Senior High School

Contemporary Philippine
Arts from the Regions
Philippine Art Forms
Quarter 3 Module 6

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Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 - Module 6: Philippine Art Forms
First Edition, 2020

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 Senio High S ih
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Contemporary
Philippine Arts from
the Regions
Philippine Art Forms
Quarter 3 - Module 6

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 Table of Contents

What This Module is About

What I Need to Know
How to Learn from this Module
Icons of this Module
What I Know

Lesson 1: Art Forms from Different Regions: Traditional Arts

What I Need to Know .................................................................................... 1
What’s New: Major art forms ......................................................................... 1
What’s Is It ..................................................................................................... 2-15
What’s More: Activities .................................................................................. 16
What I Have Learned: Synthesizing ............................................................. 17
What I can Do : Soap Carving .......................................................................17
Summary ............................................................................................................................... 17

Lesson 2: Art Forms from Different Regions: Non-Traditional Arts

What I Need to Know .................................................................................... 1
What’s New: Non-Traditional Art.................................................................. 1
What Is It: ...................................................................................................... 2-8
What’s More: Activities .................................................................................. 9
What I Have Learned: Wrap Up ................................................................... 10
What I can Do : Reflection............................................................................. 10
Summary .......................................................................................................10

Lesson 3: Techniques and Performance Practices Applied to Contemporary Art

What I Need to Know .................................................................................... 1
What’s New: Techniques Applied to Contemporary Art ............................ 1
What Is It: ................................................................................................... 2-5
What’s More: Collage making ...................................................................... 6
What I Have Learned: Synthesizing ........................................................... 6
What I can Do : Found Object color Wheel..................................................6
Summary ......................................................................................................6

Lesson 4: Local Materials Used in Creating Arts

What I Need to Know .................................................................................... 1
What’s New: Local Materials Used in Creating arts ..................................... 1
What Is It: .......................................................................................................2-5
What’s More: Matching column A with column B ......................................... 6
What I Have Learned: Putting the words together ....................................... 6
What I can Do : My own art craft ....................................................................7
Summary ........................................................................................................7

Key to Answers
References
About the Author
What this Module is About
Welcome to another phase of our journey in the study of the Philippine Contemporary
Arts from the Regions. This module is divided into 4 lessons. Each lesson will help you
understand the various art forms from the regions, the significance of arts, the techniques and
performance practices applied to contemporary arts, and the local materials used in creating
arts.

What I Need to Know

At the end of the lessons, you should be able to:

• Compare forms of arts from the different regions. CAR11/12CAP-0c -e-7

• Interpret and relate the significance of arts forms from the regions
CAR11/12CAP-0c -e-8

• Promote arts from the regions

CAR11/12CAP-0c -e-9

• Research on techniques and performance practices applied to contemporary arts

.CAR11/12TPP-0c -e-10

• Discuss local materials used in creating art. CAR 11/12TPP-0c-e-11

How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises honestly.
Icons of this Module
What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New This is an introduction of the new lesson

through
various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have These activities are designed to process

what you
Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.
 What I Know
Pre – test

Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the best answer from among the given choices.

1. The oldest known warp ikat textile in Southeast Asia:

A. Banton cloth C. Maranaw Textile

B. Hablon D. Inabal

2. It is one of the most fascinating traditional arts in the Philippines.

A. sculpting C. weaving
B. carving D. folk performing

3. The finest basket design is found in .

A. Cordillera C. Palawan
B. Cebu D. Negros Island

4. It is a notable stone carving found at the facade of Miagao Church.

A. Carved limestone burial urn C. Stone grave marks with okir
B. The Limestone tombs of Kamhantik D. The Kabayan Mummy Burial Caves

5. It includes epics, poems, myths, and other oral literature by a variety of ethnic groups
in the Philippines.
A. Folk literature C. Folk performing
B. Folk writing D. Tattooing

6. The genre of an entire ensemble of musicians using a diverse array of traditional

musical instruments:

A. Kundiman C. Tagongo
B. Kulintang D. Kapanirong

7. What is the oldest known folk drawings and paintings in the country?
A. Calligraphs C. Petrographs
B. Basi Revolt paintings D. Manila Mural

8. It is the first novel written by a Filipino.

A. Maming C. Banaag at Sikat
B. Noli Me Tangere D. Ninay

9. It is an art technique used in the visual arts, where the artwork is created from the
assemblage of various objects, forming a new whole.
A. Collage C. Found Objects
B. Decollage D. Assemblage

10. These are the things we can quickly find all around us.
A. Materials
B. Local Materials
C. Bamboo and Buri
D. Pandan and coconut shell
Lesson

1 Art Forms from Different Regions: Traditional Arts

What I Need to Know

The Philippine is a gold mine of ART. It has a variety of many other forms. Philippines
has been colonized by the Spaniards, Chinese, American and Japanese. Those four colonial
periods taught us a lot of things not only about living but also when it comes to art. It is proven
that the art of the Philippines had been influenced by almost all spheres of the globe. It had
the taste of Renaissance, Baroque and Modern Periods through the colonizers who have
arrived in the country.
The Philippines welcomes the birth of Contemporary art when the world opened up the
idea of postmodernism in the late 1900’s. After World war Ii and during Martial Law Era Writers
broke the laws by writing screams of protest against the government. Filmmakers used their
expertise in joining the bandwagon of nationalistic artists. Modernism in all forms evolved into
a variety of expressions and media that turned the entire world into a Creative Upheaval.
Many Filipino artists and architects became adherents of the modernists style. Late
1980’s Postmodernism sought to contradict several aspects and ideas of modernism that had
emerged earlier. They believed that artists should no longer try to create something ‘new”. All
they need to do was to borrow, combine, explore what was already existing to produce
something new. This give birth to the integrative art, which is being practiced in the regions at
present.(https://www.slideshare.net/kentabuclao/contemporary-arts-in-the-philippines-79476188)

What’s New
Activity 1: Major Art Forms
Fill in the table with the major art forms; film, theater, dance, architecture,
music , visual arts, and literature
Definition Art Forms
A form that create works that are primarily visual in nature,
such as ceramics, drawing, painting, sculpture,
printmaking, design, crafts, photography, video, film
making and architecture.

Relate to the written word and include writing, editing,

critiquing, teaching, reviewing, and other activities related
to written communication
a general term often used to describe thoughtfully
cultivated melody
A collaborative form of fine art that uses live performers to
present the experience of a real or imagined event before
a live audience in a specific place.

Performing art form consisting of purposefully selected

sequences of human movement.
the art and science of designing buildings and other
physical structures.
An art form with a language and an aesthetic all its own.

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 What Is It
Philippine arts refer to the various forms of the arts that have developed and
accumulated in the Philippines from the beginning of civilization in the country up to the present
era. They reflect the range of cultural influences on the country's culture, including indigenous
forms of the arts, and how these influences honed the country's arts. These arts are divided
into two distinct branches; traditional arts and non-traditional arts where each branch is further
divided into various categories with subcategories.

Today most Filipino contemporary artists still deal with current concerns that affect our
country. They allow the audience to participate in the experience. They acknowledge their
Filipino roots by using native and indigenous materials in their artwork which show a growing
sense of pride in being a Filipino.

Forms of arts from different Regions in the Philippines

Traditional Art

1. Folk Architecture

Folk architecture in the Philippines differ significantly per ethnic group, where the
structures can be made of bamboo, wood, rock, coral, rattan, grass, and other materials. Look
at the pictures below these abodes can range from the hut-style bahay kubo which utilizes
vernacular mediums in construction, the highland houses called bale that may have four to
eight sides, depending on the ethnic association, the coral houses of Batanes which protects
the natives from the harsh sandy winds of the area, the royal house torogan which is engraved
with intricately-made okir motif, and the palaces of major kingdoms such as the Daru
Jambangan or Palace of Flowers, which was the seat of power and residence of the head of
Sulu prior to colonization.

There are also buildings that have connected indigenous and Hispanic motif, forming
the Bahay na Bato architecture, and its proto-types. Many of these bahay na bato buildings
have been declared as world heritage site, as part of Vigan. Folk structures include simple
sacred stick stands to large spirit houses, indigenous castles or fortresses such as the Idjang,
to geologically-altering works of art such as the Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras,
locally called Payyo. At least five rice terraces clusters in the country have been declared as
world heritage sites, namely Nagacadan, Hungduan, Central Mayoyao, Bangaan, and Batad.

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 The Ifugao people's bale, highland rice granary.
Traditional stilt houses with pyramid-shaped
thatched roofs in the village of Bangaan
(pronounced ‘bahn-GAH-ahn’) at the base of
rice terraces. The area under the house is the
living area while the house itself is used for
sleeping and to store rice in the attic.

