3 Ustening PAPER 4 Speaking I'm not superstitious, honestly! How (0) ..... people could truly say they are not superstitious? A recent survey ‘shows that almost 90% of people believe in one sort of superstition (8)... another ‘and say that it influences thei lives. ‘One of the questions people (10)... asked is whether they saw themselves as lucky ‘or unlucky Their anewars turned out to be the most interesting aspect of this survey. Nesrly two-thirds (11)... those taking part said they believed that people were naturally lucky or unlucky. Professor Morgan Howard, (12)... analysed th: by this finding, so he went @ stop further ond asked these people (19) sun» kind of ‘superstitions they believed in. (14)... his surprise, he discovered that almost llthe people who regarded themselves (16)... lucky believed in positive superstitions. ‘They did things to promote their good luck, such as crossing their fingers. (16) ‘would appear that people make their own luck by ther attitude to Iie. sults ofthe survey, was fascinated Essential tips ‘Question 10: she vorb ack bang usd in tho activ or tho passive form hers? ‘Question 13: The gop is part of an inact question about the kindof supertions people bole in. ‘Question 1: The gap follows verb, rgar and a reflexive pronoun, themselves. What reposition comes afer regard obec? Cambrego Enos: Fist Test 2 >> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English >> Parc? 29}Exam Essentials eee Use of English For questions 17-24, read the tent below. Use the word given in capitals atthe end ‘of some of the lines to form @ word that fits in the gap inthe same line, There is an example atthe beginning () \Whte your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. Wild animals Essential tips ‘Wile animals have (0... made an appearance inthe beck RECENT ueeten 17 The missing word sardone of American subur ‘ave caused havoe an Ise orb. What verb form do you | Sarctons of eee shaver and eed? have (17)... domestic pots. THREAT ‘Question 18: The gap is botwoon ‘he ausiiry (have andthe mala ‘orb (alecovered, soi must te | Mountain lone that wander into suburbs are now quite eae) ft 10 attack humans, which is worrying, while bears eee ee (18) son tat - ving, while be wie faeluly says. loge number | and wolves have (18)... discovered rubbish bins. you APPARENT yes tee sna find the 20)... of your bin seattered allover the garden ‘CONTAIN fone morning, there is a distinct (21)... that a bear POSSIBLE has been feasting there during the night. Nobody should be particularly surprised by this development, ‘which was predicted by experts years ago, and it's not (22) «2.» under the circumstances. One cause is the massive EXPECT expansion of (28)... Into areas that were wild and House Luninhabited not long ago. In addition, ever the past few decades 8 large number of (24... have been placed on hunting RESTRICT certain animals, allowing their populations to grow It looks as it humans will simply have to get used to their new neighbours. 30 comariege Enos Fst Test 2 »> PAPER Reading and Use of English >> PartsFor questions 25-80, complate the second sentence so thet it has a similar meening to the first sentence, using the word given. De net change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given, Here is an example (0) PAPER 2. Writing PAPER 3 Ustening s Example: PAPER 4 Speaking ys (0. Filbe very happy when | go on holiday FORWARD Fm sn on holiday, “The gap can be filled by the words ‘looking forward to going’ so you write: example: [0 JLOOKING FORWARD TO GOING Essential HPS ic. ony.no ising words CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate newer shot eer Se eeeates ee, coe fa a a eae veins: ae Seah ee ppt 25 The phone was cheaper than | expected. as. The phone WAS son . - Lexpocted, 26 Why didn't you toll me | was wrong? Tow You | was wrong. 27 She found the photographs when she was cleaning her room, came She vn When she was cl ning her room. 28 How many portraits did Picasso paint? By How many porta sw Pleasso? 29 ‘Please don't stay out late his mother sai. ‘ASKED His mother out ate 20 rather not go out this afternoon FEEL 1 svn Out this afternoon, Comricge Enos: Fist Test 2 >> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English >> area 31)TEST Exam Essentials oo Tre eee You are going to read an article about life in the countryside. For questions 31-36, choose the answer (A,B, C or D) which you think fits best according tothe tox. Ustening “Mark your answers on the separate answer shest. PAPER 4 speaking How | came to envy the country mice {have been living in London for more than 60 years, but still, when I'm driving and take some clever back-street short cut, leatch myself thinking: how extraordinary that itis me doing this! For a moment the town mouse I have become is being seen by the country mouse | used to be. And although, given ‘a new start, | would again become a town mouse, when I visit relations in the country, | envy them. Recently, | stood beside a freshwater lake in Norfolk, made by diverting a small river, near where my brother lives. As he was identifying some of the birds wo could see, in came seven swans. They circled then the haunting sound of their wing beats gave way to silence as they glided down for splashdown. It is not a ‘picturesque’ part of the coast, but it has a definite character of line and light and colour. "You do live in a lovely place,’ | said to my brother, and he answered, ‘Yes, | do.’ There are probably few days when he does not pause to recognise its loveliness as he works with his boats ~ he teaches sailing ~ or goes about his many other occupations. The lake's creator is a local landowner, continuing a tradition whereby the nature of our countryside has been determined by those who own the land. Formerly, landowners would almost certainly have made such changes for their own benefit, but this time it was done to help preserve the wildlife here, tne 18 which is available for any visitor to see, providing they do nothing to disturb the birds. It is evidence of change: country life is changing fast. One of the biggest changes | have witnessed is that second-homers, together with commuters, have ‘come to be accepted as a vital part of the country scene. And the men and women who service their ‘ears, dig their gardens, lay their carpets and do all the other things they need are vital to modern county life. It is quite likely that the children of today’s workers may be moving into the same kind ‘of jobs as the second-homers and the retired, Both the children of @ country woman | know are at university, and she herself, now that they have left home, is working towards a university degree, Much depends, of course, on the part of the countryside you are living in and on personality ~ your own and that of your neighbours. In my brother's Norfolk village, social life seems dizzying to a Londoner. In addition to dropping in on neighbours, people throw and attend parties far mare often than we do. My brother's wife Mary and her friends are always going into Norwich for a concert or to King’s Lynn for an exhibition. The boring country life that people from cities talk about isa thing of the. past - oF perhaps it was always mainly in their minds, This is very unlike living in @ London street for 60 years and only knowing the names of four other residents. In these 50 years | have made only one real friend among them. do enjoy my life, and Mary says that she sometimes envies it (the grass on the other side of the fence ...; but whenever | go to Norfolk, | end up feeling that the lives of country mice are more admirable than my own. }32 _cambriaoe Enos: First Test 2>> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English >» PartsEssential tips tor roading the tox for (general understanding, read och question and sea if you an locate the answer inthe tox. Whon you Tocatothe sworn the text undring it'Some questions reer {o speci lines inthe txt (uoston 3), wns omers tater to speci pregraphs (Gvoston 36. > Look earful atthe key ‘worden the four options: For example in question 31, ‘option A, the kay words are “ving through beck streets and source of surprise. This fpton can ony be caroct it ‘the writer dows deve through back stress and e surprised {arfind herself doing thi. ‘Question 32: The tox rfors to the sound ofthe awane landing, ‘Does tay that he sound was ory loud, in whieh ease ‘eatoning would be the correct ‘newer? How i heurting sed here? ‘Question 4: The question ‘2k you what is suggested bout outsiders Tia moans the answer isnot leary stated Inthe text. You need to ‘read ‘tween the ines and soe what |simpled inthe tox. ‘uestion 3: The answer to tis {queaton ean be found in the ole ofthe last paragraph. 4 Cambrcge Eng Itis sometimes a source of surprise to the writer to find herself driving through back streets. that she has beon in the city for go long. to realise how much she has got used to living in London, ‘that she lives in the city when she prefers the country ‘The atmosphere created by the writer when she describes the swans is A moving B frightening. © deafening D. disturbing What does‘ in line 18 refer to? the lake the fact thatthe lake belongs to@ landowner here the reason forthe landowners action the fact that wildlife now needs to be preserved What suggested about outsiders who now live in the country? ‘A. that country people no longer reject ther B_ that they often do work like servicing cars and digging gardens © thatthe men and women who work for them are from the city 1D_ that many of them have been in the countryside fora long time Socal Inthe country [A depends completely on where you live. Bis notas boring as people in cities think itis. © is not affected by your neighbours. is always less exciting than life in the city. What do we learn about the writer’ attitude to London in the final