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From Linear to Circular
Food Supply Chains
Achieving Sustainable
Change

Stella Despoudi
Uthayasankar Sivarajah
Manoj Dora
From Linear to Circular Food Supply Chains
Stella Despoudi • Uthayasankar Sivarajah
Manoj Dora

From Linear to
Circular Food Supply
Chains
Achieving Sustainable Change
Stella Despoudi Uthayasankar Sivarajah
Aston Business School School of Management
Aston University University of Bradford
Birmingham, UK Bradford, UK
Department of Business
Administration
University of Western Macedonia
Grevena, Greece
Manoj Dora
Brunel Business School
Brunel University London
Uxbridge, UK

ISBN 978-3-030-72672-0    ISBN 978-3-030-72673-7 (eBook)

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72673-7

© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the
Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of
translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on
microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval,
electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now
known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are
exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information
in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the
publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect
to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made.
The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and
institutional affiliations.

Cover pattern © John Rawsterne/patternhead.co

This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature
Switzerland AG.
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
 Preface

This book provides an in-depth analysis of the current topics in relation to

Circular Agricultural Supply Chains (ASCs). Practical insights to the topic
are provided through the discussion of relevant examples were circular
economy practices have been applied.
ASCs are facing significant challenges and their future sustainability
is questioned. The most common sustainability issues are related to
food loss, food safety, food insecurity and accessibility, increased demand
for food, decreasing natural resources, raw materials scarcity, and global
food crisis. Circular economy is seen as the new buzzword of sustain-
ability but with a focus on recycling and reusing materials and resources.
Implementation of CE practices implementation in the agricultural sup-
ply chains is quite new, but more informal CE practice have been used
for years by ASC entities. There is an urgent need to innovate even
more in order to be able to increase the ASC sustainability. This book
introduces the concept of CE and its emergence with a particular focus
on ASCs.
The move from linear to circular supply chains and circular agricultural
supply chains is delineated. The three most common practices of CE i.e.
reduce, reuse, and recycle are explained in line with relevant examples. In
order to understand in-depth, the CE concept its different drivers,
enablers and barriers need to be ascertained. CE seems to bring signifi-
cant advantages to ASC entities such as collaborative advantage and
improvements in sustainability performance. However, ASC companies

v
vi PREFACE

aiming to implement CE need to also understand the relative opportuni-

ties and challenges that may come with CE implementation. Research
about circular economy in ASCs is still in this infancy and there are
numerous research opportunities some of which are discussed in the end
of this book.
I would like to thank the co-authors of this book for contributing and
sharing their ideas for making this book possible.

Birmingham, UK Stella Despoudi

 Contents

1 Introduction to This Book 1

2 Definition of Agricultural Supply Chains and Sustainability

Issues 3
2.1 Definition of Agricultural Supply Chain (ASC) 3
2.2 Definition of Sustainability in ASC 4
2.3 Sustainability Issues and Waste in Agricultural Supply
Chains 6
2.4 Summary11
References12

3 From Linear to Circular Supply Chains15

3.1 Definition of Circular Economy15
3.2 Drivers of Circular Economy17
3.3 Practices of Circular Economy20
Reduction Practice 20
Reuse Practice 21
Recycle Practice 21
3.4 Priority of Circular Economy Practices22
3.5 Summary23
References23

vii
viii Contents

4 Circular Supply Chains25

4.1 Definition of Circular Supply Chains25
4.2 Definition of Circular Agricultural Supply Chains27
4.3 From Linear to Circular Agricultural Supply Chains27
4.4 Benefits of Circular Agricultural Supply Chains29
4.5 Summary32
References32

5 Drivers, Enablers and Barriers of Circular Agricultural

Supply Chains33
5.1 Drivers of Circular Agricultural Supply Chains33
Human Activities 34
Public Health 35
Knowledge About Circular Economy 35
Economic Activities 36
Customer Awareness and Brand Image 36
Leadership 37
Government Support and Legislation 37
5.2 Enablers and Barriers of Circular Economy in Agricultural
Supply Chains38
Enablers of Circular Agricultural Supply Chains 38
Regulatory Enablers 39
Internal Enablers 40
Financial Enablers 40
Sectorial Enablers 41
5.3 Barriers of Circular Agricultural Supply Chains41
Cultural Barriers 41
Market Barriers 42
Regulatory Barriers 43
Technical Barriers 44
Financial Barriers 44
Technological Barriers 45
Sectorial Barriers 45
5.4 Summary46
References46
 Contents  ix