The Tausug people's Daru Jambangan

(Palace of Flowers), the royal

residence of the Sultan of Sulu

Bahay na Bato in Cebu

Bahay na Bato in Vigan

Banaue Rice Terraces (Cordillera Region)

Coral houses in Sabtang

Island, Batanes

Batad Rice Terraces in June,

Ifugao Province

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2. Maritime transport
Maritime transport in
the Philippines involves
houseboats, boat-making and
maritime customs. Such
buildings, usually made of
wood chosen by elders and
craftsmen, were used as the
main vehicles of the people,
connecting one island to
another, where the seas and
rivers were the roads of the
people.
A balangay reconstruction
While ships are known to have been used in the archipelago for thousands of years.
While boats are believed to have been used in the archipelago for thousands of years after
the arrival of humans through the sea, the early evidence of boat-making and the use of boats
in the country continues to be dated as AD 320 through the carbon-data of the Butuan boats
known as the remains of a gigantic balangay.

Various styles and types of indigenous sea vehicles

1. armadahan - two-masted double-outrigger
boat,
2. avang - the trading ship
3. bangka- the native and widely-available
watercraft
4. birau / buggoh - the dugout canoe the dugout
canoe,
5. guilalo - the large sailing outrigger ship
6.falua - the open deck boat
7. junkung - the small motorized boat
8. karakoa - the large outrigger warship

9. lepa - the houseboat

10. salisipan - the war canoe
11. vinta - and the outrigger

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3. Weaving
Weaving is an ancient art form that continues in the Philippines today, with each ethnic
group having its own distinct weaving techniques. Weaving skills include basket weaving,
backstrap weaving, headgear weaving, fishnet weaving and other weaving techniques. The
fabrics used are cotton, abaca, banana fiber, grass, and palm fiber.
A. Cloth / mat weaving
There are several types of woven cloths in the Philippines. Expensive textiles are
manufactured through a complicated and difficult method called back-strap looming. Below
are the various woven cloths coming from different regions of the Philippines, popularized by
different Filipino tribes / ethnic groups.
• Pinilian weaved (Ilocano) - a cotton cloth weaved using a pangablan, where weaving
styles of binakul, binetwagan, or tinumballitan are inputted.
• Bontoc weave revolves on the concept of centeredness, a key cultural motif among
the Bontoc people.
• Sinamaki weave - where the tinagtakho (human figure), minatmata (diamond), and
tinitiko (zigzag) are incorporated.
• Kalinga textiles - are embedded into the geometry, where motifs include continuous
lozenge pattern locally called inata-ata, and mother-of-pearl platelets called pawekan,
among many others.
• The piña fabric is considered the finest indigenous
Filipino-origin textile. Those made by the Aklanon are
the most prized, and are utilized in the national
costumes of the country, such as barong Tagalog.
• Hablon is the fine textiles of the Karay-a and
Hiligaynon people, which have been known from the
epics of the people. The textile is usually used for
Visayan patadyong and panuelo
• Saputangan tapestry weave ( Yakan) is a highly
skilled weaving utilizing the bunga-sama
supplementary weft weave, the siniluan warp-floating
pattern, the inalaman supplementary-weft technique,
and the pinantupan weft band pattern. Piṅa and cotton panuelo
• Mabal tabih ( Blaan )depicts crocodiles and curls. Weavers of the art can only be
women, as the art is dedicated and taught by Furalo, goddess of weaving.
• Dagmay weave (Mandaya) use the mud-dye technique in their craft
• Inabal (Bagobo) utilizes abaca into creating two tube skirts, namely sinukla and
bandira.
• Meranaw textile (Maranao) used for the creation of the malong, among many other
Maranao clothing. These crafts are imbibed with okir designs including potiok (bud),
dapal or raon (leaf), pako (fern), pako rabong (growing fern) and katorai (flower).
• The pis syabit weave (Tausug) utilizes the free imagination of the weaver, as having
no preset pattern for the weave is the cultural standard for making the high art.
• T'nalak ( Tboli) is a fine textile crafted by the dream-weavers who are provided the
designs and patterns through dreams by Fu Dalu, the deity of the abaca used in
weaving.
• Banton cloth ( Banton, Romblon.) The oldest known warp ikat textile in Southeast Asia

5
B. Mat-weaving is only done in shaded and cool placed as to preserve the integrity of the
mats and their fiber. Banig of Basey is an example of mat weaving where the weavers usually
work inside a cave, fibers used vary from banana, grass, palm, and many others.

A double ikat
mat from Sulu

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arts_in_the_Philippines#/media/File:Double_ikat_weaving_from_Sulu,_Philippines,_East-West_Center.JPG

C. Basketry

Fine art basketry has produced intricate designs in

the Philippines. and types intended for particular
purposes, such as farming, storage of rice, travel kit,
sword case, and so on. Art is thought to have
originated in the archipelago as a result of human
migration, where those in the north were the first to
learn the art form.
Materials used in basketries vary by ethnic
group. Some essential materials include bamboo,
Basket crafts made by the Iraya Mangyan rattan, pandan, cotton cloth, nito, beeswax,
abaca,
buri, bark, and dyes. In the same way, each ethnic group has its own basketry patterns,
including the closed crossed under weave, the closed bamboo double twill weave, the spaced
rattan pentagon pattern, and the closed tetrahedron buri, among many others.
The finest basket designs, however, come from the Palawan ethnic groups in the
southwest. The Batak of Palawan harnessed craft to high art, as well as maintaining the status
of their craft as practical
art. Intricate basketry
can also be found
amongst Mamanwa,
various
Negrito groups,
Mangyans, Ivatan, and
many others. Some of
the other basketry
items from the
Philippines include tupil
(lunch box), bukug (basket), kabil (carrying basket), uppig (lunch basket), tagga-i (rice basket),
bay'ung (basket pouch), lig-o (winning tray) and binga (bag). The weaving techniques of
basketry were also influenced by modern demands.

6
D. Weaved headgears, fishnets etc.
The weaving patterns of fish traps and gears in the
Philippines are vast, of which the Ilocano people may have the
widest collection of fish gears among the ethnic groups of the
archipelago. Notable weave fish traps include bubo, barekbek,
and pamurakan.
The weaving tradition is broom weaving, where the
most stylized in the Philippines is probably the talagadaw
brooms made by the Kalinga people. Certain woven craft
include raincoats, slippers and items used for harvesting,
planting, hunting, fishing, housekeeping, traveling and foraging.
Weaved headpieces are prevalent in the Philippines,
where multiple cultures use a variety of fibers to link mediums
that shape Filipino headgears, such as Ivatan's headgear,
Manobo's headgear, and Bontoc's headgear.
Ivatan woman wearing
a vakul

Bachelor’s hat made of

plants, teeth, tusks, shells,
and beats

Weaved hornbill headgear of

the Ilongot

Filipino fisherman with fish gear

Ifugao Brooms

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3. Carving.
The craft of carving in the Philippines focuses on woodcarving and non-clay traditional
sculptures. Woodcarving is one of the most fascinating traditional arts in the Philippines, with
some craft from different ethnic groups dating back to the Hispanic arrival, possibly the oldest
surviving today being pieces of a wooden boat dating back to AD 320. Here are some of the
famous wood carvings that have been made.
a. Wood carving
A. Bulul. These divine wooden statues, known in various groups
through different generic names, abound throughout the
Philippines from the northern Luzon to southern Mindanao.
B. Art of Okir . Another fine art attributed to the ethnic
groups in Mindanao and the Sulu archipelago.
C. Paete, Laguna is among the most famous woodcarving
places in the country, especially on religious Hispanic woodcarving.
Various woodcarving epicenters in the Hispanic tradition are
also present in several municipalities, where the majority of crafts
are related to the life of Christ and the Virgin Mary, where the
practices of Mary prevail.
Wood crafts of particular items, such as sword hilts, musical
instruments, and other artifacts, are also noteworthy, where
depictions of ancient mythical beings are typically carved. There
are other native wood crafts and techniques in the Philippines,
some of which have been used in Hispanic woodcarvings since
Standing bulul conquest, such as Paete's woodcarving types.

Philippine’s famous wood carvings.

Las Piṅas Bamboo Organ Kulintang from Mindanao

Detail of a torogan's panolong with a

naga okir motif

8
b. Stone carving
Stone carving is an award-winning art form in the
Philippines. Such objects typically represent either an
ancestor or a god who allows the spirit of a loved one to
reach the afterlife properly. Ancient carved burial urns
have been found in many places, especially in the
Cotabato region.
A. The Limestone tombs of Kamhantik ( Quezon
province ) are elaborate tombs, believed to initially
possess rock covers signifying that they were
sarcophagi. These tombs are believed to have been
originally roofed, as evidenced by holes marked onto
them, where beams have been placed.

Stone carvings at the facade of Miagao Church

B. Stone grave marks with okir ( Tawi – tawi )

are also notable, with the people of Tawi-tawi. In many
areas, sides of mountains are carved to form burial
caves, especially in the highlands of northern Luzon.
C. The Kabayan Mummy Burial Caves (Romblon)
A notable stone carving on a church is the facade of
Miagao Church.

