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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
8 views

PR2 Mod1 and 2

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

Uploaded by

Jaime Soriano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Jaime R.

Soriano
MANTRA FOR PR2: Unscramble it

more IQ I
can 100x is
important than
Likert Scale
STRENGTHS OF
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
STRENGTHS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Quantitative Research
allows you to reach a higher
sample size. This leads to an
easier way to reach an
accurate generalized
conclusion. The additional
data gives you greater
creditability because it has
more depth to review.
STRENGTHS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

You can collect more


information quickly when
using quantitative research.
Experiments, surveys and
interviews provide
immediate answers that
become useful from a data-
centered approach.
STRENGTHS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Quantitative Research
uses randomized samples
in collecting information.
This excludes bias from
appearing in most situations.
It provides an advantage in
the fact that the data can
then get the rest of the
demographic being studied.
STRENGTHS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Results duplication is
possible. Quantitative
research only focuses on the
actual data. The work validates
itself because the results
always points towards the
same data even though
randomized conditions exist.
STRENGTHS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Quantitative research
can focus on facts or a
series of information.
Researchers can use
quantitative approach to
focus on a specific fact
that they want to study in
a given population.
STRENGTHS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Quantitative approach
does not require direct
observation. Study can
be done without the need
of someone. This
advantage creates a better
response rate because
people have more time
and less pressure to
complete the work.
WEAKNESSES OF
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
WEAKNESSES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

This method does not


consider the meaning
behind social phenomenon.
It does not care about the
motives that people have when
sharing an opinion or making
decisions.
WEAKNESSES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Quantitative research
studies can be very
expensive. The money that
could be spent is a
significant barrier to
consider in conducting
quantitative research.
WEAKNESSES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

There is no access to specific


feedback in quantitative
research. The statistics that
researchers gather are useful for
generalization but could not
produce specific feedback
incidents that allows positive
refinement.
WEAKNESSES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Some efforts at
randomization will not
create usable information.
Quantitative approach doesn’t
look for the reason why
variables exist in specific
environments.
WEAKNESSES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Quantitative research
requires a large sample
that makes it difficult to
gather data and makes this
kind of research costly.
Two (2) Categories of Research Design

Numerical data
Based on opinions and experiences
Smaller sample
Based on numbers
Textual data
Two (2) Categories of Research Design

Interviews and focus group discussion


Surveys
Open-ended question
Mostly closed ended questions
Larger sample
Two (2) Categories of Research Design

Quantitative Research Qualitative Research


Numerical data Based on opinions and experiences
Larger sample Textual data
Based on numbers Interviews and FGD
Surveys Open-ended question
Mostly closed ended questions Smaller sample
KINDS OF
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH DESIGN
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

EXPERIMENTAL NON-EXPERIMENTAL

Pre-Experimental Descriptive

Correlational
True Experimental
Developmental
Quasi Experimental
Epidemiological
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
Experimental Research is a quantitative research dealing
with the object or subject of a research in an exact manner and
look into the extent of the effects or influence of the treatment
on the subject, then discovers the cause of such effect. There
are two groups involved in any experimental research; the
experimental group, the one in which the treatment is
applied and the control group, which does not receive any
treatment.
1. PRE-EXPERIMENTAL

A group or various groups


are kept under observation
after implementing factors
of cause and effect. This
research is done to
understand whether further
investigations are necessary
for particular groups.
2. TRUE EXPERIMENTAL
This type of research design relies on
statistical analysis to prove or disprove a
hypothesis, making it the most accurate
type of research. This type of research
can establish a cause-effect relationship
with-in a group. In a true experiment,
there are factors need to be considered:
1. There is a control group which won’t
be subjected to changes and an
experimental group which will
experience the changed variables
2. A variable that could be manipulated
by the researcher
3. Random Distribution
3. QUASI EXPERIMENTAL

The word “quasi” indicates


similarity. Quasi-experimental
design attempts to establish a
cause-and-effect relationship
by using criteria other than
randomization. Quasi-
research is used in field
settings where random
assignment is either irrelevant
or not required.
NON-EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
Non-Experimental Research Design is one of the broad
categories of research designs in which the researcher observes
the phenomena as they occur naturally, and no external
variables are introduced.