6 Practices of Circular Agricultural Supply Chains47

6.1 The Importance of the Circular Economy Practices in the
Circular ASC47
6.2 Circular Economy Practices in Circular Agricultural
Supply Chains50
Reduction Practice 50
Reuse Practice 51
Recycle Practice 52
Waste Utilisation/Recovery of Waste 54
6.3 Examples of Circular Agricultural Supply Chains56
Case 1: Use of Olive Residue in Turkey 57
Case 2: Wine from Banana Waste 57
Case 3: Circular Food System in a Meat-Packing Plant in
Chicago 57
Case 4: Closing the Loop on Single-Use Food Packaging 58
Case 3: Collaborating to Change Local Food Systems 60
6.4 Summary61
References61

7 The Circular Economy Advantage and Implications on

Sustainability Performance: Collaborative Advantage and
Impact of CE Implementation63
7.1 Collaborative Advantage and Circular Economy63
7.2 Sustainability Performance and Circular Economy64
Definition of Sustainability Performance 64
Sustainability Performance and Circular Economy 65
7.3 Summary66
References66

8 Opportunities and Challenges of Circular Agricultural

Supply Chains67
8.1 Opportunities of Circular Agricultural Supply Chains67
8.2 Challenges of Circular Agricultural Supply Chains70
8.3 Summary71
References73
x Contents

9 Conclusion and Way Forward75

References77

Index87
 About the Authors

Stella Despoudi is Lecturer in Supply Chain and Operations Management

at Aston University, UK and Adjunct Lecturer in the same area at University
of Western Macedonia, Greece. She has extensive experience in agricultural
supply chain management and her research focuses in the areas of food
sustainability, circular economy, resilience, and the Industry 4.0. She has
published research papers in the area of food supply chain management in
internationally recognised operations, supply chain management, and engi-
neering journals such as International Journal of Production Research,
Production Planning and Control, Annals of Operations Research, and
Journal of Information Management. She has served as Guest Editor for a
Special Issue in the International Journal of Production Research (IJPR).
She has been the lead investigator in research projects related to Food
Supply Chain Management. Some examples are: ‘Sustainability, Resilience,
and the Impact of Industry 4.0 in Agricultural Supply Chains’, and ‘Circular
Agricultural Supply Chains’.
Uthayasankar Sivarajah is the Head of School of Management and
Professor of Technology Management and Circular Economy at the
School of Management, University of Bradford, UK. He is also the Head
of Business Analytics, Circular Economy and Supply Chain (BACES)
Research Centre at the School of Management. He is actively engaged in
research and teaching in the field of circular economy and responsible use
of technology. He has a successful track record of managing over £3 mil-
lion worth of large-scale R&D and consultancy projects funded by
national, international funding bodies and commercial organisations.

xi
xii ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Some of the notable funders have been the European Commission

(FP7, H2020, Marie Curie), Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF),
Innovate UK/DEFRA and British Council focusing on projects
addressing business and societal challenges surrounding themes such
as Blockchain use in Financial Services, Smart Waste and Cities,
Energy efficient data centres, Social innovation and Participatory
Budgeting.
Manoj Dora is the Director of Collaborative Projects and Outreach at
Brunel Business School. Manoj’s areas of specialisation are Sustainable
Value Chain and Quality Management, with a focus on Lean Six Sigma in
the agro-food sector. He has several years of experience in teaching,
research and consultancy, worldwide. He is the founder of the
“Circular Food Forum” which brings together academic, industries
and policy makers to facilitate dialogue and take forward research
agenda. He has been involved in many capacity building initiatives
focusing on the circular economy, humanitarian operations, industry
4.0 and food supply chain in Europe, Africa, South America and Asia.
 List of Figures

