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PAPER-VI - TELANGANA MOVEMENT AND STATE FORMATION

Castes In Telangana

Caste Details

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Reddys Traditionally land-owning agriculturalists, the Reddys are a dominant

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caste in Telangana. They have historically held significant political and
economic power. Many prominent political leaders and landlords in

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Telangana belong to this caste. Reddys were often village headmen and
tax collectors, and they played key roles in local administration.

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Velamas Another influential land-owning caste, the Velamas have been
prominent in agriculture and politics. The Velama Dora landlords were
known for their large estates and significant influence in rural areas.
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Kammas Known for their agricultural prowess and business acumen, the
Kammas have been influential in the socio-economic landscape of
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Telangana. They have also ventured into education and industry.

Mudiraj Primarily fishermen and agricultural laborers, the Mudiraj community

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is known for their traditional occupation of fishing and small-scale

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farming. They are also involved in brick making and other manual labor.
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Munnurukapu Traditionally involved in agriculture, the Munnurukapu community has

a significant presence in rural Telangana. They are known for their
farming skills and have been key players in the agrarian economy.

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Yadava (Golla) Traditionally shepherds and dairy farmers, the Yadava community plays
a vital role in the pastoral economy of Telangana. They are also involved
in agriculture and cattle rearing.

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Gouds Traditionally toddy tappers and liquor distillers, the Gouds have
diversified into agriculture and other occupations over time. They are

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also known for their involvement in political movements.

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Padmashali A weaving community, the Padmashalis are known for their expertise in
textile production, particularly handloom weaving. They produce the
famous Pochampally Ikat sarees and other textiles.

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Kurumas Traditionally shepherds, the Kurumas are known for their pastoral
lifestyle and contribution to the wool industry. They also engage in
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agriculture.
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Kummari Traditionally potters, the Kummari community is involved in pottery

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and ceramic crafts. They produce various clay products used in daily
life and festivals.
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Viswabrahmin This community comprises artisans and craftsmen such as blacksmiths,

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carpenters, goldsmiths, and stone masons, collectively known as

Viswakarma. They play a crucial role in traditional construction and
craft industries.
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Madiga Categorized as a Scheduled Caste, the Madigas traditionally worked as

leatherworkers and are now predominantly agricultural laborers. They
also engage in various forms of manual labor.

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Mala Another major Scheduled Caste, the Malas have traditionally been
involved in various forms of manual labor and agriculture. They have
also contributed to social and political movements for equality.

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Banjaras Traditionally nomadic traders and transporters, the Banjaras are known
for their distinctive dress and cultural practices. They have settled into

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various occupations, including agriculture and trading.

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Dekkani A significant community in Hyderabad, they include various sub-groups
Muslims engaged in diverse occupations ranging from administration and
business to craftsmanship and labor. They have a rich cultural heritage

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influenced by Persian and Mughal traditions.
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Komatis Traditionally traders and businesspeople, the Komatis have been
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influential in the commercial sector of Telangana. They are known for

their involvement in commerce, banking, and other financial activities.
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Additional Details and Examples

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1. Reddys: Historically powerful in both the Nizam’s administration and the British
colonial period, Reddy landlords owned vast tracts of land and were key players in
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local politics. Many modern-day politicians and businessmen in Telangana hail from
this community.
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2. Velamas: Known for their role in regional politics, prominent Velama families have
been influential in shaping the political landscape. Notable Velama leaders include
the former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, N. T. Rama Rao.
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3. Kammas: They have transitioned from being primarily agriculturalists to significant

figures in education, industry, and politics. The Kamma community is known for
establishing numerous educational institutions and businesses.
4. Mudiraj: Engaged in traditional occupations like fishing and farming, the Mudiraj
community also participates in brick making and construction labor, contributing to
the rural economy.

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5. Padmashalis: Renowned for their handloom products, the Padmashalis produce

Pochampally Ikat sarees, which are famous globally. Their weaving skills are passed
down through generations, preserving traditional textile arts.
6. Yadava (Golla): Integral to the dairy industry, the Yadavas manage large herds of
cattle and produce milk products. They also participate in agriculture, primarily
growing fodder for their livestock.

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7. Madiga and Mala: As major Scheduled Castes, they have been at the forefront of
Dalit movements, advocating for social justice and equality. Many activists and

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leaders from these communities have played significant roles in Telangana’s social
reforms.

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