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Renewable Energy System

DELHI TECHNOLOGIAL UNIVERSITY

NAME : NARENDER KUMAR

ROLL NO : 2K21/CEEE/30

SUBJECT : RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM

SUBJECT CODE : CEE-302

YEAR/SEM : III/VI

DEPARTMENT : ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

ASSIGNMENT NO. : 02

NAME OF ASSIGNMENT: BESS(BATTERY ENERGY STORAGESYSTEM)

Presented By : Narender Kumar 2K21/CEEE/30

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Table of Contents
1. Introduction ............................................................................... 3
2. Battery energy storage system review.......................................... 3
2.1. Basics of Energy Storage ....................................................... 3
2.2. Storage for energy Integration ................................................. 3
2.3. Battery Basics ........................................................................ 4
2.4. Application of Stored Energy .................................................. 4
2.5. Battery energy storage system (BESS) and solar power
integration………. ............................................................................ 5
3. Charger controller ......................................................................... 5
4. Solar cell and its application ......................................................... 6
5. Battery energy storage system (BESS) in PV System ................. 7
6. Conclusion .................................................................................. 12
7. Reference................................................................................... 13

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1. Introduction:-

Among all renewable energy resources, energy harvesting from

the solar photovoltaic system is the most essential and suitable way. The
major challenge now a days is to store the excess energy ,when the demand is
low, and reuse this energy later or when needed. This energy can be stored in
a Storage unit called ‘Battery’ . Power from grid connected solar PV units is
generated in the form of few KW to several MW. Grid connected solar PV
dramatically changes the load profile of an electric utility customer . The
widespread adoption of solar power generation possesses significant
challenges both in transient and steady state operation. This application is
Valuable for both voltage and frequency regulation and serving also as a
backup supply during system faults or unavailability of renewable energy.

2. Battery energy storage system review:-

2.1. Basics of Energy Storage:-

The one-line diagram of a Battery Energy Storage System

(BESS) is represented as follows. The BESS is connected to grid via circuit
Breaker (CB) . A step-down transformer is connected to reduces the voltage to
the required level of voltage for the PCS (power Conversion System) . The four-
quadrant power conversion between the ac and dc system can be provided by
the power conversion system (PCS). The status of the battery can be monitored
by the BMS (Battery Management System) which is included by the protection
and control of the battery.

2.2. Storage for energy Integration:-

Electrical energy in an ac system cannot be stored directly. Energy can

be stored by converting the ac into dc and storing it electromagnetically,
electrochemically, kinetically, or as potential energy. Energy storage
technology usually includes a power conversion unit for conversion of energy.
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Energy storage depends upon two factors i.e.

i) Amount of energy that can be stored in the device.
ii) ii) The rate at which energy can be transferred into or out of the
storage device. The rating for energy is normally expressed in
watt-hours (Wh).

2.3. Battery Basics:-

Higher cycling capabilities, increased in densities of energy storage, greater

reliability and minimum value can be can be found from the advancement in
Battery technology. BESS have emerged as one of the more promising
technologies in the field of power application, by offering a wide range of power
system application i.e. optimum shaving, spinning reserve and regulation of
frequency. The unit of battery energy is Ampere-Hours (Ah).

2.4. Application of Stored Energy:-

Design and decision of choosing the right battery for power to energy
ratio is an important aspect for utility application. The power to the energy ratio
of various batteries is an important aspect in the design and decision of choosing
the right battery for utility application. Batteries which have a more power than
ratings of energy or vice versa can be used for either power application or energy
storage. By using wrong technology of battery results in an overall system
damage and affecting the cost of the system.

Different types of requirements in storage system include:

 Ancillary works- It includes frequency regulation, operational reserve
 Optimum shaving
 Islanding
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 Different Renewables Integration- Managing wind solar variability , Ramp
rate control.
 Optimum shift, large energy capacity
 Part of a Microgrid
 Long duration constraints- energy application
 Short duration constraints - Stability, Power application

2.5. Battery energy storage system (BESS) and solar power

integration:-

A major goal of BESS is to achieve dispatchability, such that the combined

renewable energy and battery system appears to the grid like other conventional
controllable resource.

3. Charger controller:-

The main use of charge controller is to protect the battery and to clarify that
battery has a long working life without disturbing the system efficiency.
Overcharging is not allowed in battery. The main function of charge controller
is to ensure that the battery is not overcharged.