Fig. 2.1 FL recovery hierarchy. (EPA 2011) 10

Fig. 3.1 Drivers of circular economy. (Source: Authors) 19
Fig. 3.2 Practices of circular economy 22
Fig. 4.1 A typical circular supply chain. (Source: Batista et al. 2018) 27
Fig. 5.1 Drivers of circular economy in the ASC 34
Fig. 5.2 Enablers of circular economy in ASCs 39
Fig. 5.3 Barriers of circular economy in ASCS 42
Fig. 6.1 Circular economy system and its principles 56
Fig. 6.2 Circular economy example of olive residue. (Source: Authors) 57
Fig. 6.3 Reusing process for wine from banana waste. (Source: Authors) 58

xiii
 List of Tables

Table 8.1 Circular supply chain opportunities 69

Table 8.2 Circular supply chain challenges 72

xv
 CHAPTER 1

Introduction to This Book

Abstract The introduction chapter presents the aim of this book and pro-
vides summaries of each chapters’ contents.

Keywords Circular economy • Agricultural supply chain

This book aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the concept of

circular economy in the context of agricultural supply chains, explain the
need transition to circular economy, the need for circularity in this sector
as well the principles of circular economy. Implications on sustainability
performance and collaborative advantage are delineated. The opportuni-
ties and challenges of circular agricultural supply chains are discussed too.
In the end future research directions are provided.
Chapter 1 i.e. the current chapter introduces the reader to the topics
are that are covered in this book. Chapter 2 presents the definition of
agricultural supply chains, defines sustainability in the agricultural supply
chain, and discusses the main issues and waste in agricultural supply chains
such as food loss, food safety, food insecurity, increased demand for food,
decreasing natural resources, climatic change, and global food crisis.
Chapter 3 starts with the definition of circular economy and then the
drivers of circular economy are explained. After that the practices of

© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature 1

Switzerland AG 2021
S. Despoudi et al., From Linear to Circular Food Supply Chains,
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MORLEY, CHRISTOPHER DARLINGTON.

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MORRIS, EDWIN BATEMAN. Cresting wave.

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[London] Lit Sup

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in the South.”

+ Outlook 125:467 Jl 7 ’20 280w

“His book deserves to be read on his own account, and also for the
side lights that it throws upon negro conditions and problems.”

+ R of Rs 62:111 Jl ’20 100w

“It is easy to read and is highly informing and inspiring regarding

the career of one of America’s outstanding figures in contemporary
affairs. It is bound to be read, especially by those who enjoy an
unusual autobiography.” F. P. Chisholm
 + Springf’d Republican p11a S 26 ’20
500w
+ The Times [London] Lit Sup p712 N 4
’20 520w

MOTTELAY, PAUL FLEURY, comp. Life and

work of Sir Hiram Maxim; knight, chevalier de la
Légion d’honneur, etc. il *$2 (4c) Lane
20–13086

Biographical facts are set forth in a foreword by the author. This is

followed by an introduction by Lord Moulton. The body of the book
is then devoted to the inventions of Sir Hiram Maxim, with chapters
on: Electric lighting; Maxim automatic gun; Powders; Explosives;
Erosion of guns; Fuzes; Gun for attacking Zeppelins; Lewis gun—
Madsen gun; Flight of a projectile; Aerial navigation; etc. There are
seven illustrations, appendixes and index.

Ath p604 My 7 ’20 700w

Outlook 125:715 Ag 25 ’20 60w
Spec 124:394 Mr 20 ’20 180w
The Times [London] Lit Sup p189 Mr
18 ’20 80w
 MOULTON, JOHN FLETCHER MOULTON,
1st baron. Science and war. pa *80c (7½c) Putnam
509
(Eng ed 19–15830)

This small volume contains the Rede lecture for 1919, at

Cambridge university. In beginning his enumeration of the debts the
war owes to science Lord Moulton, without apparent ironical intent,
points out that science made the war possible. He shows that the war
represented “the results of the totality of scientific progress” from the
beginning and then devotes himself to the more recent developments
of science and invention that determined the character and extent of
the war. In conclusion he warns that the next war may mean not only
the end of civilization but the self-destruction of mankind.