Carved limestone burial urn (14th cent.)

c. Ivory carving

Religious carvings of ivory, or garments as

locally known, became common after the direct
introduction of ivory from mainland Asia to the
Philippines, where carvings centered on Christian
symbols such as the Madonna with Child, the Christ
Child and the sorrowful mother. Ivory carving is an
art practiced in the Philippines for more than a
thousand years, with the oldest known ivory product
known as the Butuan Ivory Seal.

Ivory carving of Christ Child with gold paint

(1580-1640)

9
d. Folk performing arts
The bulk of folk performing arts in the Philippines are traditional dances, plays and
dramas. Ethnic group in the Philippines has its own heritage of folk performing arts, but the
Filipino folk performing arts do have Spanish and American influences due to the country's
historical narratives. Various folk dramas and plays are featured in many people's epics.
Between non-Hispanic cultures, dramas on epics such as Hinilawod and Ibalong are well
known, while among Hispanic communities, Senakulo is a remarkable drama.
Notable examples of folk performing arts
• the banga * manmanok * ragragsakan
• Tarektek * uyaoy/uyauy * pangalay
• asik, * singkil, * sagayan
• binaylan * sugod uno * kapa malong malong dugso,
• kinugsik kugsik * siring, pagdiwata * maglalatik
• tinikling * subli * cariñosa
• Kuratsa * pandanggo sa ilaw.

Singkil Royal Dance

e. Folk (oral) literature

Folk (oral) literature arts

include epics, poems, myths, and
other oral literature by a variety of
ethnic groups in the Philippines. Oral
literature has influenced people's
thought and way of life, providing the
basis for beliefs, practices and social
structures that support societies in
multiple aspects of life. As diverse as
Filipino folk literature, other literary
works continue.

Notable epic-poems
Darangen of the Maranao Hinilawod of Panay. Biag ni Lam-Ang of the Ilocano
Ibalon of the Bicolano Hudhud and Alim of the Ifugao Ulalim cycle of the Kalinga,
Lumalindaw of the Gaddang Kudaman of Palawan Agyu Cycle of the Manobo
Tulelangan of the Ilianon Manobos Gumao of Dumalinao
Ag Tubig Nog Keboklagan Keg Sumba Neg Sandayo of the Subanon,
Tudbulul of the Tboli people

10
f. Folk graphic and plastic arts
a. Tattooing
It was adopted thousands of years ago by Austronesian ancestors, where it evolved
into cultural symbols in a number of ethnic groups. While this custom has been in place for
thousands of years, it was first on paper in the 16th century, where the bravest Bisaya
(Pintados) was the most tattooed.
Similar tattooed communities have been recorded among the Bicolanos of the
Camarines and the Tagalogs of Marinduque. The tattooed people of Mindanao include
Manobo, where their tattoo practice is called pang-o-túb But perhaps the most known tattooed
people in the Philippines today are the highland people of Luzon, collectively called Igorot,
where they are historically tattooed prior to colonization.
At present, only the small village of Tinglayan in Kalinga province has traditional tattoo artists
crafting batoks, led by master tattooist and Kalinga matriarch Whang-od. Over the last
decade, the many traditional tattoo arts in the Philippines have undergone a resurgence after
centuries of decline.

Whang-od crafting a tattoo (21st century)

b. Folk writing (calligraphy)
The Philippines has various indigenous scripts collectively referred to as suyat, each
of which has its own types and calligraphic styles. Various ethno-linguistic communities in the
Philippines used scripts of various mediums before the Spanish conquest in the 16th century
until the independence period in the 21st century. At the end of colonialism, only four of the
suyat scripts had survived and continued to be used by some groups in everyday life that had
been registered in the UNESCO World Memory Program under the name of Philippine
Paleographs (Hanunoo, Buid, Tagbanua and Pala'wan) in 1999.

These four suyat scripts

1. hanunó'o/hanunoo of the Hanuno'o Mangyan
,
2. buhid/build of the Buhid Mangyan
3. Tagbanwa script of the Tagbanwa
4. palaw'an/pala'wan of the Palaw’an
Owing to dissension from colonialism, many
artists and cultural experts have resurrected the use of
their own scripts that have become extinct as a result of
Spanish persecution.
Buhid Calligrapy

11
The revived scripts
1. kulitan script of Kapampangan people
2. badlit script of various Visayan ethnic groups,
3. iniskaya script of the Eskaya people,
4. baybayin script of the Tagalog people, the Kulitan
5. sambali script of the Sambal people, script
6. basahan script of the Bicolano people,
7. sulat pangasinan script of the Pangasinense people
8. kur-itan script of the Ilocano people

g. Folk drawing and painting

Folk drawings have been documented in the archipelago for thousands of years. The
oldest folk art is the stone drawings and engravings, which include the petroglyphs in Angono
(Rizal), produced during the Neolithic period of the Philippines, corresponding to 6000 BC to
2000 BC.
The drawings were perceived as religious in nature,
with child drawings intended to alleviate the illness of
children. Another known petroglyph is Alab (Bontoc), which
is dated not later than 1500 BC and portrays symbols of
fertility such as pudenda. At the other hand, ancient folk
drawings such as petrographs can also be found at specific
sites in the region. Petrograhs in Anda (Bohol) are sketches
made of red hematite. Petrographs recently found in
Monreal (Ticao) contain sketches of monkeys, human
faces, worms or insects, trees, dragonflies and birds.
Petrographs from Singnapan in southern Palawan are also
drawn with charcoal.
Folk paintings, like folk drawings, are works of art that
usually include depictions of folk culture. Evidences
Painting made with the Waray people suggest that the people of the archipelago have been
kut-kut technique, developed in Samar
painting and glazing their potteries for thousands of years. Pigments used in paintings range
from gold, yellow, reddish purple, green, white, blue-green, to blue. Statues and other
creations have also been painted on by various ethnic groups, using a variety of colors.
Paintings on skin with elaborate designs is also a known folk art which continue to be practiced
in the Philippines, especially among the Yakan people.

h. Hat making
Hat-making is a fine art in many
communities throughout the country, with
the gourd-based tabungaw of Abra and
Ilocos being one of the most prized.
Indigenous Filipino hats were widely used
in the daily lives of the people until the 20th
century when they were replaced by
Western-style hats. They are currently
worn during certain occasions, such as
Figure 1Bontoc Hat
festivals, rituals, or in theatre.

12
 12

Gourd - based salakot Mandaya people's sandok Tortoiseshell salakot

i. Mask Making

The art of mask creation is both an indigenous and imported

tradition, as certain communities have mask-making practices prior
to colonization, while some mask-making traditions were
introduced through trade from parts of Asia and the West. Today,
these masks are worn mostly during festivals, such as the Higantes
Festival, Moriones Festival, and Maskara Festival
Most indigenous masks are made of wood, where these works of
art are almost always rudimentary as they represent beings outside
basic human comprehension. Gold masks made specifically for the
dead also abound in the country, specifically in the Visayas region.
However, the practice of gold mask making ceased due to Spanish
colonization. Masks made of bamboo and paper used in Lucban
Elaborate Filipino mask depict the proverbial Filipino farming family. Masks of Marinduque
are used in pantomimic dramatization, while masks of Bacolod depict egalitarian values,
showing ancient traditions of equality among the people, regardless of economic standards.
In theater, various masks are notable among epics, especially those related to the Ramayana
and Mahabharata.
j. Pottery
Pottery art, known as ceramic pottery, clay pottery and folk clay sculpture, has long
been part of various cultures in the
Philippines, with evidence of pottery culture
dating back some 3,500 years.] Notable
pottery artifacts from the Philippines include
Manunggul Jar (890-710 BCE) and Maitum
anthropomorphic pottery (5 BC-225 AD).
Ceramic pottery was first produced
around 1,000 years ago, which led to what
scholars call 'ceramic age' in the Philippines.
Ceramic trade also became widespread,
where pottery and shards were found in the
Philippines as far as the Arab world, possibly
Egypt, and East Asia, according to the
National Commission for Culture and the
Arts.
Similar jars have also been sold directly to
Japan. Notable folk clay art in the country
Manunggul Jar from Palawan include The Triumph of Death Science
(1890) and Mother's Revenge (1894),
common pottery in the country includes
tapayan and palayok. In recent years, the art of pottery has received the media's interest, as
different techniques and designs are continually being designed by Filipino craftsmen.

13
k. Non-ornamental metal crafts
Non-Metal crafts are also noteworthy among the
craftsmen of different national craftsmen, such as Baguio in the
north. Hispanic metal crafts are common among lowlanders.
These crafts usually include giant bells, the largest of which is
preserved in Asia at the Panay Church. Deity crafts made of
metals, in particular gold, have also been found in the
Philippines, with the Agusan image being a remarkable one.
Non-ornamental metal crafts are metal products which
stand on their own. These crafts are generally as elegant as
they are and seldom require ornamental metal work to further
thei native aesthetics - Ethnic group has its own terminology for
craftsmen specializing in metalwork, with the people of Moro Lantalka guns

being one of the leading creators of quality metalworks, typically decorated with metalwork.

l. Blade arts
Many swords are specifically designed for ceremonial purposes and agricultural
purposes, whereas other styles are specifically used for offensive and defensive warfare.
Sword making is an ancient tradition in the Philippines, where the Filipino bladesmiths have
been producing quality swords and other bladed weapons for centuries, with a variety of types
influenced by the sheer diversity of ethnic groups in the archipelago.
The most known Filipino sword
1. kampilan, a well-defined sharp blade with an
aesthetically protruding spikelet on the flat side of the tip
and an apple which depicts one of four sacred
creatures,
2. bakunawa (dragon),
3. buaya (crocodile),
4. kalaw (hornbill)
5. kakatua (cockatoo).