Major Roles of Battery Storage System

 Load leveling

 Mitigation of fluctuation caused by renewable energy

 Enhancement of power quality

 Emergency power supply

 Voltage control in distributed network

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4. Solar cell and its application:-

Solar photovoltaic energy is the most power energy which is mostly used in

standalone system, plentily available and environment friendly. Photovoltaic

cells which are made from solar panels are connected in para11e1 and series.

Photovoltaic cells convert the solar energy in DC electric energy. ln all stand-

alone hybrid systems battery technology plays a significant role.

SIMULATION RESULT OF SOLAR CELL INTEGRATION:-

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RESULT:-

5. Battery energy storage system (BESS) in PV System:-

Distribution generation (DG) system which is integrated into the
renewable energy into the grid involves interfacing through power electronic
converters and energy storage device. Both utility scale and in small scale
application require Energy storage systems.

SIMULATION RES ULT OF DC-DC CON VERTER WITH PID

CONTROLLER:-

Switching mode DC-DC converters are of 3 types. i.e. Buck converter, Boost
converter, Buck-Boost converter. The output voltage can be reduced by the Buck
converter. The output voltage can be increased by the Boost converter. In Buck-
Boost mode, the voltage is balanced but in opposite polarity. Here we use BUCK
Converter.

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CONVERTER WITH PID CONTROLLER SIMULATION:-

RESULT:-

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MODELLING OF BUCK- BOOST CONVERTER:-

RESULT-1:-

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RESULT-2 (DURING STEADY STATE CONDITION):-

OPERATION OF INTERATED CIRCUIT:-

The system can be divided in three main parts which are to be considered;
these are the PV panels, the power electronics and the control system. The PV
panels are the point of power input and the main emphasis will be on how to
extract the maximum power from the panels at any time through power
conditioning by the power electronics stage. This stage includes the DC-DC
converter, the DC link and the inverter. The De-De converter is responsible
for Maximum Power Point Tracking, while the inverter is keeping the DC link
voltage on a constant level. The DC link is decoupling each of the converter
stages and its purpose is to act as an energy storage element and filter. To
obtain a stable system operation the voltage in the system needs to be
monitored and controlled. This is accomplished by implementing a control
system through digital signal processing.

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MODELLING OF INTEGRATED CIRCUIT:-

RESULT:-

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6. Conclusion:-

Due to the modernization being made in battery chemistry i.e.

installation, design and integration services on to the grid so the opportunities
for battery seems to be higher. The main objective of this paper is operation and
control of battery energy storage system, improving system stability, reliability,
economy and system overall efficiency. The main motivation of this paper is to
design the control and operation strategies of BESS to mitigate the negative
impacts of PV integration. The main things to do in this paper is to modelling
battery, power factor correction, Ac synchronization and inverter designing.
Due to continuous increase of renewable resources and the installation of grid,
energy storage system has potential to help the next generation smart grid.

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7. Reference:-

(1) Cody A. Hill, Matthew Clayton Such, Dongmei Chen, Juan Gonzalez, W. Mack Grady “Battery
Energy Storage for Enabling Integration of Distributed Solar Power Generation” IEEE
transactions on smart grid, vol. 3, no. 2, June 2012.
(2) Nicholas Miller, Devon Manz , Him Roedel , Paul Marken , Erik Kronbeck ,IEEE member “
Utility Scale Battery Energy Storage Systems” .

(3) R. Yokoyama, Y. Hida, K. Koyanagi, K. Iba, Student member IEEE ,“The Role of Battery
Systems and Expandable Distribution Networks for Smarter Grid” .

(4) Cody Hill, Dongmei Chen Member, “Development of a Real- Time Testing Environment for
Battery Energy Storage Systems in Renewable Energy Applications” .

(5) M.Z. Daud A. Mohamed , M.Z Che Wanik , M.A. Hannan, “Performance Evaluation of Grid-
Connected Photovoltaic System with Battery Energy Storage” 2012 IEEE International
Conference on Power and Energy (PECon).

(6) Matthew T. Lawder, Bharatkumar Suthar, Pau1 W. C. Northrop, Sumitava De, C. Michael Hoff,
Olivia Leitermann, Member IEEE, Mariesa L.
(7) Crow, Fellow IEEE, Shriram Santhanagopalan, and Venkat R. Subramanian “Battery Energy
Storage System (BESS) and Battery Management System (BMS) for Grid-Scale Applications”
Proceedings of the IEEE Vol. 102, No. 6, June 2014.

(8) Apama Pachori and Payal Suhane “Modeling and Simulation of

Photovoltaic/Wind/Diesel/Battery Hybrid Power Generation System” International journal of
Electronics, Electrical and Computer Engineering.

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