Ath p786 Ag 22 ’19 340w

Reviewed by B: C. Gruenberg

Nation 111:104 Jl 24 ’20 160w

+ Spec 123:284 Ag 30 ’19 90w
+ The Times [London] Lit Sup p402 Jl 24
’19 180w

MOULTON, RICHARD GREEN, ed. Modern

reader’s Bible for schools; the New Testament.
*$2.25 Macmillan 225
20–5983

“‘The modern reader’s Bible’ is not a new translation. It is the

ordinary Bible (revised version), without alteration as to matter or
wording, but printed in such a way as to bring out to the eye the full
literary form and structure. This literary form and structure refers to
such things as the difference between story, song, drama, discourse,
essay: the distinction between verse and prose, together with the
delicate variations of verse which make such a large part of the effect
of poetry.” (Introd.) In addition to the general introduction each of
the three parts, Gospels, Acts, Epistles and Revelation, has its special
introduction. Some forty pages of notes are arranged at the end and
there is an index “designed to give assistance in the more systematic
reading of the New Testament.” There is also a frontispiece map.

Booklist 16:355 Jl ’20

“On the whole the book seems admirably adapted to the purpose
intended—to provide a text of the New Testament with explanations
adequate and truthful yet thoroughly adapted virginibus puerisque.”

+ Nation 111:305 S 11 ’20 200w

“Professor Moulton’s ‘Reader’s Bible,’ good as it is, does not please

everyone because he varies the order of the canon, and because he
adopts the revised version. However, we are glad to see his simplified
edition of the New Testament. It is far easier to read than any
ordinary Testament.”
 + Spec 125:540 O 23 ’20 170w
The Times [London] Lit Sup p637 S 30
’20 120w

MOWAT, ROBERT BALMAIN. Henry V. il

*$3.50 Houghton 942.04

“Henry V in his day was held to be the pattern of a chivalrous

knight: round his name has centred the romance of medieval
England; in his person Shakespeare found already expressed the
glory of the Elizabethan age, the symbol of our national aspirations.
The character of Henry V has many of the faults but all the virtues of
his time; ... his kindness and good fellowship; his bravery and sense
of justice; his unremitting industry; his piety.” (Chapter I) Among
the contents are: The legendary and the real Henry; The French war;
The conquest of Normandy; The treaty of Troyes; The work and
character of Henry V. The book is illustrated and has an appendix, a
bibliography and an index. An earlier edition of this work appeared
in 1915.

Ath p668 My 21 ’20 1250w

“It is natural in such a biography rather to emphasize the heroic,

and within the limits of his space Mr Mowat has given us a very
readable and on the whole accurate history. But space would not
permit the writer to add much that is new.” C. L. Kingsford
 + − Eng Hist R 35:453 Jl ’20 1100w

Reviewed by E. L. Pearson

+ Review 3:419 N 3 ’20 500w

“Mr Mowat has written a good book, which should be widely read.
He has very rightly relied in the main upon the chief French and
English chronicles and biographies, and has avoided the tendency,
rather too common just now, to pick out erudite and often irrelevant
detail from half-read sources.”

+ − The Times [London] Lit Sup p182 Mr

15 ’20 1100w

MUIR, EDWIN. We moderns; enigmas and

guesses. *$1.75 Knopf 192
20–26566

The volume is the fourth in the series of Free lance books, edited
with introductions by H. L. Mencken. It is a book of aphorisms after
the manner of Nietzsche and inspired by the philosophy of Nietzsche.
They are animadversions on life and all the modern aspects of life as
revealed in our art, literature, science, and religion; and are grouped
under the headings: The old age; Original sin; What is modern? Art
and literature; Creative love; The tragic view.
 + Booklist 17:7 O ’20

“There are lapses, superficialities, but on the whole this is

criticism, of life and of literature, which must effect a change in one’s
habits of thought.”

+ − Dial 69:102 Jl ’20 90w

“These aphorisms are utterly without the meretricious glitter of the

common epigram; they are luminous with the sober light of truth.
Like Pascal’s ‘Pensees’ the logic that underlies the book is, in its
smaller scale, an unconstructed cathedral of thought: it demands a
certain architectural intuition of the reader. One thing is certain: no
utterances more tonic, more bracing have rent the sultry firmament
of contemporary literature.”

+ Freeman 1:213 My 12 ’20 2150w

“He is, on the evidence of this little volume, a thinker not lightly to
be passed by.”

+ N Y Times p8 O 31 ’20 850w

MUMFORD, ALFRED ALEXANDER.

