This intemational stmd.rd ws recognized principles on establish.

d in the Decision otr P nciples for the

Development of International Technical Barricrs to Trade (TBT) Comnih@.
"ffi'p['tfi ttlftlT,,trfthtfr {,f,strtf, ffi rtsr
1 9428"2959

@
llJest Comhohocken, Pennqlmnia
Designation: Ihis mpy has been made
U nited States of Ame Ca

(Si'AMtQlunder lhense
by the Direaorate for Standards and Quality

lnternational
Standard
API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products
(Hydrometer/Method)l
This srandard is issued under the fixed designadon D287; rhe lumber immediately folowing the designation indicales the yea. ol
original adoption o.. in the case of revision, the year of la$ revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of las! rcapproval. A
superscript epsilon (E) indicates an ednoriil chmge since dre lasr revision or rcapproval.

This staltlatd llds beek appratetl lbr use by aqencies of the U-S- Deponnlen ol Defe v-

1. Scope* conversions to SI units that are pmvided for information only

and are not considered standard.
1.1 This test method covers the detemination by means of
a glass hydrometer in conjunction with a series of calculations L.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of the API gmvity of crude petoleum and petroleum products safet-\ concems, if ary,, assoc[ated wth its use. It ls the
normally handled as liquids and having a Reid vapor prcssure responsibilitl of tlrc user of this standard to establish appro-
(Test Method D323) of 14.696 psi (101.325kPa) or less. priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Values are determined at existing temperatures and corrected to mine the .lpplicabilit! of reg latory limiations prior to use.
values at 60'F (15.56 "C), or converted to values at 60'F, by For specific waming statement, see 8.5.
means of Adjunct to D 1250 Standard Guide for rhe Use of the 1.6 This hternational standard was dereloped it accor-
Joint API and ASTM Adjunct for Temperature and Pressure dance v,;ith intemationaLb recogni:ed principles on standard-
Volume Correction Facton for Generatzed Crude Oils. Re- t:.ation estabLished in tlxe Decision on Principles for the
fined Products, and Lubricating Oils (APt MPMS Chapter Development of I temational Standards, Guides and Recom-
11.1). These tables are not applicable to nonhydrocarbons or mendations issued by, the World Trade Organiaation Technical
essentially pure hydrocarbons such as the aromatics. Bariers ro Trade (TBT) Comminee.
1.2 The initial vaiues obtained are uncorected hydrometer 2. Referenced Documents
readings and not density measurements. Values are measured 2.1 ASTM Standards:l
on a hydrometer at either the reference temperature or at D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Pelroleum Products
aoother convenient temperature, and readings are co[ected for (Reid Method)
the meniscus effect, the thermal giass expansion effect, alter- Dl250Guide for the Use of the Joint API and ASTM
nate calibration temperature effects and to the reference tem- Adjunct for Temperature and Pressure Volume Corection
perature by means of the pefoleum measurement tables; values Factors for Generalized Cmde Oils, Reflned Products, and
obtained at other than the reference temperature being hydrom- Lubricating Oils: A?I MFIVIS Chapter l1.l
eter readings and not density measurements. D1298 Test Method for Densiry Relative Density, or API
1.3 The hitial hydrometer readings determined shall be Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Peboleum Prod-
recorded before performing a:ry calculations. Then the calcu- ucts by Hydrometer Method
Iations required in Section 9 shall be perforrned and docu- D6822 Test Method for Density, Relative Densiry and API
memed before using the final result in a subsequent calculation Gravity of Crude Pefoieum and Liquid Petloleum Prod-
procedure (measurement ticket calculation, meter factor ucts by Thermohydrometer Method
calculation, or base prover volume determination). D7962 Practice for Determination of Minimum Immersion
Depth and Assessment of Temperature Sensor Measure-
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded ment Drift
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
D8164 Guide for Digital Contact Thermomelers for Petro-
leum Producrs. Liquid Fueis. and Lubricanr Tesring
El SpeciEcation for ASTM Liquid-ir-Glass Thermometers
rThis resr merhod is under the E77 Test Nlethod for Inspection and Verification of Ther-
.jurisdicrion of ASTM Conmittee D02 on
PeEoleum Products, Liquid Fuels. rnd Lubrican$ and the API Committee on mometers
PeEoletrm Measurement, and is the dirccr responsibility of Subcommirree D02.02
/COMQ, &e joint ASTM-API Commi$ee on Hydroca'bon Me.surement fo.
Custody Trxnsttr (Joint ASTV-API)- : For reltrenced ASTV standards, visit rhe ASTM website, wwlv.astm.org. or
Current editjon approved Dec. 1, 2022. Published Feb.uajy ?023. Originaily conlacr ASTM Customer Sel!ice at [email protected]. Fot Atlntkll Book oJ ASTM
approved in 1928. Lnst previous edition appmved in 2019 as D287-12b (2019). SradardJ volume infomarion. refer ro the standed s Documenr Summry page on
DOI: 10.1520D0287-:2. the ASTM websire.

*A Summary ol ChaDges sectron appears at the end of this standard

Copyrilht q ASTM lnternanonal, 100 Aa( Ha6or Ddve, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United Slates

