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Test-4 Study Sheet - 1

Psychology Review

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13 views

Test-4 Study Sheet - 1

Psychology Review

Uploaded by

landeiro02
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dr.

Gillis Psychology 110 Online


Test 4 study sheet

Social Psychology

Know about the ABC model of attitudes and what those letters
stand for. Know the variables and terms listed under each component
of the Yale Group's conceptualization of Persuasion. Learn the factors
associated with the Speaker, the Message and the Target including
terms like forewarning and inoculation. A one-sided argument works
best when target is initially in favor of the message. Two-sided works
best when target is initially opposed to the message. Know all of the
basic details of Festinger's $1, $20 study and how it relates to
Cognitive Dissonance Theory. What are the three ways that we can
reduce cognitive dissonance? Know the basics of Attributional Theory
and the details of that 2 by 2 table of possible types of causal
attribution. Be able to apply that table to an example such as the one
given in class. Understand the following three related terms: Actor-
Observer effect, Fundamental Attributional Error, Self-Serving Bias.

This chapter introduces many terms. Know the following: Social


Influence has three sub-headings (Conformity, Compliance, and
Obedience), The Ash Line comparison studies of Conformity. The
power of an ally in the conformity studies. The Door-in-the-face-
technique, the Foot-in-the-door-technique of gaining compliance. Be
familiar with Stanley Milgram's Obedience study. What part did the
real subject play? What is the main conclusion of that study and it's
many replications? Irving Janis and his concept of Groupthink. Be able
to define The Bystander Effect, 2 possible explanations (Fear of social
blunder, diffusion of responsibility).

Aggression
A. Instinct (Freud Thanatos & Eros)
From motivation lecture, instinct theories of
aggression gave way to drive theories
B. Drive(Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis,
1939) A popular, but outdated, theory
that said all aggression stems from
frustration of some desire
C. Social Learning. The current theory that
claims aggressive behavior is learned
classically, operantly or observastionally. This
is more optimistic because it does not have to
be learned. A nonviolent world is possible,

Prejudice, discrimination, stereotype, racism, sexism, social


categorization, us/them or ingroup/outgroup, illusory correlation, self-
serving bias (again) The ultimate Attributional Error.
Interpersonal attraction (love and friendship), four relevant factors
(similarity, proximity, reciprocity, physical attractiveness). romantic
love (Passionate Love, Companionate Love).

Emotions and Stress and Health

Emotions: Know the basics of Plutchik's Wheel of Emotions (8 primary


emotions, 8 secondary or mixed emotions) various intensities. No need to
memorize the actual emotions. Know the difference between the three
Theories of how we know our own emotions (1. James-Lange, 2. Cannon-
Bard, 3. Schachter & Singer). What part of emotional expression is learned
and what part is innate? What did Darwin say about human facial
expressions? Paul Ekman, The Duchenne smile. The T.V. show Lie to Me.

Stress: Holmes and Rahe's Life events checklist, it's goal and short
comings. Richard Lazarus' idea of Cognitive appraisal. Conflict,
frustration and environmental factors are all sources of stress.
Understand the basic idea of Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome
and the three stages (alarm, resistance and exhaustion). Carefully
review all of the social, cognitive, personality and behavioral factors
that help us cope with stress. Pay special attention to the new terms
here like Problem Focused vs. Emotion Focused coping, Learned
Helplessness, Type A (coronary prone) Personality and how Hostility
works with that and finally Psychological Hardiness which is made up
of three factors in combination ( commitment, Internal locus of control
and problem focused coping).
Health Psychology: Understand the basic idea of health psychology
and how stress research and the effect of stress on the immune system
got people thinking about Psychoneuroimmunology. Since 1979 this
idea helped launch a huge new field of research and practice called
Health Psychology or Behavioral Medicine.

Abnormal Psychology

The subfield of Behavioral disorders is also known as Abnormal Psychology


and as Psychopathlogy. How do we decide if someone has a behavioral
disorder? The module mentions several approaches to answering that question.
The Interactionist approach combines several of them. The DSM-5, Know
each of the Main Categories such as Anxiety Disorders and know the specific
disorders that fit in each category. Generalized anxiety disorder, Panic
disorder, phobias, separation anxiety, and social anxiety are all anxiety
disorders. Pay attention to what disorders fall into each of the main categories.
The only phobia I expect you to know by name is agoraphobia.
Here are some additional terms: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD),
Conversion Disorder, Anorexia, Bulimia, Dissociative Amnesia (with Fugue),
Dissociative Identity disorder, paraphilias (Know all that are listed in the
module), know all 10 personality Disorders, Bipolar disorder. Seasonal
Affective Disorder (SAD), Hallucinations, Delusions (4 kinds)
Therapy

Understand the techniques that are used in Psychotherapy in general.


Understand the differences among the different types of therapy and know the
key terms for each type of therapy.

Psychoanalysis: unresolved conflicts, a directional therapy, therapist centered,


transference, resistance, catharsis, Humanistic therapies, growth and
fulfillment. Rogerian therapy: non-directive, unconditional positive regard,
active listening, 5 common responses, 3 necessary conditions, real-self, ideal-
self, Gestalt therapy of Fritz Pearls, much more directive, Transactional
Analysis: I’m OK, You’re OK, Inner child, parent and adult, Cogntive therapy:
Aaron Beck, Albert Ellis’ Rationl Emotive Therapy, self-defeating and/or
distorted self-labels, Behavioral therapies: systematic desensitization, aversive
conditioning, Biomedical therapies: Psychosurgery like the Frontal lobotomy,
Electro Convulsive Treatment (ECT), psychotherapeutic drugs, anti-anxiety,
anti-psychotic, antidepressant, (no need to know any specific drug).
Advantages of Group therapy over individual therapy, Deinstitutionalization of
mentally ill patients, False Memory Syndrome.

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