Kampilan sword
Filipino bladed weapons
* balarao - winged dagger * balasiong - convex sword
* balisong - the butterfly knife * balisword - the modernized sword
* bangkung - slash-hack sword * banyal - the top-concave sword
* barong - the leaf sword * batangas - the wide-tipped
* the machete bolo, * dahong palay - the rice-leaf sword
* gunong - dagger-kalis * gayang - the double-edged anti-slip
* machete golok, * kalis - the wavy sword
* karambit - claw knife * panabas - battle axe
* pinutí - white sword * machete pirah
* gunong - last-resort knife * susuwat - the devastation sword
* taga - sawtooth sword * utak - wide-tipped

14
Kinds of spears
1. (sibat), axes, 2. darts (bagakay), 3. arrows (pana/busog)

Swords Daggers
m. Martial arts
Filipino martial arts vary from ethnic group to ethnic group due to the diversity of cultures
within the archipelago. The most famous is
1. Arnis (also called kali and eskrima) - the most famous martial arts. The national sport and
martial art of the Philippines, which emphasize weapon-based fighting styles with sticks,
knives, bladed weapons and various improvised weapons as well as open hand techniques.
Tribal term for Arnis
• estoque, estocada, and garrote (Spanish time)
• .paccalicali-t (Ibanags)
• didya/kabaroan (Ilocanos)
• sitbatan/kalirongan (Pangasinenses)
• sinawali "to weave" (Kapampangans)
• calis/pananandata (use of weapons) Tagalogs
• pagaradman (Ilonggos)
• kaliradman (Cebuanos)
Unarmed Martial Techniques
• Pangamot (Bisaya )
• suntukan (Tagalog)
• sikaran (Tagalog)
• dumog (Karay-a)
• buno (Igorot )

15
 What’s More

Activity 2: Identification (from various styles and types of indigenous sea vehicles)

Identify the following. (Write your answer in a sheet of paper)

1. Carbon data of Butuan boats.

2. The large outrigger warship
3. The royal house which is engraved with intricately-made okir motif.
4. The trading ship
5. The war canoe
6. It involves houseboats, boat-making and maritime customs.
7. Indigenous castles or fortresses
8. The houseboat
9. The dugout canoe
10. Two-masted double-outrigger boat,

Activity 3: Traditional Art Form

Fill in the table the needed answer / information. The first one is done for you.

Traditional Art Kind

1 Folk Performing arts Tinikling

2 Sibat

3 Gourd Salakot

4 Buhid calligraphy

5 Madonna with child

6 Kabayan Mummy Burial Child

7 Hablon

8 Falua

9 Bahay na Bato

10 Maranaw Textile

16
 What I Have Learned

Activity 4: Synthesizing

Answer the questions briefly

1. How important is traditional art?

2. How would you promote traditional art to your friends and family?

3. What do you think is the important role traditional art to contemporary period?

What I Can Do
Activity 5: Soap Carving

Carving is usually the process of shaping something from the materials by scraping certain
portions with the aid of the tools available. Today using any fresh bar soap, carve the design
of your choice on the soap then if possible, apply colors to beautify your output.

Creativity - 25 points
Design - 25 points
Time and effort - 15 points
Craftmanship - 35 points
Total - 100 points

Summary
The Philippine is a gold mine of ART. It has a variety of many other forms. The following are
the forms of arts in the regions under the category of traditional art.
1. Folk Architecture. Folk architecture in the Philippines differ significantly per ethnic group,
where the structures can be made of bamboo, wood, rock, coral, rattan, grass, and other
materials.
2. Maritime. Maritime transport in the Philippines involves houseboats, boat-making and
maritime customs
3. Weaving is an ancient art form that continues in the Philippines today.
4. Carving. The craft of carving in the Philippines focuses on woodcarving and non-clay
traditional sculptures.
5. Folk performing arts. The bulk of folk performing arts in the Philippines are traditional
dances, plays and dramas.
6. Folk (oral). Literature Folk (oral) literature arts include epics, poems, myths, and other oral
literature by a variety of ethnic groups in the Philippines.
7. Folk graphic and plastic arts includes tattooing.
8. Folk drawing and painting
9. Hat making. Hat-making is a fine art in many communities throughout the country
10. hat making and Mask making
11. Pottery
12. Ornamental and non-ornamental crafts.

17
Lesson
Art Forms from Different Regions: Non-Traditional Art

What I Need to Know

Non-Traditional Art is a type of art that uses materials which are not commonly used,
such as sticks, leavesor even melted pencils. Non-Traditional arts in the Philippines include
dance, music, theatre, visual arts, writing, film and broadcast arts, architecture and allied arts,
and design. There area variety of Filipino professionals or experts in the various fields of non-
traditional arts, who are well-received by the Filipinos.

What’s New
Activity 1: Non-Traditional Arts
The student will answer in a sheet of paper.
Identify the following word as to what non - traditional art it belongs.

D - dance, M- music, T – Theater, V – visual arts,

L – literature , A – architecture, F – film & broadcast S – sculpture,

1. kadal taho 6. Doctrina Christiana

2. Kulintang 7. Rizal monument
3. kitchen equipment and utensils 8. Sarimanok series
4. Iconic outfits 9. senakulo
5. Dalagang bukid 10. subli

1
 What Is It

a. Dance
Filipino dance is inspired by the country's folk performing arts, as well as its Hispanic traditions.
The art of dance in the non-traditional context involves dance choreography, dance direction and dance
performance. Many styles have also developed due to global influences.
Ballet has also been a popular dance style in the Philippines since the early twentieth century. Pinoy hip
hop music has inspired the country's regional dances, where others have adapted global trends for hip
hop and break dance. Many choreographers in the Philippines focus on both traditional and western
dances, with dance companies focusing on Hispanic and traditional dance forms.
Different Ethnic dances
1. banga
2. moro dances
a. pangalay
b. singkil dances
3. lumad dances
a. kuntaw
b. kadal taho
c. lawin-lawin dance
4. Christianized Filipino dances
A. maglalatik
Performers of Moro dances in an international stage
b. tinikling dance
b. Music
The foundation of Filipino music is the enormous
tangible and intangible musical heritage of many ethnic groups
in the archipelago, some of which have been influenced by
other Asian and Western cultures, especially Hispanic and
American music. Musical arrangement, musical direction and
musical performance are at the core of non-traditional musical
art.

Filipino music genres

A. Manila sound - brought optimistic themes in the declining state of the country during the martial
law years.
B. Pinoy reggae - which focuses on dancehall music faithful to the expressions of Jamaican reggae.
C. Pinoy rock - which incorporates rock music with Filipino cultural influences.
D. Pinoy pop - which is one of the most common genres in the Philippines.
E. Tagonggo - which is typically performed by well-dressed male musicians
F. Kapanirong - which is a serenade genre
G. Kulintang - the genre of an entire ensemble of musicians using a diverse array of traditional
musical instruments,
H. Kundiman - a traditional genre of Filipino love music
I. Bisrock - a genre of Sebwano rock music
J. Pinoy hip hop - is genre of hip hop adopted from American hip hop music.