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El00 Specification for ASTM Hydrometers 3.1.3 observed valaes, n-values obseryed at temperatures
El26 Test Method for lnspection, Calibmtion. and Verifica- other than the specified reference aemperatue; these values are
tion of ASTM Hydrometers only hydrometer readings and not density, relative density, or
E3+l Terminology Relatirg to Thermometry and Hydrom- API gravity at those other temperaturcs.
etry 3.1.4 specific gr. ,irl,, n-historical term, no longer used,
E2251 Speciflcation for Liquid-in-61ass ASTM Thermom- which has been replaced by relative densit_t.
eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
E2877 Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers
3.2 Acronl,ms :
3.2.1 PRl-platinum resistance temperature device
2.2 API Standards:3
3.2.7.1 Discr,tssion-W hile there may be other q?es of
MPMS Chaptr.r 9.1 Test Method for Density, Relative
RTDs available, for Custody Transfer opemtions in conjunc-
Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
tion with other standards or-sanizations Platinum RTDS have
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method (ASTM Test
been standardized on for their accuracv and discrimination.
Method D1298)
MPMSChapt 9.3 Test Method for Density, Relative 4. Summary of Test llethod
Density, and API Gravity of Crude Petoleum and Liquid
4.1 This test method is based on the principle that the
Petroleum Products by Thermohydrometer Method
graviry of a liquid varies directly with the depth of immersion
(ASTM Test Method D6822)
of a body floating in it. The floating body, which is graduated
MPMS Chapl* I 1.1 Temperature and Pressure Volume Cor-
by API gravity units in *Lis test method, is called an API
reation Factors for Generalized Crude Oils, Refined
hydrometer.
Products, and Lubricating Oils (Adjunct to ASTM D1250)
2.3 ASTM Adjuncx: 4.2 The A?I gravity is read by observing the freely floating
Adjunct to D1250 Standard Guide for the Use of the Joint ASTM hydrometer (calibrated for API gmvity) and noting the
graduation nearest to the apparent intersection of the horizontal
API and ASTM Adjunct for Temperature and Pressure
Volume Correction Facton for Generalized Crude Oils. plane surface of the liquid with the vertical scale of the
Re6ned Products, and Lubricating Oils: API MPMS Chap- hydrometer, after temperature equilibrium has been reached.
ter 1l.l)a The temperature of the sample shall be read tiom a separare
accurate ASTM thermometer placed in the sample, which
3. Terminology meets either Specifications El or E2251 requirements or
ASTM Digital Contact Thermometers, which meet Guide
3.1 Definitions: 82877 requirements. The temperature determination device, be
3.1.1 API graviqr, n-a special functioo of relative density
60/60 'F (15.56/15.56'C), represented by:
it the bulb of a ASTM Thermometer (Specifications El or
E2251) or a sensor of a Digital Contact Thermometer (Guide
"API- ll4l.s/(reladve densiry 60/60 "F)] i31.5 (t) E2877) shau be placed at fie same elevation (within the stated
No statement of reference temperature is required, since tolerances) as the hydrometer bulb.
60 "F is included in the def,nition. NorE l-Through various testings that Subcommittee D02.02 (Joint
'hydrometer ASTM/API Subcommittee) measurement committee and others have
3 .l .2 reading, n-the point on the hydrometer
conducted. il has been delermined lhat tempemlure stratificatons do exist
scale at which the surface of the liquid cuts the scale. vertically from top to botlom of a hydrocarbon container as well as across
3.1.2.1 Discussion-In practice for tansparent fluids this the diameter of the container, Thereforc. as temperature affects the
can be readily determined by aligning the surface of the liquid viscosiry as well as lhe fluid densitv, the buoyancy of the hydrometer
on both sides of the hydrometer and reading the Hydrometer floating in the liquid is therefore allected, clarifying procedures have been
added to the Prccedure section.
scale where these surface readings cut the scale (Hydrometer
Reading - Observed). For nontransparent fluids the point at 4.3 The obsened hydrometer reading is corected for the
which the liquid surface cuts the Hydrometer scale camot be meniscus effect, the thermal glass expansion effect on the
determined dtectly and requires a corection (Meniscus Cor- hydrometer, altemate calibration temperature effects and re-
rection). The value represented by the point (Meniscus Read- duced to the reference temperature by means of the petroleum
ing) at which the liquid sample rises above the main surface of measurement tables. If necessary, the hydrometer cylilder arld
the liquid subtracted from the value represented by where the its contents are placed in a constant temperature bath to avoid
main surface of the liquid cuts the Hydrometer scale is the excessive temperature variation during the test.
amount of the correction or Meniscus correction. This menis-
5. Signi{icance and Use
cus correction is documented and then subhacted ftom the
value represented by the Me scus Reading to yield the 5.1 Accurate determination of the gravity of petoleum and
Hydrometer Reading coEected for the Meniscus (Hydrometer its products is necessary for the conversion of measured
Readiog - Observed, Meniscus Corrected). volumes to volumes at the standard temperature of 60'F
(15.s6'c).
I Available ftom American PetroLeum Institute (API), 200 Massachusetts Ave.
5.2 This procedure is most suitable for detemining the API
gravity of low viscosity transparent liquids. This test method
).rw. S ire I 00. \&r,h ngron. DC 20001. hnp.//w$q .pr org
a
AvailabLe lrom ASTM Intemational Headquaners. Order Adjunct \o. can also be used for viscous liquids by ailowing sufficient time
ADJD1250 AlA2'E-PDF. Odginal adjuncr produced in 1983. for rhe hydrometer to reaah tempemture equilibrium, aad for

2
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 4k
Copyright [$TLri lntemational, 100 Earr Harbor Drive,

We$ Ccnshohocken, Pennsylmnia 1942&2959,

@!g!4! United States 0fAmerica.lhis copy has been made

bffi r0eOdo.Jadarils and Quality (sIAlilEQ) under license

interFailcEhBLE 2 Avairabte Hydrometers

opaque liquids by employing a suitabie meniscus , Degrees API (Low
Additionally for both transparent and opaque fluids
ings shall be corrected for the thermal glass expansion effect AST[,4
API Rafge Scale
Tvpe Each Unit
before co[ecting to the reference temperature. Designation
deg D v sion Error