paragraph? ‘She can't adjust to living in London. She has regretted moving to London. ‘The people in her street are unusually unfriendly Life there is very different to country lite For the Glossary see page 47 First Test 2>> PAPER 1 Reacing and Use of English >> Parts 33TEST Exam Essentials You are going to read an article about the evolution of hands. Six sentences have bbeen removed fram the article, Choose fram the sentencas A-G the one which fit fach gap (37-42) There i one extra sentence which you do not need to use [Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet Our amazing hands ‘The hand is where the mind meets the world. We use our hands to build fires, to steer airplanes, to write. The human brain, with its open-ended creativity, may be the thing that makes our species unique. But without hands, all the grand ideas we think up would ‘come to nothing. ‘The reason we can use our hands for so many things is their extraordinary anatomy. [37] | Some are connected to bones within the hand, while others snake theit way to the arm. The wrist is a floating ‘group of bones and ligaments threaded with biood vessels and nerves. The nerves send branches into ‘each fingertip. The hand can generate fine forces or huge ones. A watchmaker can use his hands to set springs in place under a microscope. A sportsman can use the same anatomy to throw a ball at over 100 Kilometres an hour. Other species have hands 100. In other cases we have to look closer. A bat's wings may look like shoots of skin. But underneath, a bat has the same five fingers as a human, as well as a wrist connected to the same cluster of wrist bones connected to the same long bones of the arm. In exploring how hands have evolved, researchers over the past 150 years have dug up fossils on every continent. They've compared the anatomy of hands in living animals. They've studied the genes that build hands. It appears that our hands began to evolve at least 380 million years ago from fins — not the flat, Fidged fine of a goldfish but the muscular, stout fins of extinct relatives of today's lungfish, Inside these were 2 few chunky bones corresponding othe bones in our arms. The digits later emerged and became feparate, allowing the animals to grip underwater vegetation as they clambered through it [HO] —|some species had seven fingers. Others had eight. But by the time vertebrates were walking around on dry land 340 milion years ago, the hand had been scaled back to only five fingers, It has retained that ‘number of fingers ever since - for reasons scientists don't yet know. Nevertheless, there are still many different types of hhands in living species, from dolphin flippers to eagle wings to the hanging hooks of sloths. They can also see that despite the outward differences, al hhands start out in much the same way. There is a network of many genes that builds a hand, and all hhands are built by variations on that same network. It takes only subtle changes in these genes to make fingers longer or to turn nails into claws. The discovery of the molecular toolbox for hand building has given scientists a deeper understanding of evolution, [42] _]It may just be a litle more of one protein here, ile less of another there. In the past, sciantists could recognise only the outward signs that hands had evolved from a common ancestor. Today scientists are uncovering the inward signs os well 34 cayrioe Enos Frse Test 2 >> PAPER 4 Reading and Use of English +) Part ©‘A. Over time, smallor ones developed that would eventually become wrists and fingers. B Although a vulture’s wing and a lion's paw ‘may appear to have nothing in common, the difference between tham may come down to tiny variations. © They also use them for a number of different purposes. D_ No one would doubt that the five fingers at the end of an orangutan’s arm are part of anything else, E By studying these, scientists are beginning to understand the molecular changes that led to such dramatic variations. F The thumb alone is controlled by nine separate muscles. Early hands wore more exotic than any hand today. Essential tips > Read he main text from which paragraphs have bean ‘aapped to get the genera ides. Look carefully a the sontenees before and aftr the gap. ‘Are there ony words tat show you what te misting ‘entonce about? > Thare are many ways you can lnk pants of a text. could be- contrast 8 comparison an example, et. Look for linking expressions that connect tas Ina txt. Pay special ateation 9 nouns, pronouns, word ike thie ‘and that and any thor words or phrase that ofr to ‘hat hes gone Before or what comes ter hem, ‘amazingly constucte ther extraordinary anatomy. Sentence option that fis his gap i an example of his and Tinks wth tha sentence ster the gop ‘Question 38: The sentence befor th species Two sontance options refer a other species, but ‘nly one links wit the sentence afer the gap. ‘Question 41: The sentence before the gap