Manchester grammar school, 1515–1915; a regional
study of the advancement of learning in Manchester
since the reformation. il *$8.50 (*21s) Longmans 373
20–8869
 “This volume has seventeen chapters with twenty-one appendixes
of documents, tracing the history of the Manchester school for three
hundred years. The author is more interested in the personal history
of its benefactors, directors, masters, and graduates, than he is in
detailed information regarding the school’s management, support,
system of education, etc., at various periods. This is somewhat
disappointing to the American student. On the other hand the
volume is much more than a history of one school or even of the
educational forces and agencies in Manchester. There is much of
value on the educational and intellectual development of England in
general, and comment on the larger factors of an economic, social,
and religious character, which influenced the course of this
development. The main thread of the story has to do with the
struggle to democratize the school and to supplant the old classical
curriculum with one which would more directly meet the new
economic and social conditions ushered in by the industrial
revolution. There are numerous illustrations of Manchester, the
school and notables connected with it, and a good index.”—Am Hist
R

“The book is a creditable piece of work, even if it does not measure

up to the high standard of scholarship which other writers have set in
their histories of similar schools.” M. W. Jernegan

+ − Am Hist R 26:127 O ’20 460w

“The last chapter of Dr Mumford’s book contains much valuable

material. As he was for a long time medical examiner at the school,
his testimony against military training in secondary schools is
important. Other valuable expert testimony is that given in regard to
the irregular development of the adolescent.” W. S. Hinchman

+ Review 2:523 My 15 ’20 1200w

 MUNDY, TALBOT. Eye of Zeitoon. il *$2 Bobbs
20–4959

“Those who followed the fortunes of the four friends who traveled
‘The ivory trail’ will rejoice at the opportunity here afforded of
meeting them once again and sharing the thrilling adventures which
befell them because of ‘The eye of Zeitoon.’ This same ‘Eye of
Zeitoon’ was not a precious stone of any kind, but a man named
Kagig, an Armenian and a patriot, doing his best to save his
countrymen from the Turks. Two women play important parts in the
story—Gloria Vanderman, an American girl, resolute, strong-willed
and fearless, able to handle a pistol or even a rifle in a moment of
danger, and that effectively, and the mysterious Maga Jhaere, the
wild, pagan, primitive half-gypsy, a veritable fiend at times, yet
almost a child in her naïveté. She is interesting, but not so interesting
as Kagig himself.”—N Y Times

“‘The eye of Zeitoon’ shows a great advance on ‘The ivory trail,’

which we reviewed not long ago. It has more coherence, fewer
horrors, and a descriptive quality which at times touches the point of
brilliance.”

+ Ath p838 D 17 ’20 100w

Booklist 16:282 My ’20

“‘The eye of Zeitoon’ has most of the Kipling tricks and some of the
Kipling virtues. As a yarn, it drags at times, its briskness of style
being in odd contrast with the sluggish action.” H. W. Boynton

+ − Bookm 51:582 Jl ’20 210w

 + Cleveland p72 Ag ’20 50w

“Talbot Mundy would like to be a second Rudyard Kipling and he

never will, but if you don’t insist on making invidious comparisons
and if you like hot fighting you can find a lot of interest and
excitement in this tale.”

+ − Ind 104:382 D 11 ’20 80w

“A dramatic, well-written and absorbing romance of high

adventure.”

+ N Y Times 25:205 Ap 25 ’20 700w

Reviewed by Katharine Oliver

+ Pub W 97:993 Mr 20 ’20 320w

“A highly interesting element is the author’s portraiture of eastern

characters.”

+ Springf’d Republican p11a Je 13 ’20

150w

“Mr Mundy strives valiantly after thrills and excitements, but

scarcely succeeds in rising above the level of musical comedy.”

− + The Times [London] Lit Sup p721 N 4

’20 50w
 [2]
MUNDY, TALBOT. Told in the East. *$2 Bobbs
20–21184

“Two of the three stories in Talbot Mundy’s ‘Told in the East’ are of
the proportions of novelets. They are based on dramatic incidents in
the Indian mutiny. The third has a humorous trend but is withal a
typical Mundy tale. The first of the trio, ‘Hookum, Hai’ has for its
central figure Bill Brown, a stoical British sergeant, who, while
assigned to an isolated outpost in command of a dozen men, is
caught in the maelstrom of the initial uprising. A typical Mundy
character—a loyal, aristocratic Rajput officer—is the hero of ‘For the
salt he had eaten,’ the second story. ‘Machassan Ah,’ the final tale,
relates the humorous experiences of two British bluejackets who go
ashore at an Arabian port in pursuit of a native who proclaims
himself an Englishman.”—Springf’d Republican

“None of the three tales published in the present volume is lacking

in excitement; in fact, there is a little too much of it.”

