AlexaYousif

Name: _______________________________________ Exercise 10: Mendelian Genetics (4th ed. Lab Book Online)

10.1

All the “parents” of our seedlings were heterozygous.

What was the genotype of the parents of our seedlings?

Gg
What was their phenotype?

10.2 green
What proportion of their pollen grains and ovules (therefore gametes) carried the albino allele?

5090
What proportion carried the green allele?

50
10.3 Record the total number of each seedling color. Green _____83________, Albino ______17__________.

10.4 Looking at the results from counting the phenotypes of the seedlings, what is the ratio of green seedlings to
albino ones? You can calculate this ratio by dividing the number of seedlings of each color by the number of
albino ones. For example, if there are 8 green seedlings and 2 albino seedlings is 8/2 or 4:1.

83
Tt 83 17
10.5 Fill in the Punnett square on your worksheet to illustrate the potential offspring of the cross, Gg X Gg. –
Place your “gametes” in the tan box.

G g
G GG Gg
g Gg gg

10.6 Based on your Punnett square, what proportion of the seedlings should we expect to exhibit the green
phenotype?

757 o
 What proportion of the seedlings should we expect to be albino?

25
10.7 Compare these predictions to the actual proportions of each phenotype that you counted earlier. Do the
observed proportion exactly match your predictions?

Not exactly
10.8
matched my predictions
Show the X2 formula with the data from your monohybrid cross (seedling color) entered.

O= E= 2
Phenotypes Observed Predicted % Expected # (O-E)
# (Total O x predicted %) E

32
Green 83 75 75 183
b 85
white
17 25 25
Sum of

100
2
Total
100 (O-E) =
E

10.9 Since there are two phenotypes in your analysis, c = 2. How many degrees of freedom do you have when c
= c2?

I
Looking at the chi-square probability table (Table 10-B) with this many degrees of freedom, what is the
chi-square cut-off value at p=0.05?

3.84
Is your value for chi-square greater or less than this value?

less
 Based on this chi-square value, should you reject or fail to reject your hypothesis that this corn cross
displays simple Mendelian inheritance?

10.10 Write the genotype for these heterozygous parents.

Ppss
10.11 What is the phenotype of these heterozygous kernels?

purple smooth kernels

10.12 What four phenotypes are present in these offspring?
1 Yellowsmooth 3 Purplesmooth
2 Yellowwrinkled 4 purplewrinkled
10.13 Remember, the parents are heterozygous for both corn kernel traits we are examining. When diploid germ
cells in one of the parents undergo meiosis, how many different chromosomal combinations are possible in
the gametes. (Remember, gametes are haploid)
Ppss
Pfp
List the genotypes that would be found in these gametes ps

10.14 Fill in the Punnett square to determine the proportions of offspring from the cross PpSs x PpSs

PS PS PS ps
PS PPSS Pss Ppss Ppss
Ps PPSS Pbs Ppss Pross
PS Ppss Ppss pp.gg ppss
Ps Ppss Pross ppss ppss

10.15. What phenotypic ratio did you get from this cross?

9116 purple smooth

3116 purple wrinkled 9 3 3
3 16 yellowsmooth
1 16 yellowwrinkeld
 Here is a set of data that a Bio 111 class counted last year. Use this to do your analysis this semester. Also,
be able to compare your data to the ratios predicted by Mendel’s crosses, divide each count by the number
of yellow wrinkled kernels (homozygous recessive for both traits).

Purple Smooth 232

Purple Wrinkled 88
Yellow Smooth 67
Yellow Wrinkled 34

10.16. Examine the data above and enter the results in the table below. To be able to compare your data to the
ratios predicted by Mendel’s crosses, divide each count by the number of yellow wrinkled kernels
(homozygous recessive for both traits).

Phenotype Purple Smooth Purple Wrinkled Yellow Smooth Yellow Wrinkled

Number
Ratio
232 88 67 34
232 34 6.82 88134 2.59 67 34 1.97 34 34 1
10.17 Do the results you obtained from your counts of kernel phenotypes exactly match your predicted values? If
your answer to this question is “No” are you entirely surprised? Explain why or why not.

Not really surprised bc the yellow wrinkled

had the least amounts the ratio should be
smaller than the others
10.18 Show the X2 formula with the data from your dihybrid cross (seed color and texture) entered – or fill-in the
table below. What is your value for X2?

E=
O= Expected 2
Predicted (O-E)
Phenotypes Observed #
% E
# (Total O x
predicted %)

9116

Pyrmpoloeth 232 56.25 236.81 IO

3116
purple
wrinkled 88 187 5 78.94 1.04
3116
Yellow 67 18.75 78.94 81
smooth
via
yellow 34 6.25 26.312.25
wrinkled
Total Sum of
2
(O-E) =
421 421 E

10.19 How many degrees of freedom do you have when c = 4?

3 of freedom
degrees
 Looking at the chi-square probability table (Table 10-B) with this many degrees of freedom, what is the
chi-square cut-off value at p=0.05?

7.82
Is your chi-square value greater or less than the cut-off value?

less than
Based on your value, should you reject or fail to reject your hypothesis that this corn cross displays
simple Mendelian inheritance?

fall to reject
10.20 Complete the genetics problem set below.

DECONSTRUCTING GENETICS PROBLEMS

In watermelons, the alleles for solid green color and for short shape are dominant to the alleles for striped color and
long shape. A plant that is heterozygous for green color and homozygous short is crossed with a plant that is
homozygous striped and heterozygous short. What proportion of their offspring will be striped and short?

(1) Designate alleles: At the color gene, G =solid

______ and g = _____________
striped
At the shape gene, S = ______________
snort and s = ______
long
Ggssrggss
(2) Assign genotypes of parents in the cross:

Ggss
Heterozygous green/homozygous short = _____________________

Homozygous striped/heterozygous short = _____________________

G9ss.Ggss.ggss.ggs ggs GS.GS.gs.gs
(3) List possible gametes for each parent:

Heterozygous green/homozygous short__________________________________________

Homozygous striped/heterozygous short__________________________________________

GS.GS.gs.gs

(4) Use the gametes determined from (3) to build a Punnet square

(5) What proportion of the offspring will be striped and short?

316
In tomatoes, the alleles for tall plants and for hairy stems are dominant to the alleles for dwarf plants and hairless stems.
A heterozygous tall and hairy plant is crossed with a dwarf hairless plant. What proportion of the offspring will be tall
and hairless?

(1) Designate alleles: Tall

At the tallness gene, = T ____________ dwarf
and = t __________________

At the hair gene, H = ________________ and h = hairless

______
Hairy
(2) Assign genotypes of parents in the cross:

Tt Hh
Heterozygous tall and hairy = ___________

tthh
Dwarf and hairless = ___________________

(3) List possible gametes for each parent:

TH TH
Heterozygous tall and hairy = ______

th th
Dwarf and hairless = _______________________

(4) Use the gametes determined from (3) to build a Punnet square

(5) What proportion of the offspring will be tall and hairless?