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Filipino Architecture Influences

filipino architecture

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16 views9 pages

Filipino Architecture Influences

filipino architecture

Uploaded by

macjohlan saldana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE

INFLUENCES

HISTORY
PRE-COLONIAL: •Immigration via land-bridges as early as 250,000 years ago,
and later, sea-vessels •Immigrants of Malay origin, food gatherers and
hunters •3000 BC. joined by advanced agricultural race from Indonesia, with
barangays as tribal system •laws on marriage, inheritance, ownership, crime,
and behavior •elaborate animistic religion •Indians in 4th and 5th century BC
• Chinese in 3rd and 4th century AD • Arabs - converted some parts to Islam
in 1300 AD •Trade center of the Orient - Sulu was frequented by ships from
China, Cambodia, Sumatra, Java, India, Arabia.

SPANISH RULE:
•1521 Ferdinand Magellan landed
• 1564 Miguel Lopez de Legazpi brought Christianity
•Systematically and efficiently Christianized most part of the country
• Introduced European institution and thought
• Economically linked Manila with Mexico and the rest of the world - via the
Spanish Galleon Trade
• Brief occupation by the British forces (1762-1764): attempted seizure by
Dutch and Chinese
• Spanish colony until 1900's •Nationalist movement by Jose Rizal,
unsuccessful revolt by Aguinaldo

AMERICAN RULE:
•Islands were sold or ceded to America, as a result of Spanish war with USA
•Continued fighting
•Democracy was introduced allowed a self-government called the
Commonwealth Era JAPANESE INVASION:
•December 1941 •Established a puppet government
•Liberation when Gen. McArthur returned in July 1945
•Independence in 1946
•3rd largest English-speaking country in the world
•Citadel of Christianity and democracy in East Asia • Mixture of races: Malay,
Chinese, Spanish, American

RELIGION:
•Islam
•Roman Catholicism
• Protestantism, Aglipayan, Iglesia ni Kristo

GEOGRAPHY & GEOLOGY:


•Archipelago of 7100 islands mountainous and fragmented
•3 main island groups: Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao
•Southeast Asia, Pacific Ocean - strategic position - in the path of Far East
trade major earthquake and volcanic belt
•Iin the path of typhoons from the Pacific

CLIMATE:

•Dry and wet season


•Typhoons and tropical storms

ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER DESCRIPTION

BUILDING CAPABILITIES:
- Even with ties to nearby countries, our ancestors saw no need for large
megalithic structures, etc
- Nevertheless showed engineering capability and prowess with the Rice
Terraces of Northern Luzon

SETTLEMENTS:
- big villages along key trade centers
- near the sea-shore, beside rivers and streams
- for purposes of travel, communication and sanitation

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE:
- shaped by the climate, terrain, vegetation, and fauna around it
- two elements in making a house: 1) tradition or following the generally
accepted form and structural patterns; and 2) chance or "playing it by ear",
allowing minor modifications for the builder and his family
•Tropical architecture
• Light
• Open and transparent

EXAMPLES:
CAVE DWELLINGS
•earliest human habitation
•Tabon Cave, Palawan had been inhabited for 30,000 years
•caves in Angono, Rizal with ancient petroglyphs TREE HOUSES
•perched on forked branches of trees, up to 60 feet above the ground
• prevented attack by animals and human enemies by the Gaddang and
Kalinga of Luzon
•Manobo and Mandaya of Mindanao

•Moros of Lake Lanao

LEAN-TOS
•winbreaks or windscreens as the first attempt at building
•served as shelters during a hunting or food-gathering journey made of light
branches and fronds, but strong enough to withstand a storm
• Negritos of Zambales
• Agtas of Palanan, Isabela

BAHAY KUBO or NIPA HUT


• "balai" and spanish "cubo" or cube-cube-shaped house, from its boxy
appearance
• primitive style of dwelling probably started around 200 BC, with the
coming of iron tools
• well- adapted to tropical climate of wood, rattan, cane, bamboo, palm
leaves, cogon and nipa
• Elevated one to five feet from the ground-silong
• protection from the moist ground and flood
• protection from vermin and other animals
• enclosed area as sleeping quarters
• silong used for storage for tools and crops, an animal enclosures, or burial
ground
• usually with steep thatch roof
• varies across regional and ethnic lines
CORDILLERA REGION

SPANISH HOUSES:
BAHAY-NA-BATO Evolved from the Bahay Kubo: a tropical house
• Steep, hip roof
• Post and lintel construction
• Elevated living quarters
• Economy of materials
• Space flowing from one room to next
• Light and airy structure Spanish, Neo-Classical, Gothic, and Baroque
influence:
• grandeur and solidity
• Omamentation Vigan Houses, Antillan Houses, Ivatan Houses

FIRST FLOOR:
• Zaguan, for caroza
• Quadra, horse stable
•Bodega, storeroom

SECOND FLOOR:
• Stairway • Caida, ante-sala from stairs
• Sala, living room
•Comedor, dining room
• Cocina, kitchen
• Dispensa, pantry
• Letrina or Comun, toilet
• Baño, bath
• Azotea, open terrace
• Aljibe, water cistern
• Cuarto, Alcoba, Dormitorio
• Entresuelo, vault
• Balcon, balcony
• Patio, courtyard

SPANISH CHURCHES
•Calasiao, Pangasinan
• 2nd best bell tower by Fr. Ramon Dalinao
Laoag Church, llocos Norte
by Fr. Joseph Ruiz
• sinking belltower

Las Pinas Church


• by Fr. Diego Cera

Loboc, Bohol
• biggest number of murals on walls and ceilings

Manila Cathedral
•by Bishop Domingo Salazar

Miagao Church, Ilo-ilo


• by Fr. Fernando Comporedondo

Morong Church, Rizal


• exquisite Spanish Baroque style
•by Fr. Blas dela Madre

Panay Church
• largest bell, from 30 sacks of coins donated by townspeople

Quiapo Church
• restored by Juan Nakpil and Jose Maria Zaragosa

San Agustin Church


• by Fr. Juan Macias
San Sebastian
• one of first steel buildings steel from Belgium by Eiffel

ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY IN THE PHILIPPINES SCHOOLS

Escuela Practica Y Profecional de Artes Oficio de Manila


• 1890
• taught maestros de obras Liceo de Manila
• MO-P "Maestros de Obra-Practica" • MO-A "Maestros de Obra-Academia"
Escuela de Ingenieria Y Arquitectura
• Closed after one year Mapua Institute of Architecture (1925)
• 1st school of Architecture Adamson University
• 2nd school of architecture UST College of Architecture (1930)
• 3rd school of architecture

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