Introduction To Management
Introduction To Management
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Session objectives
At the end of this session all students able to:
• Define management and other health service
related terms
• Analyze effectiveness & efficiency
• Review the levels, roles and skills of managers
• State the principles of management
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outlines
• Definition of terms • Management level
• Types of • Managerial role
management • Principle of
• Managerial skill management
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Activity (5 minutes)
❑What is:
✓ Health?
✓ Health care?
✓ Health services?
✓ Health service organization?
✓ Health Systems?
✓ Organization?
✓ Goals?
✓ Efficiency?
✓ Effectiveness?
✓ Management?
Definition of terms
➢ Health: is state of complete mental, physical and social well being and
➢ Health care : is the total societal effort, undertaken in the private and
health.
➢ Will this action move us toward or away from our organizational goal?
Importance of goal
Efficiency
organizational objectives.
– Reading assignment
• Read about Technical and Allocative efficiency???
Effectiveness
been achieved.
Resource Goal
usage attainment
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Overview of Management
• Management is a critical element in economic development.
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what is management?
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What is Management?
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1.Top / Senior managers
• Mangers responsible for the overall management of the
organization.
• Top management lays down the objectives and broad
policies of the organization.
• They issues necessary guideline for preparation of
department budgets, procedures, schedules etc.
• They prepares strategic plans & policies for the
organization.
• They appoints the executive for middle level i.e.
departmental managers.
• They controls & coordinates the activities of all the parts
of the organization.
• They are also responsible for maintaining a contact with
the outside world.
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2. Middle managers
• They execute the plans of the organization in accordance with
the policies and directives of the top management.
• They make plans for the sub-units of the organization.
• They participate in employment & training of lower level
management.
• They interpret and explain policies from top level management
to lower level.
• They are responsible for coordinating the activities within the
division or department.
• they also sends important reports and other important data to
top level management.
• They evaluate performance of junior/lower managers.
• They are also responsible for inspiring lower level managers
towards better performance.
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3. First-line (first/ low level), supervisory managers
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Cont..
▪ They supervise & guide the sub-ordinates.
▪ They arrange necessary materials, machines, tools etc. for getting the
things done.
▪ They are the image builders of the organization because they are in direct
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The difference is in the scope of activities they oversee.
managers are :
➢ Organizational activity.
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Classification based on scope of activities
▪ General Manager:
▪ Functional Manager:
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Managerial skills
1. Technical Skill
3. Conceptual Skill
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Managerial Skills…
1. Technical Skill
➢ The ability to use procedures, techniques and
knowledge of a specialized field using specialized
knowledge and expertise in executing work-related
techniques and procedures.
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Managerial Skills…
➢ A manager with this skill has the ability or better understand how
various functions of the organization complement one another.
➢ How changes in one part of the organization affect the rest of the
organization.
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Managerial Skills…
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Management level and skills
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Management roles
• A role is an organized set of behaviors.
1. Interpersonal roles
2. Informational roles
3. Decisional roles
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Mintzberg’s managerial roles
Informational role
➢Monitor
➢Disseminator
➢Spokesperson
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Management roles…
1. Interpersonal roles
• Interpersonal roles provide managers with
opportunities to gather information based on the use of
formal authority.
1.1. Figurehead:
– Performs symbolic routine duties of legal or social nature.
– As a figurehead, a manager routinely performs certain
ceremonial duties including attending inauguration ceremony,
addressing the media or taking people to dinner, entertaining
visitors, officiating a luncheon, etc.
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Interpersonal roles…
1.2 Leader
– Motivates subordinates, and ensures hiring and
training of staff.
2.3. Spokesperson
– Transmits to outsiders information about organizations policies,
plans, actions, results.
– Deals with external clients, professionals and interested parties
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Management roles…
3. Decisional roles
3.1. Entrepreneur:
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Decisional roles…
3.2. Disturbance handler:
– Dealing with disputes and strikes
– Initiates corrective action when organization faces
important, unexpected disturbances.
– Implementing strategy to resolve disturbances and crisis
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Decisional roles…
3.4. Negotiator:
– Represents the organization in major negotiations.
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Principles of management
1. Management by Objective
2. Learning from Experience
3. Division of Labour
4. Substitution of Resources
5. Convergence of Work
6. Functions Determine Structure
7. Delegation
8. Management by exception
9. Shortest Decision-path
10. Management by Walking Around
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Principles of management….
1. Management by Objective
Management sees that objectives are specified and then that they
are achieved.
The objectives should include:
➢ What is to be accomplished?
➢ How much of it?
➢ Where it is to be done?
➢ When it is to be completed?
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Principles of management…
3. Division of Labour
– Management attempts to bring about balance of work
among the different work and the different people
concerned.
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Principles of management…
4. Substitution of Resources
– Often when the resources that are normally used to provide
service became scarce or too expensive, different resources
may be used to provide the intended results.
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Principles of management…
5. Convergence of Work
❑ Working relations should contribute to the success of
each activity and so to general effectiveness.
❑ These working relations of activities are:
➢The logical relations with each other
➢Time relations or sequence
➢Spatial relations between activities
➢Functional and structural working relations between
people.
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Principles of management…
7. Delegation
motivation, risks/rewards
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Principles of management…
8. Management by exception
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Principles of management…
9. Shortest Decision-path
by it.
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Principles of management…