TRIANGLES Rs (A) Main Concepts and Results ‘Triangles and their parts, Congruence of triangles, Congruence and correspondence of vertices, Criteria for Congruence of triangles: (i) SAS (ii) ASA (ii) SSS (iv) RHS AAS criterion for congruence of triangles as a particular case of ASA criterion. * Angles opposite to equal sides of a triangle are equal, * Sides opposite to equal angles of a triangle are equal, * A point equidistant from two given points lies on the perpendicular bisector of the line-segment joining the two points and its converse, * A point equidistant from two intersecting lines lies on the bisectors of the angles formed by the two lines, * Inatriangle (side opposite to the greater angle is longer Gi) angle opposite the longer side is greater ii) the sum of any two sides is greater than the third side. (B) Multiple Choice Questions Write the correct answer : Sample Question 1 : If A ABC = A PQR and A ABC is not congruent to A RPQ, then which of the following is not true: (A) BC=PQ (B) AC=PR (C) QR=BC (D) AB=PQ Solution : Answer (A)EXERCISE7.1 In each of the following, write the correct answer: 1, Which of the following is not a criterion for congruence of triangles? (A) SAS (B) ASA (C) SSA (D) sss 2, If AB = QR, BC = PR and CA= PQ, then (A) AABC=A PQR (B) ACB. APRQ (C) ABAC=ARPQ (D) APQR=A BCA 3. InA ABC, AB =AC and ZB = 50°. Then ZC is equal to (A) 40° io Cc (D) 130° 4. InAABC, BC =AB and ZB = 80°. Then ZA is equal to (A) 80° (B) 40° pee (D) 100° 5. In A PQR, ZR = ZP and QR = 4 cm and PR = 5 cm. Then the length of PQ is (A) 4em (B) Sem (© 2m (D) 25cm 7. Itis given that A ABC = AFDE and AB = 5 cm, 2B = 40° and ZA = 80°. Then which of the following is true? (A) DF=Sem, 2F=60° (B) DF =5em, ZB =60° (C) DE=Sem,ZE=60 (D) DE=Sem, 2D =40° 1 = . In triangles ABC and PQR, AB = AC, ZC = ZPand ZB = ZQ. The (»» triangles are (A) isosceles but not congruent (B)_ isosceles and congruent (C) congruent but not isosceles. (D) _neither congruent nor isosceles In triangles ABC and DEF, AB = FD and ZA = 2D. The two triangles will be congruent by SAS axiom if (A) BC=EF (B) AC=DE (C) AC=EF (D) BC=DE i‘TRIANGLES (C) Short Answer Questions with Reasoning Sample Question 1: In the two triangles ABC and DEF, AB = DE and AC = ER. Name two angles from the two triangles that must be equal so that the two triangles are congruent. Give reason for your answer. Solution: The required two angles are ZA and ZE. When ZA= ZE,A4 ABC =A EDF by SAS criterion, Sample Question 2: In triangles ABC and DEF, ZA = 2D, ZB = ZE and AB = EF. Will the two triangles be congruent? Give reasons for your answer. Solution: Two triangles need not be congruent, because AB and EF are not corresponding sides in the two triangles. EXERCISE7.2 1. In triangles ABC and PQR, ZA = 2Q and.ZB = ZR. Which side of A PQR should be equal to side AB of A ABC so that the two triangles are congruent? Give reason for your answer. 2. In triangles ABC and PQR, ZA-= ZQ and ZB = ZR. Which side of A PQR should be equal to side BC of A ABC so that the two triangles are congruent? Give reason for your answer. “If two sides and an angle of one triangle are equal to two sides and an angle of another triangle, then the two triangles must be congruent.” Is the statement true? Why? 4, “If two angles and.a'side of one triangle are equal to two angles and a side of another triangle, then the two triangles must be congruent.” Is the statement true? Why? 5. Is it possible to construct a triangle with lengths of its sides as 4 cm, 3 cm and 7 cm? Give reason for your answer. 