2
 c. Theater
Theater in the Philippines has the character of Malaya (freeman), which is seen in the
ceremonies, mimetic dances, and mimetic practices of the actors. Theater in the Philippines has a long
history. The cornerstone of which is the folk performing arts of the western arts. In the non-traditional
category, theatrical direction, theater
presentation, theater production design,
theatrical lighting and sound design, and
theater playwriting are the focal points of
the arts.
Plays with Spanish roots have
influenced the Filipino theater and drama,
in particular the comedy, (Sinakulo) the
playlets, the Sarsuela and the Filipino
drama. Puppetry, such as Carrillo, is also a
fascinating theater craft.
Theater with an Anglo-American
influence, on the other hand, has often
blended with other styles of theater, such
as Bodabil and plays in English. New and
original plays by Filipinos have also influenced the theater and drama of the Philippines using
representational and presentational styles taken from contemporary modern theater and revived
traditional forms from within or outside the region.

d. The visual arts under the non-traditional arts include painting, non- folk sculpture,
printmaking, photography, installation art, mixed media works, illustration, graphic arts, performance art,
and imaging.
Painting
The influences introduced by other Asian and Western cultures have artistically advanced the art
of painting. In the 16th century and throughout the colonization era, religious propaganda paintings for
the spread of Catholicism became rampant. Most of these paintings are essentially part of church
structures, such as ceilings and walls. At the same time, non-religious paintings were also well known.
Notable painting during that period includes the image of Nuestra Senora de la Soledad de Porta Vaga
(1692)
Folk painting has always been part of the diverse cultures in the Philippines. Petroglyphs and
petrographs are the oldest known folk drawings and paintings in the country, the oldest made in the
Neolithic era. Human figures, frogs, lizards, and other designs have been depicted. They may have
been more symbolic symbols, associated with healing and compassionate magic. The influences of other
Asian and Western cultures have artistically advanced the art of painting.
Throughout the 19th century, wealthier, educated Filipinos brought more secular Filipino art,
making art in the Philippines deviate from religious motifs. The use of aquarelle paintings increased
and the subject matter of paintings began to include landscapes, Filipinos, Filipino fashion, and
government officials. Portrait paintings by the painters
themselves, Filipino jewelry and native furniture. Landscape
paintings depicted scenes of average Filipinos participating in
their daily tasks. These paintings often featured the names of
ornately painted artists. These paintings often featured the names
of ornately painted artists. Such paintings were made on paper,
wood, and a number of metals. Notable aquarelle paintings were
made in the style of Tipos del País or in the styleof Letras y
figuras. Notable oil paintings of the 19th century include Basi
Revolt paintings (1807) Sacred Art of the ParishChurch of
Santiago Apostolic (1852), Assassination of
Governor Bust. Sarimanok ( 20th century
3
After World War II, art was heavily inspired by the effects of war. Popular themes included battle

scenes, devastation, and the Filipino people's suffering. Nationalistic themes in painting continued in the

20
midst of the war's effects. The key examples include the International Rice Research Institute (1962)
and the Manila Mural (1968) Paintings of the 20th-21st century displayed the native cultures of the
Philippines as part of the spread of nationalism.
Notable paintings during the period include the series Chickens (1968) and Sarimanok (late
20th century). Some works have also criticized the continuing colonial outlook in the region, such as
discrimination against darker-skinned people and the negative effects of colonialism. Filipinas: A Racial
Identity Crisis (1990's) and Brown Man's Burden (2003) are noteworthy artistic works on this subject.
Numerous works of art have been created primarily as a protest state authoritarian rule, human rights
violations, and fascism.

Sculpture

Sculpture is a three-dimensional piece of art created by the formation of different kinds of materials.
Sculptures are three-dimensional pieces of art that are created by shaping various kinds of material.
Among the most popular are stone, steel, plastic, ceramics, and wood. Sculpture is often referred to as
plastic arts.
The art of sculpture in the country originated from native cultures, which includes works of art made of
wood, metal, stone, coral, grass, rattan, bamboo and other mediums. Non-folk sculpture in the
Philippines is a major form of art, with many artists and students focusing on the subject. Different
materials can be used in sculptures, such as iron, wax, glass, wood, plastic, bamboo, and many more.
The country's art of sculpture originated from native cultures, which includes works of art made of wood,
metal, stone, coral, grass, rattan, bamboo, and other mediums.
Notable non-folk sculptures include Oblation, which represents selfless devotion and service to the
country, Rizal Monument, depicting the Filipino martyr and scholar Jose Rizal, Tandang Sora National
Shrine, depicting the revolutionary mother of Katipunan Melchora Aquino, Lapu-Lapu Shrine, depicting
the classic-era hero Lapu-Lapu, who conquered the colonizers during his lifetime people Power
Monument, Celebrating the power and activism of the people over its government, Filipinas Comfort
Women, which immortalizes the suffering and judicial need for Filipinas to comfort women during the
Second World War, and the Bonifacio Monument, depicting the revolutionary hero Andres Bonifacio.
The following are some of the famous sculptures in the Philippines
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arts_in_the_Philippines)

Lapu – Lapu shrine Tandang Sora Monument Bonifacio Monument

Filipina Comfort Women

Gabriela Silang Monument Rizal Monument

21
 Print making

Printmaking is an artistic process based on the principle of transferring images from a matrix onto
another surface, most often paper or fabric. Printmaking generally involves only the method of producing
prints that have an element of originality, rather than just a photographic reproduction of a painting.
Printing is a method of producing artworks by printing, usually on paper. Traditional printmakingtechniques
include woodcuts, etching, engraving and lithography, while modern artists have expanded the available
techniques to include screen printing.
Printmaking began in the Philippines after the religious orders at the time, namely Dominicans,
Franciscans and Jesuits, started printing prayer books and inexpensive prints of religious images, such
as the Virgin Mary, Jesus Christ, or the saints, known as estampas or estampitas, which were used to
spread Roman Catholicism and to further colonize the islands. Maps were also printed through the art
form, which includes the 1734 Velarde map. Printmaking has since diversified in the country, which has
included woodblock printing and other forms.
Photography

Photography is taking pictures by letting the camera's lenses light up on a film. In analog
photography, the light was captured on a film that had to be chemically produced. Most of the images
are digital today. Cameras don't have a film; the images are recorded on silicon chips.
Photography began in the country in the 1840s, when photography equipment was introduced. During
the colonial era, photos were used as news media, tourism, tool for anthropology and documentation,
and as a means for the Spanish and Americans to assert their perceived social status to natives in support
of colonial propaganda. This later changed
independent of the Philippines where

photography has been commonly used by people for

personal documentation and commercial use. Other forms of visual arts in the Philippines include
installation art, mixed media works, illustration, graphic art, performance art and imagery.
The world's first photograph made in a camera was taken in 1826 by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce. The
photograph was taken from the upstairs’ windows of Niépce's estate in the Burgundy region of France.
In addition, photography has become more common in Manila and the rest of the Philippines
since 1860. While it is claimed that the first photography studios were established in the Philippines in
the 1850s, the first known active photo studio was that of British photographer Albert Honnis.

The image shows the execution by firing

squad of José Rizal, December 30, 1896. This
photograph (Fusilamiento de José Rizal) was
taken by Manuel Arias Rodriguez, a Spanish
creole.

22
 e. Literature
Poetry, fiction, essay, and literary / art criticism are the focal points of non-traditional art literature,
usually based on or influenced by the traditional folk (oral) literature of natives, which focuses heavily on
works of art from epics, ethnic mythologies, and related stories and traditions. In some cultures,
calligraphy on different mediums has been used to create.
As mentioned in Lesson 1, the Ambahan of Hanunoo Mangyan is an example of folk literature. In
addition, the literature under the colonial regime focused heavily on Spanish-language works under
Spanish occupation, and then on adaptation to the English-language under American occupation.
Nevertheless, Filipino literary works without colonial propaganda were made by local authors as well.
Thus, in the 21st century, Filipino literature plunges into historical narratives of modernity, global outlook,
and concepts of equality and nationalism.
Presented below are the famous literary.
Year/ Century Title Artist / Tribe Description
Published

17th century Biag ni Lam - ang Ilocano manuscript

1869 Florante at Laura Francisco Epic – inputting writing with

Balagtas Asian and European themes

1878 0r 1894 Ang Baba inga Huaran Hiligaynon First modern play in any
Philippine langguage

19th century Ninay Pedro First novel written by a Filipino

Paterno

1887 Noli Me Tangere A novel both aim to enlighten

the Filipinos on what is
Jose Rizal
1891 El filibusterismo happening in the country.

1900 Maming Sebwano First novel in sebwano

1906 Banaag at Sikat Lope K. Literary dives into the concept

santos of socialism, capitalism and
the union of laborers

1921 The Child of sorrow Zoilo Galang First Filipino Book written in
English

1966-1967 Sa mga Kuko ng Edgardo M. Fiction

Liwanag Reyes

1983 Dekada 70 Lualhati Literary works tackling the

Bautista evident human rights and
Amado V. violations of those who are in
Luha ng Buwaya
Hernandez power during Martial law

2002 Smaller and smaller Felisa

circles Batacan
Filipino literature in the 21st
century dives into historical
2007 Ang Ladlad:An J. Niel Garcia/
narratives in modernity, global
Anthology of Phil. Gay
Danton outlooks, and concepts of
Writing
Remoto equality and nationalism