5.3 When used in colnection with bulk oil measurements, 52HL l lo ll 12 0.1 0.1
52HL 9io2l 12 0.1 0l
volume conection errors are mirimized by observing the 53HL thermo 19 to 3l 12 0.1 0.1
hydrometer reading at a tempemture as close to reference 54HL 29 to 41 12 0.1 0.1
55HL 39 to 51 12 0.1 0.1
temperature as feasible.
56HL 49 to 6i 12 0.1 0.1
5.,1 Gravity is a factor goveming the quality of crude oils. 57HL 59 io 71 12 0.1 0.1
58HL 69 lo 81 12 0.1 0.1
However. the $avity of a petoleum product is an uncertain 59HL 79 to 9l 12 0.1 0.1
indication of its quality. Corelated &ith other propenies, 60HL 89 to T01 12 0-1 0.1
gravity can be used to give approximate hydrocarbon compo-
sition and heat of qombustion.
5.5 Gravity is an important qualitv indicator for automotive,
Iiquid-in-glass thermometers. The stated repeatability and re-
aviation and marine fuels. where it affects storage, handling producibility values are not applicable if altemate fluids are
and combustion.
used in the liquid-in-glass lhermomete$.
6. Apparatus 6.2.3 Digital Temperature Sensors-Digital Contact Ther-
mometers of the PRT style shall meet the requirements of
6.7 Hytlrometers, of glass, graduated il degrees API as Guide E2877 and may be used instead of glass thermometers
listed in Tabie 1 and conforming to Specification El00 or as with the following exceptions:
listed in Table 2 and conforming to Speciflcation E2251. 6.2.3.1 Thermocouples shall not be used.
6.1 . 1 The user should ascertain that the instruments used for 6.2.3.2 Thermistors shall not be used.
this method conform to the rcquirements set out above with
respect to materials, dimensions, and scale e[ors. In cases 6.3 Hydrorneter C_!/i,?de,; tanspaJent material (see 6.3.2).
where the instrument is provided with a calibration certiiicate
The inside diameter of the cylinder shall be at least 0.25 in.
(6.35 mm) geater (see A in Fig. t) than the ouaside diameter of
traceable to a NMI (National Metrology lnstitute), the instru-
ment is classed as cefiified and the appropriate corrections for
the hydrometer body and the temperature measuring device
plus the separation interval specified in Fig. I and the height
the meniscus effect, the thermal glass expansion effect, and
shall be such that the appropriate hydrometer floats in the test
altemative calibration temperature effects shall be applied to
the observed readings prior to corrections. Instruments that portion with at least 1 in. (25 mm) clearance between the
bonom of the hydrometer and the bottom of the cylinder, under
satisfy the requirements of this test method. but are not
provided with a recognized calibration certificate, are classed all densiries and temperatures. Ensure that the hydrometer
as uncertified.
cylinder is cleaned after each use to ensure that no contami-
nants remain.
6.2 Temperature Detemination: 6.3.1 When using separate hydrometer (or themohydrom-
6.2.1 Themtotneters (G1ass), having a range from -5 "F to eter) and temperature measurihg devices, care shall be exer-
+215 'F and conforming to the requirements for Thermometer cised to ensure that neither interfere with each other and that
12F as prescribed in Speciflcation El. they are not affected by extemal temperaturc effects. The
NorE 2-The ASTM Gravity Thermometer 12F has 0.5 'F subdivisions minimum separation distances as shown in Fig. I shal1 be
and allowable l-0.25'F scale enor and is suitable for use in determining required. These separation distances are a function of the
temperaturc of bulk crude ol1 volumes. such as lease production tanks- diameters of the measurirg devices and the minimum distance
Additiond thermometers conform to Speciflcation El standard or Speci- from the sides of the measuring chamber to minimize extemal
fication E2251 standard having a n.urower range than the 12F or S12F
Thermometers ma) also be used. if they have similar perfomance thermal effects.
characteristics.
where
6.2.2 Alternate liquid measuring device (Thermometer minimum separation interyal specified in 6.3 between
Sl2F) conforming to the requirements prescribed in Specifi- the inside diameter of hydrometer cylinder and the sum
cation E2251 may be used, provided that the total uncertainty of the OD of the hydrometer body plus the OD of
of the calibrated system is no greater than when using temperature measurhg device plus the mirimum sepa-
ration interval between devices of 0.25 in. (6.35 rnm),
TABLE 1 Available Hydrometers Scaled, Degrees API
see Fig. l, arld
B minimum separation interyal between measuring de-
Scae
Designation Type vices of 0.5 in. (12.7 mm).
Series Tolal Each Unil Divlsion Error
1H to 10H lonq pLa n -1 lo 101 12 0_l 0.1
6.3.2 Hydrometer cylinders constructed of transparent ma-
21H to 40H short plain 0 to 101 6 0.1 0.2 terials shall be resistant to discoloration or attack by the
41H lo 45 H urermo 15lo 5l I 0.1 0.1 petroleum or pekoleum product samples and shail not affect
5r N to 60H thermo -1 to l0l 12 0.1 0.1
the material being tested. They shal1 not become opaque under
7l H to 74H thermo -1 to 41 0.1 0.1
prolonged exposure to sunlight. If the opacity prcvents the

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B
FlG. 1 Separation Inlervals (minimum requirements) between Devices and Hydrometer Cylinder

obseryation of both devices then the hydrometer cylinder shall sample physical properties to ensure that the devices can
be replaced before continuing with the test. function properly. For exampie, with highly volatile samples
6.3.3 The minimum separation intervals specified is to being measured in an open container the light ends may
preveot any capillary actioo between devices and to ensure that evaporate while the devices are reaching temperature equilib-
extemal temperature effects are minimized on the values rium. This is a function of ambient temperature as well as fluid
determined for density and temperature. temperature and composition. Conversely, if the fluid is too
viscous (thick) the hydrometer may not float freely. which is a
7. Temperature of Test (Limiting Conditions of Test) requirement for a buoyance dovice.
7.1 The gravity determined by the hydrometer method is
most accurate at or near the standard temperature of 60'F 8, Procedure
( 15.56 "C). Use this or any other temperature between 0 'F and
8.1 For referee testing, use the loog plail form of hydrom-
195'F (-18 "C and + 90'C) for the test, so far as it is eter (lH to l0H). For fleld testing, the thermohydrcmeter
consistent with the type of sample and necessary limiting method in Test Method D6822 (API MPMS Chapter 9.3) is the
conditions shown in Table 3. preferred method. However, if the user desires to use a
7.2 The purpose of Table 3 is to clarify what actions are liquid-in-glass thermometer with low-hazard glass precision
required to ensure that the sample does not change its physical tlrid as speci6ed in Speciftcalion Eil5l or a Digiral Contact
makeup during the testing period or modifications to the Thermometer as specified in Guide E2877 and 6.2.3, the user

TABLE 3 Limiting Conditions and Testing Temperatures

Sample Type
lnlt a Boi ing Point
Gravity Limits Other Limits
Limiis
Highly volar e lighter than 70'API Coo to 35'F (2'C) or ower n original cosed
container.
I\4oderaiely volau e heavier lhan 70" API below 250'F (120'C) Cool to 65 "F 118 "C) or lower in origina closed
coniainet
L4oderate y voiatie and vscous heavier than 70'API below 250 'F (120'C) Vlscosity too high al Heat to minimum temperature for sufficent
65 "F 08 "C) fluidity.
Nonvolatile heavler lhan 70'API above 250 'F (120'C) Any temperature betweer 0'F and 195 "F-
{-18 "C and 90 'C) as convenlent.
Mixtures oi nonpelroleum products o. I
60 "F 0.25'F (15.56'C r 0.1 'C)
essenta ly pure hydrccarbons

