UNIT-I

FOURIER SERIES

1. State the Periodic functions with suitable examples

Solution:
A function f(x) is said to periodic with period p if f(x+p) =f(x)
Eg: sinx and cosx are periodic fuctions with period 2
2.
State Dirichlet’s conditions for a given function to expand in Fourier series.
Solution:
Any function f(x) can be developed as a Fourier series + cos nx +

sin nx, where , , are constants, provided

i) f(x) is Periodic , single valued and finite
ii) f(x) has a finite number of finite discontinuities
iii) f(x) has at the most a finite number of maxima and minima

3. Find the half-range sine series for f(x) =k in (0, )

Solution:
The sine series of f(x) in (0, ) is f(x) = sinnx

Where sinnx dx

= k

= k

=
 f(x) = sin nx
4. State whether y=tan x can be expanded as a Fourier series.
Solution:
tan x cannot be expanded as a Fourier series. Since tanx does not satisfy
Dirichlet’s conditions [tan x has infinite number of infinite discontinuities].

5.
Find the sum of the Fourier series for f(x) = at x=1

Solution:
x =1 is a point of discontinuity

Sum = = =

6. Find the constant term in the Fourier series corresponding to f(x) =cos2x in
 , .
Solution:
We know f(x) = + cosnx + sinnx

ao = x dx

= x dx

= dx

= [ ] =1

Constant term =
 7. Find the Fourier constant a0 , an for f(x) =x+x3 in  , 
Solution:
Let f(x) = x+x3
f(-x) = ( -x)+(-x)3
= -x - x3 = -f(x)
Therefore f(x) is an odd function. Hence a0 and an are zero
 2x
8. 1 ,  x  0

In the Fourier expansion of f x    , find the value of bn ,
1  2 x
,0  x 



the co-efficient of sinnx.

Solution:
Let (x) = 1 + , (x) = 1 -

(-x) = 1 - = (x)
Therefore f(x) is an even function. Hence bn = 0.

9. If f ( x)  x2  x is expressed as a Fourier series in the interval (-2, 2), to

which value this series converges at x=2.
Solution:

At x =2 the value = = =4

10. Obtain bn in the expansion of f(x) =x2 in  , .

Solution:
It is clear that x2 is an even function. Hence bn = 0

11. Find bn for f(x) = x sinx in  , .

 Solution:
It is clear that x sin x is an even function. Hence bn = 0

12. Find the Fourier constant an for f(x) = x3 in  , .

Solution:
It is clear that x3is an an odd function. Hence an = 0

13. Find the half-range sine series for f(x) =2 in (0, )

Solution:
The sine series of f(x) in (0, ) is f(x) = sin nx

sinnx dx

f(x) = sinnx

14. The Fourier Half range cosine series for x sinx in 0,  is given by
1 
(1)n  1 1 1 
x sin x  1  cos x  2 2 cos nx, prove that 1  2     ......    
2 n2 n  1  1.3 3.5 5.7  2.

Solution:

Put x = in =1- cosnx

= 1- cosn

= 1- - + -……….)
 = 1+ - +……….)

15. Find the half range sine series for f(x) =x, 0<x<2.
Solution:
Let the required Fourier series be f(x) = sin

sin dx

= , f(x) = sin

What is mean by Harmonic Analysis?

16.

Solution:
The process of finding the Fourier series of a function f(x) which is not
given by a formula but by a table or a graph of corresponding values.
17. State Parseval’s theorem on Fourier series.
Solution:
Let f(x) be a function defined in (a, b).

Then = + )

18. If f(x) =x in (0, l) find the root mean square value of f(x).
Solution:
 R.M.S = Here a =0, b = l

= =

= =

19. Define Root Mean Square value (RMS) of the function f(x) in a<x<b
Solution:

Let f(x) be a function defined in an interval (a, b ) then is called

the root mean square (or) effective value of f(x) and is denoted by .

Hence = dx.

20. If f(x) is an odd function defined in (-l, l) what are the values of a0, an?
Solution:
a0 = 0, an = 0.

21. 0 ;0  x 
If the Fourier series for the function, f  x    is
sin x ;  x  2
1 2  cos 2 x cos 4 x cos 6 x  1
f ( x)        ........   sin x Deduce that
 1.3 3.5 5.7  2 .
1 1 1 2
   ......   
1.3 3.5 5.7 4
Solution:
Putting x = we get
 f = +

0 = +

+…. =

22. Find the Fourier constant a2 for f(x) = 2x in (0,4)

Solution:
Here 2l= 4; l =2
We know that

an =

an =

a2 =

= =

= = 0.

23. Write Parseval’s theorem for the sine series expansion of f(x) in  , 
Solution:
= )
24. Find the Fourier constants an for f(x) = in  , .
Solution:
an =

an =

25. 1
Determine bn in the Fourier series expansion of f ( x)  (  x) in 0<x<2
2
with period 2 .
Solution:
We know that

bn =

=
 UNIT – II
APPLICATIONS OF PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

1. Classify the p.d.e. x2uxx + 2xyuxy + (1 + y2) uyy – 2ux = 0

Solution: A = X2, B = 2XY, C = 1 + y2
∆ = B2 – 4AC = -4x2 < 0
Therefore p.d.e is elliptic.
2. Classify uxx = uyy
Solution: A = 1, B = 0, C = -1
∆ = B2 – 4AC = > 0
Therefore p.d.e. is hyperbolic
3. Classify 4uxx + 4 uxy + uyy -6ux-8uy-16u = 0
Solution: A =4, B = 4, C = 1
∆=0
Therefore p.d.e. is parabolic

4. In wave equation , what is the physical meaning for C2 and what

is the agent for vibration?

Solution:

Tension is the agent for vibration.

5. Write the one dimensional heat equation.
Solution:

6. State any two solutions of the Laplace equation by method of variable seprable.
Solution:
 y = (Aepx + Be-px) (Cepat + De-pat)
y = (A cospx + B sinpx) (C cos pat + D sin pat)
y = (Ax + B) (Ct + D)
7. Write the boundary conditions and initial conditions for solving the vibration of
string equation, if the the string is subjected to the initial displacement and initial
velocity g (x)

Solution: (i) y(0, t) = 0

(ii) y(l, t) = 0

(iii) y (x, 0) =0

(iv)

8. What are the assumptions required for deriving one dimensional wave
equation?
Solution:
(i) The motion take place entirely in xyplane
(ii) The tension is constant at all times and at all points.
(iii) The string is perfectly elastic
(iv) Gravitational force can b neglected