Tae Classify Can you find two kinds of animals in this photo? The orange clown fish are easy to find. The green stuff they are hiding in is also an animal! There are many kinds of animals. How can you put animals into groups that are alike?Inquiry Activity How can you classify animals? Classify animals to form groups that have 4 plastic similar characteristics. containers @ Observe Look at each animal. What eg structures does each animal have? Does each animal have legs? If so, how many? Be Does each animal have a distinct head . and body? Communicate Make a chart like the ‘one shown. Use words and pictures describe characteristics of each animal Classify Put the animals into groups that are alike. Use the infort your chart to help you. Is there more than one way to group the animals? Interpret Data Which two animals are most similar to each other? Communicate What rule did you use to classify the animals? Why did you classify the animals the way you did? Classify What other animals fit into your groups? Add animals to each of your groups. Research any animals you are not sure of.Cl Read and Le ou classify animals? What does an animal look like? There is no gers, ants, bluebirds, and sharks all move and respond all reproduce and Yer they are alll very assifying animals kes it easier for tay How can y one answer. Ti are all animals. They to their environment. They Main Idea ‘Animals can be classified based on their structures. have the same basic need! different from each other. to form smaller groups ma dy them, One way scientists Vocabulary vertebrate, p54 invertebrate » 55 scientists to stu imals is by their structures. useful for classifying bone is made of classify ani One structure that is animals is a backbone. A backh many small bones running down the center of an animal’s back. Animals with backbones are calle: (VURstuhsbrits). Tigers, dogs, eagles, and goldfish are all examples of vertebrates. www.macmillanmh.com Reading Skill @ Classify Fees Nat eo Its backbone helps hold Pema . Where does a raccoon’s * backbone begin and end? Clue: The raccoon’s backbone is drawn on top of the photo. Foes oryAnimals without backbones are called invertebrates (ineVURstuhsbrits). Most of the animals on Earth are invertebrates. Invertebrates lack more than backbones. They have no bones inside their bodies at all! Insects, spiders, worms, and jellies are common invertebrates, @ auick check Classify What characteristic separates vertebrates from invertebrates? tic: i How do bones help vertebrates? Model a Backbone Observe Look at the photo of the raccoon. What does its backbone look like? Make a Model Use clay and pipe cleaners to make a model of a backbone. Design your model so that it can bend from side to side and forward and backward. lay cleaners Experiment How can your model move? Can you move one bone without moving all the others? Infer If a backbone were one solid bone, could it move in the same ways? Sonu osc a Test otaWhat are som: Invertebrates can on land and in wat as the giant squi be found live A few, such school bus! The photos jnvertebrate grOUPS- These simple animals have holes in their bodies. They pull water and floating food into the holes. sea stars and urchins Sea stars and sea urchins have shells inside their bodies. They eat through tubes on their feet. er. Most are e invertebrates? all over Earth. They small, like insects. d, can grow as long as a below show some common Worms have no skeleton, inside or out. There are more than one million types of worms. jellies These invertebrates have no bones, brains, or eyes. Their tentacles can sting their prey. 56 =m BPLAINInvertebrates have no bones. However, they have other structures that hold up and protect their bodie: Many have a thin, hard covering, for example. This outer covering is an exoskeleton (ek+soh*SKEL+uhstuhn). arthropods @ auick check Classify Name one invertebrate that lives in water and one that lives on land. Critical Thinking Is an octopus an invertebrate? How can you tell? Arthropods make up the biggest group of invertebrates. Animals in this group have thin exoskeletons and legs that bend in many places. Insects, spiders, and lobsters are some arthropods. This group of invertebrates has soft bodies. A few have hard shells. Most push their bodies along with a muscle called a foot. Clams, snails, and octopuses are mollusks. snail‘A Penguins are one of the few birds that cannot fly. me vertebrates? like? Compare hat you think. What are so Are all vertebrates al these four types and see W! Birds A bird isa kind of animal with a beak, feathers, two WIngS, and two legs. Birds are built to fly. Birds breathe air with lungs. They reproduce by laying eggs. Most birds feed their young until the young can find food on their own. Reptiles Crocodiles, turtles, and snakes are reptiles. (REP-tuhlz) are vertebrates with scaly skin. Tough scales help protect them. Some reptiles live on land and some live in water. All breathe through lungs. Most reproduce by laying eggs, but some give birth to live young. Like all reptiles, this chameleon has waterproof skin that keeps it from drying out.Amphibians Some animals spend part of their lives in water and part on land. They are called amphibians (am*FIB+eeruhnz). Frogs, toads, and salamanders are amphibians. Most amphibians start out as an egg floating in water, When they hatch, they look like fish. They breathe through gills. As they get older, they grow legs and lungs and begin to live on land. Fish Fish are vertebrates that spend their whole lives in water. Fish breathe 4 Adult amphibians, like this frog, breathe through lungs or their ski oxygen using gills. They reproduce @% quick Check by laying eggs. Most are covered in Ssacsley Whar Kind or Veeorate scales and a slimy coating icafog? y Do you think turtles breathe with lungs or gills? Why? A flat shape and slippery skin help fish such as this | stingray cut through water.What are mammals? ‘The last type of vertebrate includes mice, dogs, and elephants. It includes people, too! (MaAMeuhlz) are vertebrates with hair ‘ar, Mammals do not hatch from eggs. They