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made
United States 0f America. Thh copy has been

hbUBfl Bt* stindariis and Quality {$AMEQ) under license

ASIM lnternational.
can use Test Method D6822 (A'PI MPMS Chapter 9.3) ith a le Iarly necessary in
modi6ed procedure as detailed in 8.1 I of this test method. the case ol the more viscous samples.
8.1.1 As shown in Table I and Table 2. the user has access 8.7 Lower tie temperature measuring device slowly into the
to hydrometers covering various ranges of API gravity. The sample, in close proximity to the hydrometer installed in 8.6
user should select a hydrometer which results in fie liquid making sure that neither touch, nor come in contact with the
interface cutting the hydrometer stem in the center third of the side walls of the sample cylinder. Refer to Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b
range. The hydrometer should not be used when the liquid and Fig. 3a and Fi-s. 3b. The temperature measuring device
interfaca cuts the scale in the bottom two API gravity values or may also be used to cautiously and slowly stt the sample
at the top two API gravity values. instead of the hydrometer, to mininize stratificaaion.
8.1.2 When using digital temperature devices the user shal1 8.7.1 The hydrometer is a buoyancy device. its performance
utilize only intrinsically rated temperature devices that con- or where it floats is dependent on the temperaturc of the fluid
form to the appropdate standard. around the point of buoyancy. Therefo.e, it is essential that the
sample temperature be taken as close to this point ofbuoyancy.
NorE 3
In practice whether in a lab or field environment this test
method is used in a potentially hazardous environment (that is, explosive) In practice with opaque samples this point can be difficult to
and as these devices are electrically polvered which could possibly determine. However, it can be estimated from krowing the
produce a spark, potentially resulting in an explosion/fire. A1l companies lengths of the va ous instruments and then estimatjng their
generally have Engineerin.e and Operating standards thar refer to NFP-A relative positions.
(National Fire Protection Association) and NEC (National Electrical
Code) codes thar detail the requircments for the use of eleclrical devices 8.8 When the hydrometer has come to rest, floating freely.
in classilled areas. These company requirements should take precedence- and the temperature of the sample is constant to within 0.2 "F
8.2 Pdor to lowering the selected hydrometer and/or tem- (0.1 'C), read and record the hydrometer reading to the nearest
perature determination instrument into the sample perform the scale division. The correct reading is that point on the
Equipment Validation enumetated in Annex A1. hydrometer scale at which the surface of the liquid cuts the
scale. Determine this point by placing the eye slightly belov,,
8.3 Verify that the selected densiry and./or temperature the level of the liquid and slowly raising it until the surface.
deterrnination instruments conform to the requirements of first seen as a distorted ellipse, appears to become a straight
Annex A2. line cutting the hydrometer scale. See Fig. ,1.
8.4 Adjust the temperaturc of the sample in accordance with 8.9 To make a reading wittr nontransparent liquids. observe
Table 3. For f,eld testing, tesa temperatures other than those the point on the hydrometer scale to which the sample rises
listed in Table 3 may be used. The hydrometer cyiinder shall be above its main surface, placing the eye slightly above the plane
'urface of rhe liquid. This reading requires a correction.
approximately the same temperature as the sample to be tested.
8.5 Transfer the sample into the clean hydrometer cylinder Determine this correction (meniscus correction) for the par-
without splashing, so as to avoid the formation of air bubbles ticular hydrometer in use by observing the height above the
and to reduce to a minimum the evaporation of the lowe(
boiling constituents of the more volatile samples. (lYarning- 3

Samples may be extremely flammable. Vapors may cause flash

fire.) For the more volatile samples, tralsfer to the hydrometer
cylinder by siphoning. (Do not start the siphon by mouth.)
Remove any air bubbles formed, after they have collected on
the surface of the sample, by touching them with a piece of
clean filter paper or other suitable means before inserting the
hydrometer. For field terting. rhe grarig measurement is
directly made in the sampling core thief or hydrometer
cylinder. Place the cylinder containing the sampie in a vertical
position in a location free from air currents. Take precautions
to prevent the temperature of the sample from changing
appreciably during the time necessary to complete the test.
During this period, the temperature of the surrounding medium
should not change more than 5 'F (3 'C). where:
A = separation interval specified ir 6.3 and Fig. I,
8.6 Lower the hydrometer gently into the sample and, when B = separation interval specified in 6.3 and Fig. l, and
it has senled, depress it about two scale divisions into the liquid C = relative vertical alignment between the demity and
and then release iti keep the rest of the stem dry, as unnecessary temperaturc measuring devices (the bottom of the sens-
liquid on the stem changes the effective rveight of the ing portion of the temperature measuring device should
instrument, and so affects the reading obtained. With samples be wirhin 10.5 in. (t 12.5 mm) and rot more than
of low viscosity, a slight spin impa-rted to the instxument on :11.0 in. (:t25 rnm) of the bottom ofthe density sensor).
releasing assists in bringing it to rcst, Boating freely away from
the walls of ttre hydrometer cylinder Allow sufficient time for FlG. 2 a Hydrometer and Liquid-in.Glass Thermometer Placement
the hy&ometer to become completely stationary and for all air (Typical)

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where: where:
A = separation interval specified in 6.3 and Fig. 1, A = separation interval specified in 6.3 and Fig. 1,
B = separation interval specified in 6.3 and Fig. 1, and B = separation irterval specifled in 6.3 and Fig. I, and
C = relative vertical alignment between the density and C = relative vertical alignment between the density and
tempemture measuring devices (the bottom of the sens- temperature measuring devices (the bottom of the sens-
ing portion of the temperaturc measuring device should ing ponion of the temperature measuring device should
be within :i0.5 in. (:! 12.5 mm) and not more than be within -10.5 in. (:112.5 mm) and not morc lhan
t 1.0 in. (125 mm) of the bottom of the density sensor). :l 1.0 in. (= 25 mm) of the bottom of the density sensor).
FlG. 2 b Thermohydromete. and Liquid-in-Glass Thermometer FlG. 3 b Thermohydrometer and Digital Contact Thermometer
Placement [fypical) (cantinued) Placement [fypical) (conlinued)

where:
A = separation interval specified in 6.3 and Fig. 1,
B = separation interval specified in 6.3 and Fig. l, and
C = relative vefiical alignment between the densiry and
temperature measuring devices (the bottom of the sens-
ing portion of the temperature measudng device should
be within l:0.5 in. (t 12.5 mm) and not more than
:t 1.0 in. (:125 nm) of the bottom of the density sensor).

