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Class 9 Chapter 2

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88 views

Class 9 Chapter 2

science notes

Uploaded by

chughzenia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class- IX.

Chapter – 2
Is Matter Around Us Pure
Notes :
Define:
a)Concentration
The concentration of a solution is the amount of solute present in a given
amount (mass or volume ) of solution , or the amount of solute dissolved in a
given mass or volume of solvent .
Three methods of expressing the concentration of solution are:
1.Mass by mass percentage of a solution.
= mass of solute / mass of solution *100
2. Mass by volume percentage of a solution
= mass of solute / volume of solution *100
3.Volume by volume percentage of a solution
= volume of solute / volume of solution *100
b)Tyndall effect
The scattering of a beam of light by colloidal or suspended particles is called
tyndall effect.

Q. Give two points of differences between an element and a compound.


Element Compound

1. An element is made up of 1. A compound is obtained from

same kind of atoms. different kinds of atoms.

2. An element cannot be split by 2. A compound can be split into

physical or chemical methods. new substances by chemical

Ex: Carbon C , Nitrogen N etc. methods. Ex: Water H2O, Sodium

Chloride NaCl.

Q. Differentiate between homogeneous and heterogenous mixture ?


Homogeneous mixture Heterogenous mixture
1.Mixture in which the 1.Mixture in which the substance
substances are completely remain separated .
mixed together. 2.It has uniform 2.It has non-uniform composition .
composition . 3.It has visible boundaries of
3.It has no visible boundaries of separation between the various
separation between the various constituents.
constituents Ex :. sand and salt , sugar and salt .
Ex: Sugar in water , salt in water etc .

Q. How is Colloid (Sol) , solution and suspension different from one another ?
Colloid (Sol) Solution Suspension
1.It is a heterogeneous 1.It is a homogeneous 1.It is a heterogeneous
mixture (appears mixture . mixture .
homogeneous ).
2.Size of solute particles 2.Size of solute particles 2.Size of solute particles
is between 1nm-100nm is less than 1nm ,thus is more than 100nm ,
which is too small to be cannot be seen through thus can be seen
seen through naked naked eyes. through naked eyes.
eyes . 3.Particles of sol
can pass through filter 3.Particles of solution 3.Particles of suspension
paper. can pass through filter cannot pass through
4.It is quite stable (i.e paper. filter paper.
solute particles do not 4.It is stable. 4.It is unstable (i.e the
settle down when left particles settle down
undisturbed ). when left undisturbed ).
5.The particles scatter 5.The particles do not 5.The particles scatter
beam of light passing scatter beam of light so beam of light so the
through it and make its the path of light is not path of light is visible .
path visible . visible . Ex: Sand solution , oil and
Ex: Milk, blood etc. Ex: Sugar solution ,salt water etc.
solution etc

Q. Differentiate between mixtures and compounds ?

Mixture Compounds
1.Elements or compounds just mix 1.Elements react to form new
together to form a mixture and no compounds .
new compound is formed
2.A mixture has a variable 2.The composition of each new
composition . substance is always fixed .
3.The new substance has totally
3.A mixture shows the properties of different properties.
the constituent substance . 4.The constituents can be separated
4.The constituents can be by chemical or electrochemical
separated fairly easily by physical reactions.
activities . Ex: Water , salt etc
Ex: Air , sugar solution etc . .
Q. Is water an element or a compound? Give reason in support of your
statement

Water is a compound because of the following reasons:

• It is composed of two different elements, hydrogen and


oxygen which cannot be separated by physical methods. They
can be separated only by electrolysis.
• The physical and chemical properties of hydrogen and oxygen
are entirely different from the properties of water.

Q.A solution of urea in water contains 16 grams of it in 120 grams of


solution. Find out the mass percentage of the solution.
Solution:
Mass of urea present in solution = 16 g
Mass of solution = 120 g

Q. A solution has been prepared by mixing 5.6 mL of alcohol with 75 mL


of water. Calculate the percentage (by volume) of alcohol in the
solution.
Solution:
Volume of alcohol present in solution = 5.6 mL
Volume of water = 75 mL
Total volume of solution = (75 + 5.6) mL = 80.6 mL

Q. Calculate the mass of sodium sulphate required to prepare its 20%


(mass per cent) solution in 100 g of water.
Solution:
Let the mass of sodium sulphate required be x g.
The mass of solution would be = (x + 100)g

So, the mass of sodium sulphate required is 25 g.

Q. Calculate the mass of water and glucose required to make 250 g of


40% solution of glucose.
Solution:
Mass of solution = 250g

∴ Mass of glucose = 40×250100 = 100g


Mass of solution = Mass of glucose + Mass of water
So, Mass of water = Mass of solution – Mass of glucose
= 250g – 100g = 150g

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