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Module1 Unit1 Waves

Waves

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Module1 Unit1 Waves

Waves

Uploaded by

praisee663
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHY104: GENERAL PHYSICS IV

(VIBRATION OPTICS AND WAVES)


PHY104: GENERAL PHYSICS IV (VIBRATION OPTICS AND WAVES)
CONTENT
MODULE 1: Waves
Unit 1: Waves
Unit 2: Properties of waves
Unit 3: Waves Equation
Unit 4: Propagation of sound matter: In gases, solids and liquids and their properties.
Unit 5: Huygens’s principle

MODULE 2: Simple harmonic motion (SHM)


Unit 1: Energy in a vibrating system
Unit 2: Damped SHM, Q values and power response curves
Unit 3: Forced SHM
Unit 4: Resonance and transients
Unit 5: Coupled SHM.
Unit 6: Normal modes.

MODULE 3: Optics
Unit 1: Nature and propagation of light
Unit 2: Thin lenses and optical instruments
MODULE 1: WAVES
Unit 1: Waves
Unit 2: Properties of Waves
Unit 3: Waves Equation
Unit 4: Propagation of Sound Matter: in Gases, Solids and Liquids and their Properties.
Unit 5: Huygens’s Principle
UNIT 1:
WAVES
Contents
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Learning Objectives
3.0 Learning Content
3.1 Definition of waves
3.2 Classification of Waves
3.3 Types of waves
4.0 Summary/Conclusion
5.0 Assignment
6. 0 References/Further Reading
1. Introduction
Waves are fundamental phenomenon in the natural world, occurring in various
forms and scales. From the ripples on a serene lake to the roar of the ocean, from sound
waves that fill the air to light waves that illuminate our surroundings, waves are an essential
part of our everyday lives. In physics, waves describe the transfer of energy through a
medium, showcasing the fascinating ways in which energy can propagate and interact with
its environment. Welcome to the fascinating world of waves. Waves are fundamental aspect
of our physical reality, surrounding us in various forms and scales. From the rhythmic
motion of ocean waves to the vibrations of sound waves and from the electromagnetic
spectrum to the quantum realm, waves play a crucial role in shaping our understanding of
the universe. In this topic, we will delve into structural components of waves, explore their
thematic applications, and provide guidance on how to analyze and interpret wave
phenomena.
2.0 Learning Objectives
The Learner should be able to establish different sources of waves, the common properties of
waves and their behavior.

3.0 Learning Content


3.1 Definition of waves
Wave can be described as, any disturbance which travels through the medium due to the
repeated periodic motion of the particles about their mean position, and transporting energy from
one point to another without transporting matter.
3.2 Classification of Waves
Waves can be classified into two main category; Mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves.
 Mechanical Waves: - The wave which require a material medium for their propagation
are called mechanical wave. Example of mechanical wave are sound wave, wave in
strings, water waves, seismic wave, etc. In this type of waves, the particles of the medium
oscillate back and forth as the wave passes through, transferring energy from one particle
to the next. The interactions between particles create a wave pattern that can be observed
as a series of oscillations or vibrations.
 Electromagnetic Waves: - The electromagnetic wave on the other hand, do not require
any material medium to travel through and can propagate through vacuum. These waves
are produced by oscillating electric and magnetic fields and can travel through space at the
speed of light. Example of electromagnetic waves include radio waves, microwaves,
infrared radiation, visible light waves, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays. etc.
3.3 Types of waves:
On the basis of direction of vibration of particle waves are of two types, which are as follows
Transverse and Longitudinal waves.

1. Transverse Wave: - If the vibration of particle of the medium are right angles to direction
of propagation of wave, then such wave is called transverse wave. That is they vibrate
perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. They are transmitted in the form of
crest trough

2. Longitudinal Wave: - If the vibration of particle of the medium are in the direction of
propagation at a wave. Such wave is called longitudinal wave. In longitudinal wave,
particles vibrates in the form of compression and rarefaction. That is, they vibrate parallel
to the direction of wave propagation. Example Sound wave.

4.0 Summary
Waves are disturbances that transfer energy through a medium or vacuum, characterized
by properties such as amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and speed. They areclassified by their
propagation medium (mechanical or electromagnetic), particle motion (transverse or
longitudinal), and wave-front shape (plane or spherical). The main types of waves include
mechanical waves like sound and seismic waves, electromagnetic waves like light and radio
waves, and surface waves such as those on water
5.0 Assignment
1. Briefly explain the classification of waves.
2. Discuss between transverse and longitudinal waves.
3. Mention two examples each of transverse and longitudinal waves.
6.0 References/ Further Reading
1. Conceptual Physics" by Paul G. Hewitt
A highly accessible textbook that introduces fundamental concepts of physics, including
detailed chapters on waves and sound.
2. Physics for Scientists and Engineers" by Raymond A. Serway and John W. Jewett
A comprehensive textbook used in many introductory physics courses, providing an in-
depth exploration of wave mechanics, including mathematical descriptions

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