2008 Ilustrado Miguel Syjuco

2018 Insurrecto Gina Apostol

23
 f. Film and Broadcast arts
Film and broadcast art focus on the performing arts, writing, production design, filmmaking, editing,
animation, performance, and new media.
Filmmakers render moving pictures that transform into movies. It is a very costly and complicated type
of art that requires several things, such as composing, casting, and editing film sequences until they can
be presented to the public. A full-length film often takes weeks or months to produce.
The history of cinematic arts in the Philippines officially began in 1897, with the introduction of moving
pictures to Manila. Filipinos helped foreign filmmakers in the Philippines for a time, until in 1919, when
filmmaker José Nepomuceno made the first ever Filipino film, Dalagang Bukid (Country Maiden). The
1940s produced films that would point to the realities of people, due to the invasion years during the
Second World War. More imaginative and sophisticated films appeared a decade later under the
umbrella of professional films, as they were viewed at the time. The 1960's saw an era of commercialism,
fan movies, soft porn movies, action flicks, and western spin-offs, until the golden age of cinema met the
turbulent years of dictatorship from the 1970's to the 1980's. The films of the period have been
supervised by the government, with various filmmakers being arrested. A remarkable film made during
this period is Himala, which deals with the concept of religious fanaticism. The era after martial rule dealt
with more serious topics, with independent films being produced by many filmmakers.
The 1990s saw the rise of films similar to Western films, together with the continued popularity of films
focused on the realities of deprivation. Manila in the Claws of Light, The Flor Contemplacion Story,
Oro, Plata, Mata, and Sa Pusod ng Dagat are among the most serious films of the period.
Cinema in the 21st century Philippines has seen a revival of iconic watches, with films being made on
various fronts. Films on human dignity, ideas of injustice, self-love and historical narratives have
achieved common success. Main films during the period include The Blossoming of Maximo Oliveros,
Caregiver, Kinatay, Thy Womb, That Thing Called Tadhan, A Lullaby to the Sorrowful Mysteries, and
the film version of the book Smaller and Smaller Circles.

g. Architecture
The basis of Filipino non-folk architecture is the folk architecture of various ethnic groups within the
Philippines. Diversity of vernacular architecture ranges from bahay kubo, bahay na bato, torogan,
idjang, payyo, and ethnic shrines and mosques. After the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century,
various western styles were introduced, such as the Baroque, which was used for the establishment of
the Manila Cathedral and the Boljoon Church. Nevertheless, owing to the geological nature of the
islands, the Baroque architecture was later converted into a special style now known as Earthquake
Baroque, which was used in the building of the Binondo Church, the Daraga Church and the Paoay
Church World Heritage Sites, the Miagao Church, the San Agustin Church and the Santa Maria
Church.
Art Deco continues to be a common architecture in some Filipino communities, with the city of
Sariaya considered the country's capital of Art Deco. Italian and Italian-Spanish architecture can be
seen in some buildings such as Fort Santiago and The Ruins. Stick-style stands out among some
wooden houses, such as the Silliman Court. Neoclassical is probably the most vividly portrayed in the
world.
Architecture under the category of non-traditional arts focus on non-folk architecture and its allied
arts such as interior design, landscape architecture, and urban design. The rebirth of indigenous
architecture into neo-vernacular architecture took place in the late 20th and 21st centuries. Such
buildings and institutions have become the symbols of Philippine nationalism and racial representation.
Modern architecture is currently a common style in the Philippines, with some examples including the
Church of Saint Andrew the Apostle and the Manila Hotel. Demolition of culturally important buildings
and structures has occurred in the present era, despite the enactment of laws disallowing such acts.
Many cultural workers and architects have made progress in stopping the demolition of certain buildings
and structures.

24
 Allied Arts of Architecture

Interior of the National Museum of Natural History A. Interior design

The interior design of the Philippines has been inspired by
indigenous Filipino interiors and traditions, Hispanic styles,
American styles, Japanese styles, industrial design, avant-
garde, tropical design, neo-vernacular, international style and
sustainable design. Since interior spaces are manifestations of
community, beliefs, and ambitions, Filipino scholars have been
extensively researched. For decades, the country's traditional
interior design styles have been Tropical, Filipino, Japanese,
Mediterranean, Chinese, Moorish, Victorian, and Baroque, while
Avant Garde Urban, Tech and Trendy, Metallic Beauty, Rustic
Luxury, Eclectic Elegance, Organic Opulence, Design
Deconstructed, and Funk Art have recently becomelar. Mindanao relief map from Dapitan (c. 1892)
popular
B. Landscape architecture
Landscape architecture in the Philippines initially
followed the client's opulence, but in recent years the
emphasis has been on habitats and sustainability.
C. Urban design

Urban planning is a
key economic and
cultural issue in the
Philippines, notably
due to the high population of the country, marked with problems on
infrastructures such as transportation. Many urban planners have
initiated proposals for the uplifting of urban areas, especially in
congested and flood-prone Metro Manila.

Urban design for Intramuros, 1734

Design The art of design is present in all forms of art, whether traditional or non-traditional, but design
Arts in the context of non-traditional arts usually emphasize industrial design and fashion design.
Classification of design
A. Industrial design
Industrial design is the professional service of creating and developing concepts and specifications that
optimize the function, value and appearance of products and systems for the mutual benefit of both user
and manufacturer. It is an art in which design precedes manufacturing of goods intended for mass
production, has been a key factor in improving the economy of the Philippines. Many of the country's
artistic creations are made through research and development, which interact with aesthetics that
appeals to customers. The packaging of food and other goods, as well as the key esthetics of other
goods, such as electronics, are prime examples of industrial design, as well as the esthetics of mass-
produced cars, kitchen appliances and utensils, furniture and many others.
B. Fashion design
Fashion arts is one of the oldest artistic crafts in the world, and every ethnic group has its own
sense of fashion. Indigenous fashion makes use of various materials produced by traditional techniques,
such as weaving and ornamental techniques. Unlike industrial design, which is designed for objects and
structures, fashion design is intended as a whole-body kit. Filipino fashion is based on indigenous
people's fashion styles, as well as on esthetics adopted by other Asians and Westerners through trade
and colonization. Ilustrado fashion has become prevalent in the last years of the Hispanic era, with the
majority of the population wearing Hispanic outfits. This changed gradually after the importation of the
American_culture.
25
26
 What’s More
Activity 2: Song composition
You compose a song and choose which among those Filipino genres presented above catch
your attention and why. (The teacher will make rubrics as a tool for scoring)
Song Title:
Theme:
Filipino Music Genre:
Description:

Activity 3: Puzzle

2 4.

1 5

3. 10

Down Across
1. The oldest folk drawings and portraits 2. Notable printing during late 20th century
3. medium use for taking pictures 6. An art of taking pictures
4. art forms that are primarily visual in nature 7. An example of sculpture
5. an artistic process based in the principle of fabric 8. Three dimensional pieces of art
10. an inexpensive prints of religious images 9. World first photographer

27
 Activity 4: Video making / recording

Choose which of the following listed below you are going to do. Then make a video in
presenting it to your teacher. (The teacher will make a rubric as a tool for scoring)

1. Song or Literary composition

2. Featuring a sculpture such as, Bonifacio monument, Rizal shrine etc.
3. Featuring an architecture or a design such as landscape, interior design, urban design etc.

What I Have Learned

Activity 5: Wrap up (The teacher will make a rubric as a tool for scoring)

In this lesson I have learned

What I Can Do
Activity 5: Reflection (Teacher will make a rubric as a tool for scoring)

If you will be a director of a film, a writer of a life story, a camera man, a designer and an engineer.

How will you write and direct your own life story?

How will you design and build your future?

As a millennial and a photographer as well, at what angle of your life you need to
focus? Why?

Summary
Art Forms from Different Regions: Non-Traditional Art includes.
*Dance
*Music
A. Filipino music genres * Theater
B. Manila sound * The visual arts
C. Pinoy reggae A. painting
B. sculpture
D. Pinoy rock C. printmaking
E. Pinoy pop D. photography
* Literature
F. Tagonggo * Film and Broadcast
G. Kapanirong * Architecture
* Design
H.Kulintang
I. Kundiman
J. Bisrock

10
Lesson Techniques and Performance
Practices Applied to Contemporary
3 Arts

What I Need to Know

Contemporary art is still regarded with a critical eye. The irony of modern art is that it uses
methods that most people are not yet used to, allowing the skepticism to come into play. Nevertheless,
these strategies are actually very complicated, and all of them deserve our praise. It is an amazing feat
to create a piece of contemporary art, particularly when using these techniques. They challenge the mind
and offer new insights that art has never been able to do before. For this reason, they are some ofthe
most valuable techniques a person can experience through artwork.

What’s New
Activity 1: Techniques Applied to Contemporary Art

Identify which techniques of contemporary art are referred to in the sentences below.
Choose your answer inside the box.