FlG. 3 a Hydrometer and Digital Contact Thermometer (Typical)

FlG. 4 Hydrometer Scale Beading for Transparent Liqu:ds

(Typical)
main suriace of the Iiquid to which the sample dses on the
hydrometer scale when the hydrometer in question is immersed 8.9.2 When gravity readings have been observed on opaque
in a tansparent liquid having a sudace tension similar to that Iiquids using the procedure given in 8.9, subtract the meniscus
of a sample under test. See Fig. 5. correction from the hydrometer reading observed and record
8.9.1 Record the observed hydrometer scale readings to the the meniscus corrected hydrometer scale reading to the nearest
nearest 0.1'API for transparent liquids. 0.1' API.

6
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9.1 Apply an), relevant thermometer corrections to the

tempemture reading observed in 8.10 and record the average of
those two temperaturcs to the nearest I 'F.

9.2 Application of the glass thermal expansion correction

depends upon what edition of Adjunct to DI250 Standard
Guide for the Use of the Joint API and ASTM Adjunct for
Temperature and Pressure Voiume Correction Factors for
Generaiized Crude Oils. Ref,ned Producas. and Lubricating
Oiis (API MPMS Chapter 11.1) wili be used to calculate the
base densiry.
9.2.1 The 1980 version of the Adjunct to D1250 Guide for
Petoieum Measurement Tables (API MPMS Chapter l1.l) has
the hydrometer glass thermal expansion corection included.
Input into the Adjunct to D1250 Standard Guide for the Use of
the Joint API and ASTM Adjunct for Temperature and Pressure
Volume Conection Factors for Generalized Crude Oiis, Re-
flned Products, and Lubricating Oils (API MPMS Chapter
11.1) software (see API MPMS Ch. 11.1,1.3 pamgraphs 5 and
6) requires the Hydrometer Reading - Obsen'ed or Hydrometer
Reading Observed, Meniscus Corrected in API units from
8.9.1 or 8,9.2. observed temperature of the sample, and the
builrin hydrometer glass therrnal con-ection switch set to "on"
(0) or "of'(l). It will retum API @ 60 "F.
FlG. 5 Hydrometer Scale Reading for Opaque Fluids (Typical) 9.2.2 'lhe 2004 version of the Adjulct to D1250 Guide for
Petoleum Measurement Tables (API MPMS Chapter 11.1)
does not iDclude the hydrcmeter glass thermal expansion
correction, so that correction must be made before entering the
NorE il
The meniscus correction for a particulaa hydrometer in use is Adjunct to D1250 Standard Guide for the Use of the Joint API
determined by obsening the rnaximum heigh! above the principal sudace and ASTM Adjunct for TemperatLrrc and Pressure Volume
of the liquid to which liquid .ises on the hydrometer scale when the Correction Factors for Generalized Crude Oi1s, Refined
hydrometer in question is immersed in a transprrenr liquid having a
surface tension similar to that oi the sample under test.
Products. and Lubricaring Oils (API MPMS Chapter 11.1)
software. Depending on the specific end use of the calculation
8.10 Observe the temperaturc of the sample immediately results. the linal value may be left rounded or unrounded. See
before and alter the observation of the gravity, the liquid in the 9.3.
cylinder being thoroughly but cautiously stined with the
thermometer (Note 5), and the whole of the temperature thread 9.3 The following steps are required to implement 9.2.2:
being immersed. Should these temperature readings ditrer by Step 1. Conven the meniscus corrected hydrcmeter scale
more than 1 "F (0.5'C), repeat the temperature and gravity reading to density in kg/m3 using Eq 2.
observations when the temperature of the sample has become Hydrometer Scae Convers on to Densiiy
Reading Unils
more stable. Record the mean of the thermometer reading For API gravity:
before and after the flnal hydrometer reading. to the nearest
I 'F. as the temperature of the tes!. densin {kg trnr) = (141.5*999.016)/(131.5+API) (2)

8.11 When using a separate temperature measuring device Leave the result unrounded.
such as a liquid-in-glass thermometel a liquid-in-g]ass ther- Step 2. Caiculate the hydrometer thermal glass expansion
mometer with low-hazard precision liquid or a digital contact correction factor rHYCr using rhe approprirre equarion belou
thermometer they shall be placed i[ the samp]e measurement (t is observed temperature).
cyiirder as shown ir Fig.2a and Fig. 2b as well as Fig. -la and Correction for a Base Tempenture (T,,) of 60 'F:
Fig.3b. :
HYC t.O - 10.000012?8 (r - 60)l - 10.0000000062 (r - 60)l
NorE 5-When only theEnohydrometers are used, s!i. the sample by (3)
carefully moving the thermohydrometer in a side to side motion. without Leave the result unrounded.
immersin8 the thermohydromeler any iower into sample. It is satisfactory
in this case to read lhe lhermometer scale of the thermohydrometer after Step 3. \4ulriply rhe hldromerer reading ir kg/mr from Step
the hydrometer reading has been obse ed. Read the thermometer to the 1 by HYC lrom Step 2 to obtain the glass expansion corrected
nearest I "F (0.5 "C). If using a separate device to measure temperature.
hydrometer reading.
use the temperature measuring device to stir the sample and read
according ro 8.10. kslmt *,= kgml*HYC (4)