describes ‘iforont typos of hands, The sentence option that bap rela Berth gap, tho does they refer to? For the Glossary see page 47 >> Cambrlalge Ens: Fist Test2 >> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English >> arts 35}Exam Essentials ‘You are going to raad an article about the activities organised by four schools for Environmental Awareness Day. For questions 43-52 choose from the schools (A-D). ‘The schools may be chosen more than once. "Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Which school became better known after Environmental Awareness Day? provided ontine information about the environment? asked a specialist to give # talk? money to help an organisation? organised # trip to study animals by the sea? is following changes in genoral woathor conditions? ASRBBRE carted out a project about endangered animals and plants? arranged a talk on pollution and local architecture? decided to protect a local historical site? Ga I is located in the contre ofthe city? Essential tips > Read the questions ft, nd underline key words. Make sure you understand what the ‘question asks. > Looata the answers in the text and underline tha, When you read the tet, lok for wordsphrases which express similis. Do not Took or dential words ‘Question 4: How can we provide ontine information? ‘Question 4: How can a schoo alse money? When you tr 10 locete the answer, do not look forthe verb aso. Look forthe idea of raising money. ‘Question 4: Can you nd another way of saying general weather condtions? For the Glossary see pa 136 cambridge sh: First Test 2 >> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English >» Pare 7Environmental Awareness Day A Plumpton High Schoo! ‘This school decided to arrange a variety of activities, some aimed at achieving a better understanding of environmental problems, and others designed to be of practical help. For instance, the school magazine brought out a special edition on the subject, full of articles and stories where pupils. expressed their feolings about the threats facing ‘ur environment. In another attempt to find out for themselves how serious these threats really are, the pupils decided to study the problem of pollution by making a survey, run by the science department, into air pollution in the local shopping. Centre, The school also held a spansored walk and handed over nearly £1000 to the World Wide Fund for Nature. Pupils prepared a campaign to ban cars. {rom the city centre and reduce traffic congestion. They gained a lot of publicity for the school by cyeling through the city and handing out brochures. about the benefits of cycling and walking, B Cresswell College The staff and students at Cresswell College held a meeting and discussed @ number of suggestions. The most popular suggestion turned out to be the ‘most practical one; it was decided that the local environment should be brightened up. Teams were sent out to plant flowers and young trees on areas Of land in'the neighbourhood. Senior students ‘monitored the progress of species threatened with extinction and prepared a report on their findings. It was hoped that this would help publicise the problem. A leading expert on wild birds was invited to come and give a talk about the dangers faced by these creatures. He explained the importance of the food chain and ssked people to support local wildlife reserves. © Grayner institute This school had already been involved in some projects connected with the environment, though naturally efforts were increased for Environmental ‘Awareness Day. For the last two years the school had been studying the effects of variations in climatic patterns around the world and how these can affect wildlife. A film about those magnificent ‘marine mammals, whales, which was shown to the whole school as part of Environmental Awareness Day, was received with great enthusiasm by pupils. Meredith Summers was invited to talk about how pollution can destroy buildings in the region. Following that, pupils decided to launch acampaign for the restoration of the medieval square in the city centre and asked local authorities to support them financially Halliwell Academy The pupils at this inner-city secondary school felt that the best way to mark Environmental Awareness Day would be to help people in the ‘area understand how important the environment is to them, One suggestion that was greeted with enthusiasm was to measure the levels of noise in Stanley Road, a busy local shopping street. The information was then placed on a website that ‘the school had started. In order to give them a chance to see for themselves the problems facing some local species, the school took pupils to the coastal marshes of Easton. Many pupils reported afterwards that they had never realised how terrible the effects of pollution could be on coastal wildlife. vege Enos: Fist Test2 ¥> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English >> Pak7 37}