Minimalism Grafffiti Land Art Digital Art Mixed Art

1. Focuses on things like geometry, line, and color.

2. An art form that is created in nature, using natural materials
3. An artwork in which more than one medium or material has been employed.
4. An art usually uses objects found, but is not limited to these materials
5. An artwork that transforms a book from its original form into a different form, altering its appearance
and/or meaning.
6. Precise borders between areas of color. There's no shading or subtle transition.
7. An art technique used in the visual arts, where the artwork is created from the assemblage of various
objects, forming a new whole.
8. Used by mass media in advertisements and by filmmakers to create visual effects.
9. An artistic form or medium usually created on a defined substrate consisting of three-dimensional
elements projected out of or out of a substrate
10. A writing or painting that has been scribbled, scratched, or improperly painted on a wall or other
surface, frequently in public space

1
 What Is It
With any new age of art, there are new and special techniques that determine how the movement
progresses. For modern art, among several techniques, you will find techniques such as minimalism,
objects found and large-scale paintings. Of them brings its own unique insight to the creative world, and
each of them is respected as a preference for a technique that is most common in contemporary art.
The following are the different techniques and performance practices of
contemporary art.
A. Minimalism – a movement in various forms or art and design, especially
visual art and music, where the work is set out to expose the essence,
essentials or identity of a subject through eliminating all nonessential forms,
features or concepts. It is characterized by simplicity
Characteristics of a Minimalist Art
1. Repetition, or creating multiple images of the same shape, especially simple
geometric forms like lines and squares. Artists repeat shapes and produce
paintings composed of vertical color blocks.
2. Works are extremely simple, pared down to the fewest possible lines or
forms needed to paint the image.
3. Areas are smooth and finished, devoid of obvious brushstrokes or hint of the artist's hand.
4.Focuses on things like geometry, line, and color.
5. monochromatic, limited to one color and related hues (like black, grey, and white).
6. Precise borders between areas of color. There's no shading or subtle transition.
B. Graffiti
Graffiti is a writing or painting that has been scribbled, scratched, or improperly painted on a
wall or other surface, frequently in public space.
This ranges from plain written to intricate wall paintings.
Graffiti can convey underlying social and political messages, and a whole genre of artistic
expression is focused on spray paint graffiti styles. In modern times, spray paint and marker pens have
become commonly used graffiti materials, and there are many different types and styles of graffiti; it is a
rapidly developing art form.

The above pictures are an example of graffiti art. The style is famous of its use to depict strong political
opinions, it is popular amongst activists and aspiring and campaigners.
C. Land Art
Earth arts or earth art is an art movement in which landscape and works of art are inextricably
connected. It is also an art form that is created in nature, using natural materials such as dirt, rock (bed
stones, stones), organic media (logs, trees, leaves) and water with materials such as concrete, cement,
asphalt or mineral.

Great Salt Lake in Utah The Green Cathedral, Netherlands

Forest Guitar Argentina

2
D. Digital arts

Digital art is an artistic work or practice that uses digital technology as part of a creative or
presentational process. Since the 1960s, various terms have been used to characterize the process,
including computer art and multimedia. The influence of digital technology has changed activities such
as painting, drawing, sculpture, and music / sound art, while emerging forms such as net art, interactive
installation art and virtual reality have become well-known creative practices. More broadly, the term
digital artist is used to identify an artist who uses digital technology in the creation of art. In the wider
context, "digital art" is modern art that uses mass production techniques or digital media.
Digital art techniques are commonly used by mass media in advertisements and by filmmakers to create
visual effects. Digital publishing has had a major influence on the publishing world, but it has much to do
with graphic design. Several types of online knowledge and technologies are used by both visual and
traditional artists to produce their work. Look at the example below and observe how digital art works.

E. Mixed Media
Mixed media is an artwork in which more than one medium or material has been employed.
Assemblages and collages are two common examples of art using different media that will make use of
different materials including cloth, paper, wood and found objects.
Mixed media art, a visual art, is distinguished from multimedia art which combines visual art
with non-visual elements, such as recorded sound, literature, drama, dance, motion graphics, music,
or interactivity.
The first modern artwork to be considered mixed media is Pablo Picasso's 1912 collage Still Life
with Chair Caning, which used paper, cloth, paint and rope causing a pseudo-3D effect. Due to the
influence of movements like Cubism and Dada, mixed-media grew in popularity throughout the 20th
century with artists like Henri Matisse, Joseph Cornell, Jean Dubuffet, and Ellsworth Kelly adopting it.
This led to further innovations like installations in the late 20th century.[5] Mixed media continues to be a
popular form for artists, with different forms like wet media and markings being explored.

Types of Mixed Media Art

1. Found Objects
A found object is a natural or man-made object, or a part of an object, which is discovered (or
often bought) by an artist and held in place because of some of the artist's intrinsic interest in it. The
artist sees in it because of some intrinsic value.
Examples of found object:

Air dry clay with found object – architecture object assemblage wall art

3
2. Collage

Collage is an art technique used in the visual arts, where the artwork is created from the
assemblage of various objects, forming a new whole. It can also include magazines and newspaper
clippings, drawings, bits of colored or handmade paper, parts of other works of art or documents, photos
and other items found, stuck to a piece of paper or canvas.

Therefore, Collage defines both the process and the resulting work of art in which bits of paper, photos,
cloth and other ephemera are arranged and fixed to the supporting surface.
Below are the examples of Collage:

Figure 1
Figure 2

3. Decollage

Decollage means "Take off" or become unglued. To become unstuck. It is the opposite of collage;
instead of taking a picture of all or parts of existing pictures, it is created by cutting, processing or
otherwise eliminating sections of the original image.

A similar technique is the lacerated poster, a poster in which one has been placed over another or others,
and the top poster or posters have been ripped, revealing to a greater or lesser degree the poster or
posters below.

4
 4. Assemblage

Assemblage is an artistic form or medium usually created on a defined substrate consisting of

three-dimensional elements projected out of or out of a substrate. It's similar to collage, a two-
dimensional medium. This is part of the visual arts, which usually uses objects found, but is not limited
to these materials. This is a 3-dimensional collage variant with elements jotting in or out of a given
substrate, or a complete 3-D arrangement of objects and/or sculptures.

Figure 1 an example of assemblage architecture Figure 2 an example of assemblage sculpture Figure 3 an example of assemblage painting

Look at the picture above from figure 1 to figure 3, what have you observed? How does assemblage
differ from any other techniques?

5. Altered Book
Altered books is a form of mixed media artwork that transforms a book from its original form into
a different form, altering its appearance and/or meaning. An altered book artist takes a book (old, new,
recycled or multiple) and cuts, tears, glues, burns, folds, paints, adds, collages, rebinds, gold leaves,
creates pop-ups, rubber stamps, drills, bolts, and/or be-ribbons. The artist may add pockets and niches
to hold tags, rocks, ephemera, or other three-dimensional objects. Some change the shape of the book,
or use multiple books in the creation of the finished piece of art. Below are the examples.

5
 What’s More
Activity 2: Collage making

Using newspaper or magazine cut-outs, cloth, strings, or whatever available materials you
have to produce a collage, a decollage, or an assemblage.
Choose only one among the three techniques using the following rubric:

Creativity - 25 points
Design - 25 points
Time and effort - 15 points
Craftmanship - 35 points
Total - 100 points

What I Have Learned

Activity 3: Synthesizing

In this lesson I have learned

What I Can Do

Activity 4: Found Object Color Wheel

Using the objects found in your home, collect as many colored objects, then create a color wheel.
Let us try to see how many different objects in hues you can find at your home.

Rubric:

Creativity - 25 points
Design - 25 points
Time and effort - 25 points
Craftmanship - 25 points
Total - 100 points

Summary
Contemporary art is still regarded with a critical eye. It is an amazing feat to create a piece of
contemporary art. There are techniques applied to contemporary Art. These are the following:
Type of Mixed Media Arts
1. Minimalism a. found object
2. Graffiti b. collage
3.Land art c. decollage
4. Digital art d. assemblage
5. Mixed media e. altered book

6
Lesson
Local Materials used in Creating Art
4

What I Need to Know

The Philippines is rich in natural resources. Even in creating the arts, we can maximize the use
of natural resources. Arts express artistic feelings about any aspect of life. The Filipinos have proved to
be one of the most imaginative and colorful people in the world. The types of arts that are created in
different regions, each region has its own specialties or goods to take pride in.

Contemporary artists have found used bottles, hay, rice stalks, plastic straw and other recyclable
materials that are useful in the production of artworks. True artists see the beauty of nature as well as
the peeling of garlic and corn.

What’s New
Activity 1: Local Materials used in creating arts

Below are the pictures of the local materials. Identify their name and write it on the space provided.

Figure 1 _ Figure 2 _ Figure 3

Figure 4 Figure 5

1
 What Is It
Local materials used in the production of art are materials that are readily accessible to the
community. These are the things we can quickly find all around us. What is meant by the term "local"
and how can it be used as a source for contemporary art? Locals may refer to materials that are readily
available, such as bamboo. Local may also refer to wherever the artist finds himself or herself. Local
materials are the resources that can be found readily in large quantity at a particular location or area at
a certain time. It could also be referred to as materials that can be used to fabricate a finished element.

Local Materials used in creating art

1. Bamboo is the tallest perennial grass that belongs to the Graminae family.
Due to the long cylindrical woody stem strength and ease of operation,
bamboo is a versatile material for a variety of economic uses:
• handicraft and furniture
• farm implements
• fishpen,
• fishcages and other fishing gears
• banana props
• musical instruments; pulp and paper.
• house construction.
• young shoots of some species are edible.

The pictures above are an art craft made of bamboo

2. Buri - is extracted from the matured leaves of the buri palm. The fiber is durable and resistant to
moisture. The buntal fibers are then ready to be knotted 1-2 days after
application and made into artworks such as fans, bags, mats, placemats, hats
and many other household necessities.
The finished products from the buntal fibers are in demand in both local
and international market. The fruit of the buri tree is a cheap source of food and
a good source of starch. The following are example of an art craft made of Buri.