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Step 4a. Conven the hydrometer reading in density (kg/ 10.2 Report the linal value as API gravity, at the reference
m',r".) from Step 3 to a R.D. (relative densit),) hydrometer temperaturc (nearest whole degree 'F), to the nearest 0.1" API.
reading.
10.3 The reponing values have no precision or bias deter
NorE 6-The cunent C source code- compiled dll and Excel Add-in has mination. It is up to the user to determine whether this test
an omission and cannol use a kg/m3 call with degree F. method provides rcsults of sufficient accuracy for fie intended
R.D.: kgln: ,,,1999.016 (5) purpose.
Step 4b. Input R.D. and degree F into section I 1.1.6.2 of the 10.4 If the hydrometer readings are being used as an input to
Adjunct to D1250-04 Guide for Petroleum Measurement a calculation process intended to renrm a volume correction
Tables (API MPryS Chapter l1.l-2004) whictr retums R.D. @ factor for use in ticket or meter proving calculations, stop the
60 "F. calculation process identified above at Step 3 (if the density
value is desired at flowing conditions) or Step 4 (if the density
NorE 7-Pressure will have to be atmospheric gauge, or 0 psig as the
Adjuncr to Dll50 Standard Guide for the Use ol the lointAPI and ASTM value is desired at base density conditions) and input the results
Adjuncl for Tempemture and Pressure Volume Correction Factors for into the calculation process.
Generalized Crude Oils. Refined Products. and Lubricating Oils (API
MPMS Chapter l1.l) values are only valid at atmospheric pressure. 10.5 Cefiified hydrometers traceable to a NMI (National
Metrology lnstitute), report the output density as 'Density in
Step 4c. Convert the calculated R.D. value @ 60 "F to a
Vacuo'.
calculated API Gravity @ 60 "F using Eq 6.
API Grdvit)'- (r4r.5/R.D.) 13r.5 (6) 11. Precision and Bias
9.4 Future versions of the Adjunct to D I250 Standard Guide
11.1 The precision of this test method as obtaioed by
for the Use of the Joint API and ASTM Adjunct for Tempera- statistical examination of interlaborutory test results is as
ture and Pressure Volume Correction Factors for Generalized
follows:
Crude Oils, Reiined Producrs, and Lubricating Oils (API ll.l.l RepeatabiLitylhe difference between successive
MPMS Chaptet 1l.l) code will be corrected so that it can test results obtained by the same opemtor with the same
accept any combination of input units and rctum any combi-
apparatus under constant opemting conditions on ideltica] test
nation of output units. When available, the Adjunct to D1250
material, would in the long run, in the normal and cor.ect
Standard Guide for the Use of the Joirt API and ASTM
operation of the test method, exceed 0.2' API only in one case
Adjunct for Temperature and Pressure Volume Conection in twenty.
FactoN for Generalized Crude Oils, Reiined Products, and
Lubricating Oils (API MPMS Chapter 11.1) code can be
ll.l.2 ReproducibiLrn-The difference between two single
and iDdependent resuits, obtained by different operators, work-
accessed directly tiom Step 3 and rctum API Gravity @ 60 'F,
ing in different laboratories on identical test material, would in
R.D. @ 60 "F, and kg/mr at any selected base temperature.
the long run, in the normal and corect operation of the test
Example 1 method. e\ceed 0.5" API only in one clse in rwenry.
Sampe: Crude Oil
Observed Temperature: NorE s-The precision tbr this test method v/as not obtained in
ObseNed Hydromeier Beading 33.2 API Gravity accordance with RR:D02- 1007.
Observed Pressure: 0 psig
Ease Temperature: 60'F NorE g-The precision for lhis,!est method only applies ro measure-
Step 1: 858.292434730-.. (Eq 2) ments made with a liquid-in-glass thermometer.
Step 2: 0.999780S48... (Eq 3) NorE l0-This precision statement applies only to measuremenls made
Slep 3: 858.104424227 --. (Eq 4) at temperatures differing from 60 'F ( 15.56 'C) by less thad 18 'F (10 'C).
Slep 4a: 0-858949631... (Eq s)
Slep 4b: 0.865678279... 1t.2 Br'as-Bias tbr this test method has not been deter-
Step 4c.1: 31.955643312... unrounded 6 mined.
Slep 4c.2: 32.0'APlrounded 6

10. Report 12. Keywords

10.1 Repo.t the cofiected hydrometer reading as degrees 12.1 API gravity; crude petroleum; digital contact thermom-
API ('API) or as API Gravity. eter; hydrometer; thermohydrometer; thermometer

8
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Q) undcrlicense
r0m AIIIV

Qlandatory Information)

A1. PERFOR.VIANCE CIIECK EQUIPMENT VALIDATION AS TO FIT FOR USE AT TIME OF TEST

A1.1 Immediately prior to determining test values the den- (e) The paper scale within the thermohydrometer stem
sity and temperature measuring instruments being used for the shall contain an information label that documents the ASTNI
test shall be verified that they are "Fit for Use at Time of Test" hydrometer designation, units of density. and a serial number.
as delineated by the following procedures. The specific proce- (, The thermohydrometer shall contain a scale slippage
dures the user shall use will be dependent on the specific test indicator and shall be positioned at the proper position relative
instruments being used for that test. to the scale. This is typically the whole unit value graduation
mark for the upper range the instument is designed for.
A1.2 These veriflcations shal1 be performed on each test (J) If any of the items in A1..1.1.2(2) do not meet the
instrument immediately pdor to each test being performed. defined criteria. the instrument shall no loneer be used and
A1.3 Each test instrument shall be in a clean condition prior shall be replaced.
to the equipment yalidation so that each component of the Test A7.4.2 Temperature Instruments:
lnstrument can be validated. A1.4.2.1 Liquid-in-GLass Type hutnnunts :

Al.4 Equipment Validation Procedures //tEnsure thrt liquid-in-gloss Iemperrture inslrumenl