It is a research design in which variables are not deliberately


manipulated nor is the setting is controlled. Data is collected
without introducing changes and making treatments.
1. DESCRIPTIVE

The purpose of descriptive studies is to


observe, describe and document aspects
of a situation as it naturally occurs
and sometimes to serve as a starting
point for hypothesis generation or theory
development.
It is used in observing, documenting and
describing a phenomenon occurring in
natural setting without any
manipulation or control. It is designed to
gain more information about
characteristics within a particular field in
real world.
1. DESCRIPTIVE
Types of Descriptive Research Design
1. Univariant Descriptive Design- This design is used to describe the frequency of occurrence
of phenomenon. It does not necessarily focus on the on a single variable; there maybe one
or more variables involved in the study.
Ex: No. of public-school learners who struggle during “new normal”
2. Exploratory Design- This design is used to identify, explore and describe the existing
phenomenon and its related factors. It is not simply a description or the frequency of
phenomenon but its in depth exploration of its related factors to improve further
understanding of a phenomenon.
Ex: Causes of struggles among public-school learners during “new normal”
3. Comparative Design- This design involves comparing and contrasting two or more samples
of study subjects on one or more variables. It is used to compare two distinct groups in
terms of knowledge, perceptions, attitudes and physical of psychological symptoms.
Ex: Analysis and comparison of the struggles encountered by private and public-
school learners during “new normal”
2. CORRELATIONAL
In a correlational design, the researcher
examines the relationship between two or
more variables in a natural setting without
manipulation of the control. In other words,
it is a study conducted to determine the
relationship of two or more variables
without any intervention.
Types of Correlational Research
Design
1. Prospective Research Design- A design that
lets the researcher connect the present
to the future. It starts with the cause and
arrive with a presumed effects.
2. Retrospective Research Design- A design
where the researcher studies the current
situation by seeking facts and figures
from the past.
3. DEVELOPMENTAL
In a developmental research design, the
researcher examines the phenomenon with
reference to time. It is generally used as
aide research design with other designs.
Types of Developmental Research
Design
1. Cross-sectional Design- In this research
design, the researcher collects data at a
particular point of time (one period data
collection).
2. Longitudinal Design- Designed to collect
data over an extended period (long-
term study). Its value is in its ability to
demonstrate change over a period of
time.
4. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL
A study done to investigate the distribution and
causes of the disease in a population. Generally,
it is conducted to investigate causes of different
diseases in either prospective approach or
retrospective design.
Types of Epidemiological Research Design
1. Cohort Studies- In this design, a longitudinal
approach is used to investigate the
occurrence of a disease in existing presumed
causes.
2. Case-Control Studies- In this design, the cause
of the disease is investigated after the
occurrence of the disease.
***assumes fixed or exact amounts and have no values in
between whole exact numbers or in between fixed points in
a continuum
▪ the data can only be categorized
▪ Examples: City of birth, Gender, Ethnicity
Cellphone brands, Marital status
▪ the data can be categorized and ranked
▪ Examples: Top 5 Olympic medalists,
Language ability (e.g., beginner,
intermediate, fluent), Likert-type questions
▪ the data can be categorized, ranked, and
evenly spaced
▪ Examples: Test scores (e.g., IQ or exams),
Temperature in Fahrenheit or Celsius
▪ the data can be categorized, ranked, evenly
spaced, and has a natural/true zero.
▪ Examples: Height, Age, Weight
The impact of fluorescent, incandescent,
and natural lights to the growth rate of
tomatoes.

Identify the The outcome of diet and regular soda on


Independent blood sugar levels

and
Dependent How does phone use before bedtime affect
sleep?
Variables
How well do different plant species
tolerate salt water?
Jaime R. Soriano

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