+ − N Y Evening Post p10 D 31 ’20 100w

“Through the magic of these printed pages, we are transported to

the India of the last century.”

+ N Y Times p24 D 26 ’20 670w

“The three stories will afford pleasure and entertainment.”

+ Springf’d Republican p7a D 12 ’20 230w

 [2]
MUNK, JOSEPH AMASA. Southwest
sketches. il *$3.50 Putnam 917.8

The book describes the mesa and desert country and the coast line
of the Southwest geographically, geologically, climatologically and
ethnographically. The healthfulness, beauty and rare fascination of
the country are dwelt upon and the 133 illustrations give some idea
of the scenery and the remains of pioneer and aboriginal life. The
contents are: The mesa country; Land of the cliff dwellers; In
Hopiland; The Flagstaff region; The petrified forests of Arizona; El
Rito de los Frijoles; On the Arizona frontier; Passing of the Apache;
Ranch reminiscences; Big irrigation projects; Southwest climate;
Southern California.

+ N Y Times p14 Ja 2 ’21 910w

+ R of Rs 53:223 F ’21 70w

“A pleasantly informal travel book. Mr Munk evidently writes with

thorough knowledge and shows an appreciative eye for the beauties
and oddities of that country and its native people. Particularly
fascinating is the description of the petrified forests of Arizona.”

+ Springf’d Republican p10 Ja 18 ’21

420w

MUNROE, JAMES PHINNEY. Human factor

in education. *$1.60 Macmillan 370.1
 20–2741

“A volume defending vocational education and written by a vice-

chairman of the Federal board for vocational education. The author
tries to show that the old regime of twenty years and more ago was a
flat failure in the scheme of education in the United States. There is
strong intimation that much of the old system is still in force. He
shows how the great world war has helped bring us to our senses in
the matter of educating boys and girls in a many-sided way rather
than in a narrow way as previously. (School R) “The book does not
advocate, however, the separation of vocational from academic
schools.” (Booklist)

+ Booklist 16:331 Jl ’20

“The plea for reorganization of elementary and secondary

education could hardly be put more forcibly than is here given. To
the casual reader, however, there seems to be some overemphasis in
places; but this only makes one think more carefully.”

+ − School R 28:390 My ’20 600w

MURCHISON, CLAUDIUS TEMPLE. Resale

price maintenance. pa *$1.50 Longmans 338.5
19–17749

“Dr Murchison lays the foundation for discussion of price

maintenance in the two chapters upon marketing: The organization
of the market, and Irregularities of the present retailing system. The
discussion of price maintenance is given in chapters five to eight.”
(Am Econ R) “[Other subjects discussed are] the function of the
retailer, and attempts to prevent price-cutting. Issued as Columbia
university studies in history, economics, and public law.” (Brooklyn)

“A serious study such as this is to be commended even though it

does not say the last word upon price maintenance.” H. R. Tosdal

+ − Am Econ R 10:120 Mr ’20 850w

Brooklyn 12:62 Ja ’20 30w

“The various forms of price maintenance and of price cutting are

described in detail, and the arguments for and against both, as well
as for the author’s own compromise position, are stated with lucidity.
If the reader remains unconvinced, the reason lies in the fact that in
actual life the problem of price determination is bound up with a
variety of other problems of equal importance to the consumer.” B. L.

+ − Survey 43:202 N 29 ’19 320w

MURDOCK, VICTOR. China, the mysterious

and marvellous. il *$2.50 Revell 915.1
20–20219

“Mr Murdock’s book is simply a narrative of a trip into China that

took him rather far into the interior and away from the usual route of
the tourist.” (Freeman) “He says, ‘Here is the history of the present
volume. My brother in Wichita took the letters I had written and as
they had been published in our paper, the Eagle, put them in the
form they bear. Our idea was to let me give copies of it to particular
friends.” (N Y Times)