Lhe
scale range selected for the analytical test covers the expected
41.1.1 Dens iry^ Instruments: temperature reading-
AI.4.l.l Hydrometers: /l/ lnspect the liquid-in-glass lemperrrure insLrumenl ro
(1) Ensure that the hydrometer scale range selected for the ensure it meets the following requirements:
analytical test covers the expected density reading. (a) The temperature instrument glass shall contain no
(2) Inspect the hydrcmeter and ensure that it meets the cracks, 6ssures. deep scratches, rough areas. or other obvious
following requirements: damage.
(a) The hydrometer glass shall contain no cracks, iissures. (r) The temperature glass instrument shall contain per-
deep scratches, rough areas, or other obvious damage. manent markings that document the ASTM temperature instru-
(b) The ballast at the bottom of the hydrometer shall ment designation and the instrument's serial number.
contain no loose components. (c, The liquid column is continuous from the fluid reser-
(c) The ballast at the boftom of the hydrometer shal1 be voir to the indicated temperature.
firmly afExed to glass envelope of the test instrument. (r/; Ensure that the temperature scale and its graduation
(d) Tt,e paper scale within the hydrometer stem shall be markings are intact on the instrument.
straight and without t\r'ist. lJ) If any of the items in A1.4.2.1(2) do not meet the
(e) The paper scale \r'ithin the hydrometer stem shall defined criteria. the instrument shall no longer be used and
contain an information 1abel that documents the ASTM hy- shall be replaced, with fte exception of item A1.4.2.1(2)(c).
drometer designation, units of density. and a serial number. (4) If the liquid column is non-continuous, the temperature
f, The hy&ometer shall contain a scale slippage indica- instrument shall be placed in a liquid bath and the temperature
tor and shall be positior]ed at the proper position relative to the ofthe bath increased until it causes the liquid coluron to expand
scale. This is typically the whole unit value graduation mark into the upper expansion area. After this occurs, remove the
for the upper range the instrument is designed for. temperature insbument from the liquid bath and cool the
(3)ll any of the items ir A1.:l.l.l(2) do not meet the instrument down to ambient temperature. Reverify that the
defined criteria, the instument shall no longer be used and liquid column is now continuous.
shall be replaced. f5) If the liquid colurnn is now continuous verify that the
Al.4.l.2 The nnohl'dromete rs : instrument still indicates the correct temperature in accordance
f1) Ensure that the thennohydrometer scale range selected wiAnnex A2th . If the column is non-continuous the instrument
for the analytical test covers the expected density reading. shall not be used. perform the procedure in A1.4.2.1(4) agair
(2) Inspect the thermohydrometer and ensure that it meets to try to re-unite the column and then re-verify per A L4.2.1(5).
the following requirements: A1.1.2.2 Digital Cotltact Thermometer:
(a) The thermohydrometer glass shall contain no cracks, (1.) Inspect the Digitai Contact Thermometer to ensure it
fissures, deep scratches. rough areas, or other obvious damage. meels the following requirements:
(b) The ballast at the bottom of the thermohydrometer (.7) The temperature instrument sensor shall be a PRT
shall contain no loose components style meeting the requirements of Guide E2877.
(c) The ballast at the bottom of the thermohydrometer (b) The temperature instrument shall meet the requirc-
shall be firmly affixed to g]ass envelope of the test instrument. ments of 6.2.3 of this test method.
(d) The paper scale within the thermohydrometer stem (cl Inspect the temperature instrument and ensure that all
shall be straight and without twist. components meet all mechanical and electrical requirements.

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(d, Perform an operational performance check in accor- (d) Vedfy that the display(s) are legible.
dance with the manufacturer's requirements: r/e) Verify that when tumed on the temperature reading is
(l) Note-For digital contact thermometers being used indicating a change and the change is indicating in the correct
multiple times in a short period of time, such as determining direction:
the temperaturc reading of multiple samples in a laboratory (l)The comparison device for the operational perfor
over a very short interval (an hour or less) this step may be mance check could be a liquid-in-glass thermometer; a pocket
skipped once it is performed once. dial thermometer; an ambient air reading from a local source or
r/2) However, if an interval of 60 mh or more is experi- other suitable source.
enced between analytical tests then this pedormance check is
f2l This check is intended to vedfy that the instrument is
required prior to an1 funher testing. working properly and not thar it is measuring lemperalure
(3 ) Operational Performance Check'.
accurately.
(a, Verify that the device is in good working order.
(e) Verify that the temperature instument shall have been
(b) Verify that there is no mechanical damage to the
calibmted in accordance with Annex ,A3.
instrument case body, temperature sensor, or the connecting
(2) The digital contact thermometer shall be calibrated i-n
wiring.
(c) Verity that the battery voltage is in the manufacturer's accordalce with Annex A3 if any of the requirements in
recommended operating range.
A1.4.2.2 arc not met prior to any use.

A2. PERFORNIANCE !-ERIFICATION OF DENSITY AND TENIPERATURE NIEASURING DISTRU}TENTS

A2.1 A11 density and temperature measuring instuments A2.3.1.1 Test Method E126 shall be used as the reference
shall be verifled on a periodic schedule, which depends on the standard (for the calibration of the Primary Verif,cation De-
frequency of use. vice) for the verif,cation of density instruments.
A2.3.1.2 Density instruments shali be verified at two test
A2.2 Verifcation Process-Veriflcation is a process points (approximately lower half and upper half on the
whereby the working instument is comparcd to another similar hydrometer scale) on the density scale. Test points shall be
device with a higher accuracy (lower uncertainty). This device chosen to bracket the range of use.
is typically referred to as a "Primary Verification Device or A2.3.1.3 For .outine veriflcation work. one may use a
Master DeYice". standard hydrometer as specilled in Section 6 of Test Method
A2.2.1 The Primary Verif,cation Device shall have been El26 and a reference fluid with similar surface tension and
calibrated using standards traceable to a NMI (National Me- density of the liquids the hydrometer is intended to be used, see
trology Institute) and calibrated in accordance with the appro- Table 2 in Test Method El26 for guidance.
priare secrions ofTesr Method E126. Al.3.Z leDtpe rullre lllslrutne\l5:
NorE A2.l-In the United States. the N\4I is the National Institute oi
A2.3.2.1 Test Method E77 shall be used as the reference
Stardards and Technology (MST) and in Canadn it is Measurement standard for the verification ol temperature instruments.
Canada. N1any companies which supply hydrometers, themometen to the (-l) Secondary standard thermometers as specifled in 5.5 of
industry have the capabiliq, to provide equipment rvith NIII traceabiLty. Test Method E77 are more suitable for routine work.
A2.2.2 The calibration of the Pdmary Verification Device (2) Altematively the user may also use a primary standard
shall be performed on an annuai ba.is. themometer as specilied in 5.4 of Test Method E77.
A2.3.2.2 Temperature instruments shall be verified at two or
A2.2.3 Veriflcations shall be performed using a Iiquid bath more test points on the temperature scale. Test points shall be
both for density and temperature instuments. chosen to bracket the range of use.
A2.2.3.1 A Primary Verification Device used with a tesvdry
block may be substituted for a iiquid bath for temperature A2.4 Frequency of Ve rification:
instruments, provided that it facilitates the ability to determine 42.4.1 Density llxstrunents:
the temperaturc readings of both the Primary Verification 4'2.4.1.1 Hydrometers and thermohydrometers should be
Device and the working instrument without moving the instu- verified monthly (at a minimum they shall be verified quar-
ments within the test block. terly) for frequently used inskuments (used four or more times
in a seven day period).
A23 Verificatiott Test Poi ts:
42.4.1.2 Hy&ometers and thermohydrometers should be
A2.3.7 Densit_\ InstrumetLts: verified bi-monthly (at a minimum they shall be verified every