Figure 3 Buri pouch

Figure 1 Buri Gift Basket

Figure 2 Buri Hat

2
 3. Coir – (coconut fiber) Coconut fiber is a natural fiber
extracted from the outer coconut husk used in products such as
floor mats, door mats, brushes and mattresses. Coir is a fibrous
material found between the hard, inner shell and the outer
coconut coat. Other uses of brown coir (made from ripe coconut)
include padding, sacking and horticulture. White coir harvested
from unripe coconut. It has the advantage of not sinking, so can
be used in long lengths on deep water without the added weight
dragging down boats and buoys.

Figure 1 coir product Figure 2 coir procuct

The above pictures are a products of coconut coir

4. Nito - is a plant belonging to the fern family that grows abundantly in the
hinterlands of Mindanao in Southern Philippines. It is a vine growing as a
secondary forest cover clinging to trees and rocks. This climbing fern is
quite common in the Philippines at low and medium altitudes.
The following are some of the Nito products:

nito jewelry box Nito various products

5. Pandan - is a tropical plant. It is processed and transformed into

splints that are being used as raw material.

pandan products
pandan plant

3
6. Raffia- is a fiber extracted from unopened buri leaf in 3 stages. It is loom woven into fabrics
or used as wall coverings, upholstery material, folding doors, and window hangings.

sandal made of raffia raffia cloth

7. Rattan - belongs to the palm family. There are different types of rattan palms, such as high or low
climbers, single stemmed or clustered rattan species.

8. Tikiw - is a large, erect, and aquatic or marshy herb plant. It is found in central Luzon to Mindanao. It
abounds in fresh water swaps, and in newly opened rice land at low altitudes.

tikiw plant tikiw basket ube tikiw

4
9. Tikog - belongs to sea grasses. It is a native reed plant used as a raw material for mat weaving.

tikog mat

10. Abaca - Belongs to the banana family. Its fiber has a natural luster with colors ranging from pure
white to ivory brown. Initially used as material for rope, the abaca found its way inside Filipino homes as
a great material for furniture and decor. The versatility of abaca, or Manila hemp, makes it easy to work
with or create different designs with it. Furniture makers and designers choose this material for their
works because of its durability and availability.

abaca plant abaca fiber ribbons abaca fabric

11. Coconut shell the hard-outer part of a coconut. Coconut

shell powder is commonly used in the manufacture of
mosquito coils and incense sticks. It is also used in the
manufacture of plywood as a phenolic extruder and as a filler
in the manufacture of resin glue. This is of uniform
consistency and good resistance to water and fungal attacks.
This is of uniform consistency and good resistance to water
and fungal attacks. The coconut shell has uses, too, and
discovering ways to repurpose the coconut shells that you
leave behind will be an eco-friendly way to make a few items
around the house that will help you out.

Uses of coconut shell

1. Hanging plant holders are another option.

2. Bird feeder: Turn into a hanging bird feeder.
3. coconut shell basket
4. candle holder
5. bowl

coconut shell cup

coconut shell lamp
coconut shell ladle

5
 What’s More
Activity 2: Matching Column A with Column B

Match Column A with Column B.

A B

1. It is used in the manufacture of plywood A. Bamboo

as a phenolic extruder and as a filler in the
manufacture of resin glue

2. A large, erect, and aquatic or marshy herb plant. B. Coconut shell

It is found in central Luzon to Mindanao

3. It is processed and transformed into splints that C. Tikiw

are being used as raw material

4. It is used for musical instrument , pulp and paper. D. Nito

5. It is a vine growing as a secondary forest cover E. Pandan

clinging to trees and rocks

What I Have Learned

Activity 3: Putting the words together

Put these words together to form a sentence and expound it.

Art truth is that the

enables us to

the lie realize

6
 What I Can Do

Activity 4: My own art craft

Be resourceful and be creative make your own art craft using the available local materials
found in your home or in your community.

Rubric.

Creativity - 25 points
Design - 25 points
Time and effort - 15 points
Craftmanship - 35 points
Total - 100 points

Summary
Local materials used in the production of art are materials that are readily accessible to the
community. These are the things we can quickly find all around us. The following are the local
materials and its classification used in creating arts.

1. Bamboo is the tallest perennial grass that belongs to the Graminae family
2. Buri - is extracted from the matured leaves of the buri palm
3. Coir – (coconut fiber) Coconut fiber is a natural fiber extracted from the outer coconut husk used in
products such as floor mats, door mats, brushes and mattresses
4. Nito - is a plant belonging to the fern family that grows abundantly in the hinterlands of Mindanao in
Southern Philippines.
5. Raffia- is a fiber extracted from unopened buri leaf in 3 stages.
6. Pandan - is a tropical plant. It is processed and transformed into splints that are being used as raw
material
7. Tikog - belongs to sea grasses. It is a native reed plant used as a raw material for mat weaving
8. Tikiw - is a large, erect, and aquatic or marshy herb plant.
9. Abaca - Belongs to the banana family. Its fiber has a natural luster with colors ranging from pure
white to ivory brown.
10. Coconut shell the hard-outer part of a coconut. Coconut shell powder is commonly used in the
manufacture of mosquito coils and incense sticks.

7
 What I Know
Post Test

Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the best answer from among the given choices.

C. The oldest known warp ikat textile in Southeast Asia .

a. Banton cloth C. Meranaw Textile

B. Hablon D. Inabal

D. It is one of the most fascinating traditional arts in the Philippines.

C. sculpting C. weaving
D. carving D. folk performing

E. The finest basket design is found in .

B. Cordillera C. Palawan
B. Cebu D. Negros Island

F. A notable stone carving found at the facade of Miagao Church.

b. Carved limestone burial urn C. Stone grave marks with okir
G. The Limestone tombs of Kamhantik D. The Kabayan Mummy Burial Caves

H. It includes epics, poems, myths, and other oral literature by a variety of ethnic groups in the
Philippines.
c. Folk literature C. Folk performing
I. Folk writing D. Tattooing

6. The genre of an entire ensemble of musicians using a diverse array of traditional musical
instruments,

C. Kundiman C. Tagongo
D. Kulintang D. Kapanirong

7. The oldest known folk drawings and paintings in the country,

C. Calligraphs C. Petrographs
D. Basi Revolt paintings D. Manila Mural

8. First novel written by a Filipino

C. Maming C. Banaag at Sikat
B. Noli Me Tangere D. Ninay

9. An art technique used in the visual arts, where the artwork is created from the assemblage of
various objects, forming a new whole.
A. Collage C. Found Objects
B. Decollage D. Assemblage

10. These are the things we can quickly find all around us
A. Materials
B. Local Materials
C. Bamboo and Buri
D. Pandan and coconut shell
POST TEST
1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. A
6. B 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. B
Lesson 1
Activity 1 Activity 2
1. Visual Arts 1. Balangay 6. Marine Transport
2. Literature 2. Karakoa 7. Idjang
3. Music 3.Torogan 8. Lepa
4. Theater 4. Avang 9. Buggoh
5. Dance 5. Salsipan 10. Armadahan
6. Architecture
7. Film
Activity 3
1. Folk Performing Art 6. Stone carving
2. Blade Art 7. Cloth weaving
3. Hat making 8. Maritime Transport
4. Folk writing 9. Folk Architecture
5. Ivory carving 10. Cloth weaving
Lesson 2
Activity 1 Activity 2
1. D 6. L Teacher is given the opportunity
2. M 7. S to recreate / modify / redesign her / his own rubric
3. A 8. V
4. F 9. T
5. F 10. D
Activity 3 – Puzzle
Down Across
1. Petroglyphs 2. Sarimanok
3. Camera 6. Photography
4. Visual Arts 7. Rizal Shrine
5. Printmaking 8. Sculpture
10. Estampa 9. Nicepore
Lesson 3
Activity 1
1. Minimalism 6. Minimalism
2. Land Art 7. Mixed Art
3. Mixed Art 8. Digital Arts
4. Mixed Art 9. Mixed Arts
5. Mixed Art 10. Graffiti
Lesson 4
Activity 1
1. Pandan 2. Bamboo 3. Coconut shell 4. Abaca 5. Nito
Activity 2
1. B
2. C
3. E
4. A
5. D
Activity 3
Art is a lie that enable us to realize the truth
Key Answer
References

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ABOUT THE AUTHOR:

DARLENE D. DALIVA
Secondary School Teacher III
Senior High School Teacher

Macabalan National High School

Division of Cagayan de Oro City

Designated as Subject Coordinator –

Music Art Physical Education, Health
and Grade 12 LIS Coordinator

Teaching Contemporary Philippine Arts

from the Regions, Physical Education
and Health 11 and 12, Personal
Development, World Religion,
Organization and Management and ICT
Call Center - GAS
Para sa mga katanungan o puna, sumulat o tumawag sa:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]