“It is unfortunate, we think that Mr Murdock elected to write this

story of his travels, not in English, but in journalese. Some three
hundred pages of etymological ‘jazz’ places an undue strain on the
reader’s literary nerves. And this is more the pity because the author
can command good, plain English when he wants to.” Harold Kellock

+ − Freeman 2:188 N 3 ’20 620w

“The text is so frisky, the words so plain and slangy, comparisons

so lacking, and the subject dealt with so personally, that I wondered
at a publisher printing such a book with paper and labor so dear.” F:
O’Brien

− N Y Times p7 S 5 ’20 3650w

+ Outlook 126:768 D 29 ’20 50w

MURRAY, ELSIE RIAEH, and SMITH,

HENRIETTA BROWN. Child under eight.
(Modern educator’s lib.) *$1.90 (*6s) Longmans
372.2
(Eng ed E20–581)

“The book which comes from England with this title, ‘The child
under eight,’ is a discussion of the kindergarten after the fashion that
might have been found in an American book fifteen or twenty years
ago. The titles of the various chapters indicate the temper of the
writers. There are chapters entitled The world’s mine oyster, All the
world’s a stage, Joy in making, In grassy places, etc. The book is not
without some practical suggestions for work in the kindergarten, but
in the main it is a defense of the kindergarten with some reference to
modern movements in the treatment of little children.”—El School J

El School J 20:716 My ’20 170w

+ Spec 124:553 Ap 24 ’20 900w

MURRAY, GILBERT. Our great war and the

great war of the ancient Greeks. (Creighton lecture,
1918) *$1.25 (13c) Seltzer 938
20–13139

A comparison between the Peloponnesian war and the great war in

Europe. The war between Sparta and Athens was the greatest war the
world had ever known. “Arising suddenly among civilized nations,
accustomed to comparatively decent and halfhearted wars, it startled
the world by its uncompromising ferocity.” And it ended in a peace
that was no peace and was followed by other wars, the outcome of
which was death to both combatants. Drawing on the historians and
dramatists of the time the author sets forth a picture that shows
many striking similarities to our modern experience. In conclusion
he expresses a hope that in spite of the terrible evils growing out of
the recent war, we may make use of the opportunity to build a better
international life out of the ruin. The work is dated November 7,
1918.
 Nation 111:252 Ag 28 ’20 350w

“Gilbert Murray’s translations are, as always, enjoyable, even

though such words as ‘Niagara’ in the mouth of the Athenians make
us a bit suspicious that other lively expressions also may be more
Murray than Aristophanes.” J. W. Hughan

+ Socialist R 9:208 N ’20 220w

[2]
MURRAY, JOHN. John Murray III, 1808–
1892. il *$1.50 Knopf
(Eng ed 20–8871)

“John Murray III was the grandson of the John Murray (1745–93,
originally MacMurray!) who founded the famous publishing house in
November, 1768, and the son of John Murray, jr. (1778–1843), who
is perhaps best remembered now as friend and publisher of Byron
and as publisher of the Quarterly Review. Of John Murray III (1808–
92) there was no account adequate at all, except mere facts in the
Dictionary of national biography, until his son’s interesting article
appeared in the Quarterly Review for January, 1919. The present
little book consists of that article, revised and enlarged, followed by
the father’s paper on the ‘Origin and history of Murray’s handbooks
for travellers,’ and by some new letters to his family (1830–91),
mainly describing vividly various travels abroad and at home.”—N Y
Evening Post

“The letters are excellent reading, and we venture to ask for more,
if more are to be had.”
 + Ath p76 Ja 16 ’20 300w

“Interesting because of his participation in literary events of real

significance, such as Scott’s announcement of his authorship of
‘Waverly’ and the publication of the ‘Origin of species.’”

+ Booklist 17:153 Ja ’21

“One misses such anecdotes and illustrations of literary life as

might have been expected from a publisher in close contact with
great writers.”

+ − Nation 112:90 Ja 19 ’21 180w

“This is a very interesting and welcome little book.” L. L. MacKall

+ N Y Evening Post p14 D 4 ’20 1250w

“The memoir has the unusual fault of being too brief, but it does
justice to its subject and adds a new and interesting chapter to the
history of English publishing.”

+ Spec 122:81 Ja 17 ’20 1650w

MUSCIO, BERNARD. Lectures on industrial

psychology. 2d ed, rev il *$3 Dutton 658.7
20–13083