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 Copyright AslM lntemational, 100 8ur Harbor Drive,

4ffi
!E!W!!!
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United States oiAmeric.lhis copy has been made

ndards and Quality {SIAMtQ) under license

four morths) for inliequently used instruments (u

times or less in a seven day period). 42.4.2.1 Temperature instuments shall be verified monthly
A2.4.1.3 The prelered method is a comparison in a liquid (at a minimum; weekly verifications would be optimal) for
bath, using a fluid with a similar surface tension and density for lrequentll used instruments {u.ed louror more time. in a.even
which the hydrometer is intended to be used. See Test Method day period).
E126 for guidance.
A,2.4.2.2 Temperature instruments shall be verifled bi-
A2.4.1.4 The verincation test is a comparison of the stan-
dard hydrometer reading (which has been calibrated in accor-
monthly (at a minimum: every four mooths) for infrequently
dance with Test Method E126 guidelines) to the reading of the used instruments (used *Lree times or less in a seven day
working hydrometer within one (1) scale division (0.1'APD. period).

A3. CERTIFICATION CAIIBRA.TION OF DENSITY AND TENIPERA.TURE NIEASURING I}ISTRTINIENTS

A3.1 A11 density and temperature measuring instruments A3.2.1.1 Test Method El26 shall he used as the reference
shall be calibmted on a periodic schedule, which depends on standard guide for the calibration of density instruments.
the frequency of use. A3.2.1.2 Density instruments shall be calibrated at three test
43.7.1 Calibration Process-Calibration is a process points (approximately low, medium. and high on the hydrom-
whereby the primary verification device (may also be called eter scale) on the density scale. Test points shall be chosen to
master device) is subjected to a set of operations that establish, bracket the range of use.
under specified conditions, the relationship between the values
A3.2.2 Temperature ln sI ruments :
indicated by a measuring device and the corresponding known
A3.2.2.1 Test Method E77 shall be used as the reference
values indicated when using a suitable measuring standard,
standard guide for the calibration of tempemture liquid-in-glass
traceable to a NMI, which is then applied to adjust the values
instruments.
derermined b) the measLring detice.
A3.2.2.2 Guide E2877 all,d Test Method E77 shall be used
A3.1,2 Certifed-1he process and documentation whereby as the reference standard guide for the calibration of Tempera-
a device or material is accepted as a reference standaxd, ture Digital Contact Thermometers.
accurate within prescribed limits, and traceable to a NMI.
A3.2.2.3 Temperature instrumeats shall be verifled at two or
A3.1.3 The calibration shali be performed on an annual more test points on the temperature scale. Test points shall be
basis: chosen to bracket the range of use.
A3.1.3.1 If the calibrated instrument is not placed into
service immediately after the user receives it back from the 43.3 HandLhrg, Shipping, and Docuntentation of Densitl-
caiibration laboratory, the calibration remains in effect for one and Temperature Measuritg Instrwttents.
year from the original calibration date on the calibration
A3.3.1 All density and temperature measuring instruments
certificate.
shali be securely packaged whether being shipped from the
A3. 1.3.2 Once the calibrated instrument is placed into
calibmtion laboratory or to it to preyent any damage from
service, providing it is done within the one year grace period
occuring during the shipping process.
after original calibration or any subsequent re-calibrations. the
annual calibration time period be-eins. A3.3.2 All caLibrated instruments shall be supplied with a
A3.1.3.3 Once an instrument exceeds the one year calibra- calibration certificate that provides at a minimum the following
tion grace period, without being placed in service, the calibra- in[ormation:
tion certificate is void and the instrument shall be re-calibrated. ,A3.3.2.1 ASTM numher.
4.3.1.3.4 These instruments should be properly stored in a Ai.3.2.2 Range of instrument over which it was calibrated,
climate-controlled space and not exposed to exfeme weather.
A3.3.2.3 Serial number,
Devices should also be kept in a
controlled and secure
environment to mairttain the integrity and accumcy of the A3.3.2.4 Name of manufacturer,
device. A3.3.2.5 Name of calibration laboratory.
Warning-Instruments which will be calibrated by defini- A3.3.2.6 Calibration certilied date. and
tion have a shelf life and the calibration and certification of 4.3.3.2.7 Calibration results/documentation in accordance
these instruments is typicaliy preformed when ordered. Ad- with the applicable calibmtion protocol.
equate lead dme should be ailowed when requesting a cali-
brated or cenified instrument. NorE A3.1-Column separalion may occur during the shipping process
which does not aEect the calibmlion or certification of the instrumen!. If
A3.2 Calibration Test Points the user experiences this then tbllow lhe procedure in Annex Al.
A1.4.1.1.1 of Test Nlethod D287, to rejoin column, rhis does nor afect the
43.2.I Densit_t Instrufients : overall certification.

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SLINIMARY OT CIIANGES

Subcommittee D02,02 has identifled the location of selected changes to this standa.rd since the last issue
(D28'7- l2b (2019)) that may impact the use of this standad. (Approved Dec. 1,2022.\
f1) Revised title. (6/ Added definitions for observed values and PRT to Seclion
(2) Revised subsectioN l.l,1.2,4.2.,1.3, 6.1, 6.1.1.6.2 (and 3.
subsections), 6.3.6.3.2,8.1, 8.5, 8.8, 8.9, 8.10. 9.2.1, 9.2.2, (7) Added Note 1, Note 2, Note 3. Note 4, and Note 9, and
10.2, and 10.5. renumbered subsequent.
f J) Added subsections 6.2.3, 6.3.1, 6.3.3,7 .2, 8.1.1, 8.1.2. 8.2, f8) Deleted former Note 3 and renumbered subsequent.
8.3, 8.7, 8.7.1, 8.9.1. E.q.l, and 8. I L (9) Revised Note 5.
f4) Deleted former subsections 9.2. 9.3, and 9.4 and renum- (70) Revised Table l.
bered subsequent. ( 11) Added Table 2.
(5)Added Practice D7962, Guide D8164, Test Method 877, (12) Added Figs. 1-5.
Test Method EI26, Terminology E344, Specification E2251, (1-i) Added Annex A I . Anrex A2, and Annex A3.
and Guide E2877 to Section 2.

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