EXPERIMENT – 1

AIM – To identify cation and anion in given salt through qualitative analysis

S.No. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Anion Analysis No observable change CO32-, S-2, SO32-, NO2 - 1
1. Dry salt + dil. H2SO4. Heat it. absent
2. Dry salt + conc. H2SO4. Warm it. No observable change Cl-1, Br-1, NO3-1,
CH3COO-1 absent.
SO42-, PO43-, C2O42- may
be present
3. Aq salt solution + few drops of CH3COOH. White ppt formed which C2O42- may be present
Heat + CaCl2 is insoluble in dil HNO3
4. Dry salt + dil. H2SO4. Warm it + 4-5 drops of Pink color of KMnO4 gets C2O42- is confirmed
aq KMnO4 discharged
Cation Analysis
1. Dry salt + aq NaOH. Heat
a) Smell the evolved gas Evolved gas has pungent Evolved gas may be NH3
smell
b) Bring moist red litmus paper near the mouth of Red litmus paper turns Evolved gas is basic in
test tube blue nature
c) Bring glass rod dipped in dil HCl near the Dense white fumes seen Fumes may be of NH4Cl
mouth of test tube
2. O.S. + Nessler reagent Orange colored ppt NH4+1 is confirmed
formed

RESULT – The given salt has cation - NH4+1 , anion – C2O42-

So the salt is (NH4)2(C2O4) i.e. ammonium oxalate

EXPERIMENT – 2
AIM – To identify cation and anion in given salt through qualitative analysis

S.No. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Anion Analysis No observable change CO3 , S-2, SO32-, NO2 - 1
2-

1. Dry salt + dil. H2SO4. Heat it. absent

2. Dry salt + conc. H2SO4. Warm it. Reddish brown fumes NO3-1 may be present
seen
a) Add few Cu chips to test tube Reddish brown fumes
intensify
3. Aq salt solution + freshly prepared FeSO4 Brown ring formed at the NO3-1 is confirmed
solution + conc H2SO4 poured along the sides junction of two liquids
of test tube.
Cation Analysis No pungent smell NH4+1 is absent
1. Dry salt + aq NaOH. Heat observed
2. O.S. + dil HCl White ppt formed that Pb2+ (Group I) is
dissolves in hot water indicated
3. Dissolve white ppt in hot water and divide
solution into 3 parts
a) Part I is cooled under tap water White ppt reappears Pb2+ is confirmed
b) Part II + aq KI Yellow ppt (may be PbI2)
seen
c) Part III + aq K2CrO4 Yellow ppt (may be
PbCrO4) seen

RESULT – The given salt has cation - Pb+2 , anion – NO31-

So the salt is Pb(NO3)2 i.e. lead nitrate

EXPERIMENT – 3
AIM – To identify cation and anion in given salt through qualitative analysis

S.No. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Anion Analysis No observable change CO32-, S-2, SO32-, NO2 - 1
1. Dry salt + dil. H2SO4. Heat it. absent
2. Dry salt + conc. H2SO4. Warm it. No observable change Cl-1, Br-1, NO3-1,
CH3COO-1 absent.
SO42-, PO43-, C2O42- may
be present
3. Aq salt solution + BaCl2 solution White ppt formed which SO4-2 is indicated
is insoluble in dil HCl
4. Aq salt solution + lead acetate solution White ppt formed which SO4-2 is confirmed
is soluble in hot
ammonium acetate
solution
Cation Analysis No pungent smell NH4+1 is absent
1. Dry salt + aq NaOH. Heat observed
2. O.S. + dil HCl No ppt formed Group I is absent
3. Through above solution (step 2) pass H2S gas No ppt formed Group II is absent
4. O.S. + 4-5 drops conc. HNO3. Boil and cool. Jelly like white ppt Group III (Al3+) is
Add NH4Cl(s). Boil, then cool under tap formed indicated
water. Add excess NH4OH
5. Lake Test Blue ppt floating in Presence of Al3+ is
White jelly ppt dissolved in dil. HCl + 2 drops colorless solution confirmed
blue litmus solution + NH4OH dropwise till
blue color develops

RESULT – The given salt has cation - Al+3 , anion – SO42-

So the salt is Al2(SO4)3 i.e. aluminium sulphate

EXPERIMENT – 4
AIM – To identify cation and anion in given salt through qualitative analysis

S.No. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Anion Analysis No observable change CO32-, S-2, SO32-, NO2 - 1
1. Dry salt + dil. H2SO4. Heat it. absent
2. Dry salt + conc. H2SO4. Warm it. Colorless gas with CH3COO-1 may be
vinegar smell evolved present
a) Bring moist blue litmus paper near the mouth Blue litmus paper turns Gas evolved is acidic in
of test tube. red nature
3. Make paste with a pinch each of given salt and Smell of vinegar Presence of CH3COO-1 is
oxalic acid with a few drops of water. Smell it. indicated
4. Aq salt solution + neutral FeCl3 solution and Reddish brown solution
divide resultant solution into 2 parts formed
a) Part I + dil. HCl Reddish color disappears Presence of CH3COO-1 is
b) Part II + water. Boil Reddish brown ppt confirmed
formed
5. Ester Test Pleasant fruity smell of Presence of CH3COO-1 is
Given salt + C2H5OH+ 4-5 drops conc. H2SO4. ester confirmed
Heat and pour contents of test tube in beaker
full of water. Stir and smell
Cation Analysis No pungent smell NH4+1 is absent
1. Dry salt + aq NaOH. Heat observed
2. O.S. + dil HCl No ppt formed Group I is absent
3. Through above solution (step 2) pass H2S gas No ppt formed Group II is absent
4. O.S. + 4-5 drops conc. HNO3. Boil and cool. No ppt formed Group III is absent
Add NH4Cl(s). Boil, then cool under tap
water. Add excess NH4OH
5. Through above solution (step 4) pass H2S gas Dirty white ppt formed Group IV (Zn2+) is
indicated
6. O.S. + aq. NaOH dropwise. White ppt formed on Presence of Zn2+ is
adding NaOH dissolves in confirmed
excess aq. NaOH
7. O.S. + potassium ferrocyanide solution White/Bluish white ppt
formed

RESULT – The given salt has cation - Zn+2 , anion – CH3COO1-

So the salt is (CH3COO)2Zn i.e. zinc acetate