6. Itis given that A ABC = A RPQ. Is it true to say that BC = QR? Why? 7. If A PQR =A EDK then is it true to say that PR = EF? Give reason for your answer. -(D) Short Answer Questions Sample Question 1 : In Fig 7.1, PQ = PR and 2Q = ZR. Prove that A PQS = A PRT. Solution : In A PQS and A PRT, PQ= PR Given) ZQ= £R Given) T and ZQPS = ARPT (Same angle) Therefore, APQS=APRT (ASA) Sample Question 2 : In Fig.7.2, two lines AB and CD intersect each other at the point O such that BC IIDA and BC = DA. Show that O is the mid- point of both the line-segments AB and CD. Solution : BC Il AD (Given) Therefore, ZCBO = ZDAO (Alternate interior angles) and ZBCO = ZADO (Alternate interior angles) Also, BC= DA (Given) So, ABOC= AAOD (ASA) Therefore, OB = OA and OC = OD, ie., O is the mid-point of both AB and CD. Fig. 7.1 Fig. 7.2|. Bisectors of the angles B and C of an isosceles EXERCISE 7.3 ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB = AC and A BD and CE are its two medians. Show that BD =CE. . In Fig.7.4, D and E are points on side BC of a A ABC such that BD = CE and AD = AE. Show that A ABD= A ACE. . CDE is an equilateral triangle formed on a side B c CD of a square ABCD (Fig.7.5). Show that Fig. 74 A ADE = ABCE. Fig. 7.5 z . In Fig.7.6, BA LAC, DE 1 DF such that BA = DE and BF = EC. Show that A ABC = A DEF. In Fig. 7.7, / ll mand M is the mid-point of a line A c segment AB, Show that M is also the mid-point of any line segment CD, having its end points on / and ‘m, respectively. triangle with AB = AC intersect each other at O. D B BO is produced to a point M. Prove that ZMOC = Fig. 7.7 ZABC.(E) Long Answer Questions Sample Question 1: In Fig. 7.9, ABC is a right triangle and right angled at B such that ZBCA = 2 ZBAC. Show that hypotenuse AC = 2 BC. Solution: Produce CB to a point D such that BC = BD x and join AD. In A ABC and A ABD, we have BC= BD (By construction) ¢ 7 AB= AB (Same side) ZABC = ZABD (Each of 90°) Therefore, © AABC= AABD (SAS) So, ZCAB = ZDAB | ay (CPCT) and AC= AD (2) Thus, ZCAD = ZCAB + ZBAD =x4 x= 2¢ [From (1)] 8) and ZACD = ZADB=2x [From (2), AC= AD] (4) ‘That is, AACD is an equilateral triangle. [From (3) and (4)] or AC= CD, ie, AC=2BC (Since BC = BD) Sample Question 2 : Prove that if in two triangles two angles and the included side of one triangle are equal to two angles and the included side of the other triangle, then the two triangles are congruent. Solution: See proof of Theorem 7.1 of Class IX Mathematics Textbook. Sample Question 3 : If the bisector of an angle of a triangle also bisects the opposite side, prove that the triangle is isosceles. Solution : We are given a point D on side BC of a A ABC such that ZBAD = ZCAD and BD = CD (see Fig. 7.10). We are to prove that AB = AC. Produce AD to a point E such that AD = DE and then join CE. Now, in A ABD and A ECD, we have E Fig. 7.10‘TRIANGLES and Therefore, So, and Also, Therefore, So, Therefore, BD= CD — Given) AD=ED _—_ (Byconstruction) ZADB = ZEDC (Vertically opposite angles) AABD = AECD (SAS) AB = EC ZBAD = ZCED ZBAD = ZCAD (Given) ZCAD = ZCED [From (2)] AC= EC [Sides opposite the equal angles] @) AB= AC [From (1) and (3)] qd) }rcren (2)