The

2
Comparing information TASK 2 Using it/they/this/these
Using adverbs in compa Planning essays
Comparing and contrastin veloping ideas

TASK 1 Comparing information

Ballpoint pen,
1The pictures and text show some inventions and who invented them.
Laszlo Biro
Answer the questions.
a Which is the oldest invention?
b Which is the most recent invention?
c Which do you think are the most and least important inventions?
What other important historical inventions are not included here?
What do you think are the three most effective inventions in
recent years?

2 The chart shows the results of a survey about the most important
inventions in the last 300 years. Answer the questions.
Most important inventions in the last 300 years

Male h
Female

Tin can patented

by Peter Durand

Safety pin, Walter Hunt

Bicycle Car Tablet Mobile Radio Internet TV

phone

a What is the most noticeable thing

about the chart? Technique
First mercury
b What voting patterns can you see for Circle and number
thermometer,
Gabriel females? important data on the chart
Fahrenheit c What voting patterns can you see for that you are going to write
males? about. Group data that you
Do you agree with the survey results? want to write about together
or compare (e.g. by labelling
Why/Why not?
them 2a, 2b, 2c).

14 Paper money in China

 The Importance of the past
3 Complete sentences a—j about the chart in exercise 2 on page 14, using Technique
the structures in the Technique box.
Use a range of structures to make
a More females males chose the bicycle. comparisons. Read these examples
that clia•nribe the chart in exercise 2.
b The bicycle was more than any other invention.
Examples
c The car was popular among females than males. More males than females chose
the TV. (mom + noun + than)
invention among both sexes was the TV.
Fewer females than males chose
women than men voted for the mobile phone. the TV. (fewer + noun + than)
The TV was more popular among
invention among both sexes was the bicycle. males than females. (more/less +
males than females picked the radio. adjective + than)
The most popular form of
The tablet was for women than for men. communication was the Internet.
i More people selected the bicycle any other (the most/least + adjective)
invention.
The TV was popular than any other invention.

4 Rewrite the sentences in exercise 3 using the following words: (a) fewer males (b) the
most (c) more popular (d) less popular (e) fewer (f) more ... than (g) more (h) more (i) the most
(j) the least
Example
a Fewer males than females chose the bicycle.

5 Compare male and female attitudes to bicycles, cars, tablets,

mobile phones and the Internet Technique
Examples Compare information by using as many ... as
Almost as many females as males chose the tablet. when numbers are very close, or by using not as
many ... as. Read the examples in exercise 5.
Not as many males as females chose the radio.

6 Make comparative sentences based on notes a—g below and the chart in exercise 2.
Use the passive or active form of the verb in italics.
Examples
females/males/select/the bicycle More females than males selected the bicycle.
males/females/select/the bicycle Fewer males than females selected the bicycle.
the bicycle/choose/females/males The bicycle was chosen by more females than males.
a males/females/choose/the car

b women/men/select/the mobile phone

c the Internet/choose/males/females

females/males/pick/the radio

e males/females/pick/the radio

f the tablet/choose/females/males

g the bicycle/select/males/females

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 Unit 2

• Using adverbs in comparisons

• 1 Read the examples. Then underline the adverbs in sentences a-i.

a Slightly more women than men voted for the bicycle.
b In the past, considerably more people lived in the countryside than towns.
c Many more people can use a computer today than thirty years ago.
Substantially less time is now spent doing housework than before.
Technique
Add adverbs to
comparisons, such as
There are significantly fewer people now working in manufacturing than significantly (more) or
almost (as many) to make
in the past.
them more precise.
Sports programmes are watched by practically as many people now as in
previous years.
Significantly more
The exhibition about cinema attracted far fewer visitors than expected..
people voted for the
Illiteracy is much less common than in previous generations.
bicycle than the other
i Nearly as many children as adults watch programmes about ancient inventions.
history. The bicycle was
chosen by almost
2 Which adverbs in exercise 1 mean: as many males as
a almost? b a lot? c just a few? females.

3 Add suitable adverbs to the sentences you wrote in exercise 6 on page 15.

Comparing and contrasting

1What kinds of clubs do people join? Do you belong to any clubs?

2 What kinds of clubs are shown in the photos below?

3 Find the clubs that you named in Membership of various clubs

exercise 1 on the chart opposite. 70
Answer the following about the S 20-30 al 45-65
60
bar chart.
a What does the bar chart 50
provide information about? 40 mn•UN
b What could the numbers on the
left relate to? 30 Non NU
c What do you think the words
20 ro n EN
along the bottom of the chart
relate to? 10 immIN
What do the numbers in the box
in the top left of the chart refer 0 I _ iii_m__•_•
oc,&
to?
Is there a time reference for the
00
er ce
e
•c
graph? Psc've.
V^<°

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 The importance of the past
4 Make at least three questions about the data Then ask your questions to a partner.
Example
Which club or society has the most people aged 20-30?
5 Match sentence beginnings 1-6 with endings a-f to form correct sentences about the chart.
1 The arts and crafts club has the greatest number of 20-30 year-olds,
2 Only 25 people from the younger age group are members of the historical club,
3 Some dubs are clearly more popular with one of the age groups,
4 The fitness and social dubs have slightly more members in the younger age group,
5 In general, the 20-30 year-olds are more actively involved in clubs
6 The fitness and social clubs attract a broader range of people
a whereas the archaeological dub is equally popular with both.
b in comparison with the historical club.
c but it is one of the least popular clubs with the older age group.
compared with the older age bracket.
while the figure for 45-65 year-olds is about 50.
although they are fairly popular with both age groups.
6 In which of the sentences in exercise 5 could the ending a-f come first? Which connecting
words in italics are followed by a noun phrase only?

7 Read the following description of the chart you looked at in exercise 3. In 1-6, two options are
possible and one is incorrect. Delete the incorrect option.

The chart provides information about how two age groups participate in several dubs at a centre for adults
We can see from the data that The archaeological, fitness and social clubs are popular with both older and
Younger peopled Whilea-loweveritly contrast, the historicaLanol arts and crafts societies cleat/ appeal
more to one of the ati. groups In_the historical society,50 of the members are between 45 and 65,
2 but/while/howeverthereare only 25 from the younger age group. For the arts and crafts society the
pattern is reversed.
There are about 60 members aged between 20 and 50,3 but/whereas in comparison with the number
of people in the 45 to 65 age group is 4 rtstifribtly/considerabylower
The fitness and social clubs are popular with both *up. 5 however/but/alto* there are slightly
fewer older people. Membership of the archaeological society stands at 45_for both groups
In general, the yo age group are 6 sg,nificantly/almostlnoliceabyrnore involved in the various
societies than the 45-65 year-olds.

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