milk to o} are born live. Female mammals make 1 feed their young, They care for the young until the young can find food on its own. Mammals are covered with hair of fur. Mammals such as cats and bears have thick fur. Others, such as elephants and people, have thinner hair. Mammals breathe with lungs. Dolphins and whales are mammals that live in water. They poke their heads out of the water to breathe. ‘4 A mammals first food is milk from its mothe, @ Quick Check Classify Which characteristics help you know that a bear is a mammal? Critical Thinking Which could survive better alone, a young reptile or a young mammal? isc i 3 a Eye) Whales and dolphins are not fish. They are mammals.RTT T 6) 1] Visual Summary Animals are classified M according to their structures and characteristics. An invertebrate is an animal without a backbone. Insects, spiders, and lobsters are invertebrates. Fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and mammals are vertebrates, animals with backbones. Make a rs Study Guide Make a Shutter Fold. Use it to summarize what you learned about classifying # animals. fie | %, Make a Graph Research the number of bones different animals have in their bodies. Then put this information into a bar graph. [BRO-Review summaries ond quizzes online at ww¥mactanmh.com CTA Think, Talk, and Write @ Main Idea Name five groups of vertebrates. © Vocabulary What is an exoskeleton? © Classify What kind of animal is a zebra? How do you know? © Critical Thinking How do you think your bones affect your shape and the way you move? © Test Prep All reptiles are animals that have A backbones and gills. B lungs an ¢ backbones and lungs. D backbones and fins. Make an Animal Picture Suppose you are a scientist who discovers a new creature. Draw a picture of the new creature. Label structures that could help classify it 61 EVALUATEWriting in Science DESERT BIRDS l Roadrunners are birds that live in southwestern deserts. Roadrunners run fast on their strong feet. They are black and white with long white-tipped tails. They hunt lizards, snakes, and insects during the day. Descriptive Writing A good description > includes words that tell hoy something looks, sounds, smells, tastes, and/or feels > uses details to create a Elf owls live in southwestern deserts, picture for the readers too. They are the smallest owls. Unlike roadrunners, elf owls are active only at night. They have yellow eyes and very short tails. Their eyesight is excellent. They eat insects, lizards, and mice. > may use words that compar. and contrast, such as like, similar, and different S Write About It Descriptive Writing Choose two animals. Learn more about them. Then write a paragraph that describes how the animals are alike and different. [BRD-Journal write avour it online at www.macmillanm.comANIMAL LINE-UP Do all snakes look alike? Do all lizards? No! There are many kinds of snakes and lizards. Each kind is a little different from the others. Each kind is called a species. The table below lists the number of known species for four groups of reptiles. Kinds of Reptiles crocodiles lizards snakes turtles Solve It Order Numbers > To order numbers from greatest to least, first find the numbers with the most digits. Identify the place value of the digits. Compare the numbers with the highest place value to find out which number is larger. Then repeat this with the remaining numbers. f ati The banded boa constrictor, at left, and the spotted bush snake, above, are two species of snakes. List these reptiles in order from greatest to least number of species. Which kinds of reptiles have more than 1,000 species? Which kind of reptile has the fewest species? 63 EXTENDCHAPTER 1 Review Visual Summary Lesson 1 All living things have certain characteristics and needs in common. Lesson 2 Most plants have roots, stems, and leaves. Each plant part does a special job to keep a plant alive. Lesson 3 Different kinds of animals have different structures that help them get what they need from their environment. Lesson 4 Animals can oy be classified based on bavam their structures and characteristics. Make a Study Guide Glue your lesson study guides to a large sheet of paper as shown. Use your study guide to review what you have learned in this chapter. 64 Vocabulary Fill each blank with the best term from the list. cells, p.25 organism, p.22 environment. p.24 photosynthesis, p.3 invertebrate, p.55 reproduce, p.23 shelter, p.48 1. Animals often seek a safe place, or , to protect themselves. 2. Each living thing is an —___. 3. An animal with a backbone is called a 4. Living things to make more of their own kind. A vertebrate that is born live is called a 6. A substance that helps living things grow and stay healthy is a 7. Plants make their own food using the process of ___ 8. Living things are made of one or more tiny . An animal without a backbone is called an 10. All the living and nonliving things that surround an organism are part ofan____ Revit mariEYISE UT eat) 124 Answer each of the following in complete sentences. 11. Main Idea and Details What makes living things different from nonliving things? 12. Descriptive Writing Describe the structures that different animals use to breathe. 13. Classify Group the following animals as vertebrates or invertebrates: butterfly, cow, snail, goldfish, owl, spider. 14. Critical Thinking What might happen to a plant if someone picked most of its leaves? 15. Explain how each labeled part helps a plant survive. @ 16. How do living things get what they need to live and grow? Performance Assessment ls Alive! > Make a list of all the living things you see around your home. Then make a list of the ones you see around school. > Make a chart to classify the organisms, you saw. Were they plants or animals? If you saw animals, what kind of animals were they? > Where did you see the most living things? What kind of living thing was most common? Why do you think that was the case? Test Prep |. What nonliving parts of an environment do alll living things | need to survive? A rocks and fire | B water and space € soil and carbon dioxide D fire and food