Sample Question on Module-5

1. What is sustainable software development as defined by Tate (2005)?

A) A mindset and practices to maintain optimal development pace indefinitely
B) The development of software with minimal bugs
C) Software that is user-friendly and accessible
D) Software that costs less to develop
Answer: A
2. In the context of this chapter, sustainability is defined in an ecological context by
whom?
A) Tate (2005)
B) Weiss et al. (2008)
C) Dick et al. (2010)
D) Bozzelli et al. (2013)
Answer: C
3. What is the estimated impact of nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) compared to carbon
dioxide (CO2)?
A) 10,000 times more effective as a greenhouse gas
B) 17,000 times more effective as a greenhouse gas
C) 5,000 times more effective as a greenhouse gas
D) 25,000 times more effective as a greenhouse gas
Answer: B
4. What percentage of Android phone owners use more than ten apps regularly
according to a study from November 2011?
A) 50%
B) 80%
C) 20%
D) 10%
Answer: C
5. What can potentially mitigate the negative effects of planned obsolescence?
A) Faster internet speeds
B) Open-source software
C) Higher hardware specifications
D) Frequent software updates
Answer: B
6. What role does software play in planned obsolescence according to the chapter?
A) Reducing energy consumption
B) Limiting software upgrades to currently sold devices
C) Increasing the cost of devices
D) Enhancing user experience
Answer: B
7. Which of the following gases is used in the production of LCD screens and has a
significant greenhouse effect?
A) Nitrogen dioxide
B) Carbon monoxide
C) Nitrogen trifluoride
D) Sulfur hexafluoride
Answer: C
8. What is a major contributor to CO2 emissions from electronic devices?
A) Transportation
B) Manufacturing
C) Recycling
D) Packaging
Answer: B
9. Which optimization approaches are closely related to the hardware of a system?
A) Energy measurements and models
B) User interface improvements
C) Software licensing
D) Network enhancements
Answer: A
10. What could enable the outsourcing of computing capacity to more efficient
virtualized server farms?
A) Faster CPUs
B) Connecting systems to the cloud
C) More RAM
D) Advanced graphics cards
Answer: B
11. Which approach has been extensively researched to reduce energy consumption?
A) Single criteria optimization
B) User interface design
C) Network speed
D) Software licensing
Answer: A
12. What percentage of the overall CO2 emissions can the production of a device
cause?
A) Up to 25%
B) Up to 50%
C) Up to 75%
D) Up to 90%
Answer: B
13. What technology heads toward the end of profitable scaling according to
Moore’s law?
A) Semiconductor fabrication
B) Optical fibers
C) Quantum computing
D) Network processors
Answer: A
14. What is a potential benefit of using open-source software for sustainability?
A) Reduced production costs
B) Mitigating planned obsolescence
C) Enhanced user privacy
D) Faster software updates
Answer: B
15. What is a key consideration in the ecological context of sustainability in
software?
A) User interface design
B) Energy consumption at runtime
C) Licensing fees
D) Market trends
Answer: B
16. What can create incentives for users to upgrade their devices, contributing to
planned obsolescence?
A) Higher hardware specifications
B) Limiting software updates to new devices
C) Offering discounts on new devices
D) Enhancing user experience
Answer: B
17. What can help to extend the useful life of electronic devices?
A) Regular software updates
B) Faster CPUs
C) More storage capacity
D) Advanced graphics cards
Answer: A
18. Which of the following is an example of an open-source project that can improve
sustainability?
A) Windows OS
B) CyanogenMod
C) Mac OS
D) Chrome OS
Answer: B
19. What is the focus of the study by Bozzelli et al. (2013)?
A) Metrics for energy consumption at runtime
B) User interface design
C) Software licensing
D) Network speed
Answer: A
20. What is a significant factor in the ecological impact of software according to the
chapter?
A) Software development process
B) Direct and indirect effects on sustainability
C) Market trends
D) User interface design
Answer: B
21. What trend could allow mobile and stationary systems to connect to the cloud for
better sustainability?
A) Faster network speeds
B) Increased storage capacity
C) Cloud computing
D) Advanced graphics processing
Answer: C
22. What type of software upgrade can extend the life of a device?
A) Regular and timely updates
B) New device-specific upgrades
C) Security patches only
D) Paid software upgrades
Answer: A
23. Which devices are considered as pioneers of the new era in sustainability?
A) High-end gaming PCs
B) Simple laptops running ChromeOS
C) Traditional desktops
D) High-performance servers
Answer: B
24. Which term refers to the environmentally friendly aspects of software
throughout its life cycle?
A) Sustainable software
B) User-friendly software
C) Cost-effective software
D) High-performance software
Answer: A
25. Which compound used in LCD screens production has a high greenhouse effect?
A) CO2
B) NF3
C) SO2
D) CH4
Answer: B
26. What is the primary role of software in the sustainability of electronic devices?
A) Enhancing user interface
B) Reducing energy consumption
C) Increasing storage capacity
D) Improving graphics
Answer: B
27. What factor is comparatively negligible in CO2 emissions from electronic
devices?
A) Manufacturing
B) Operation
C) Transportation
D) Software development
Answer: C
28. Which approach is still not available despite intensive research?
A) Overall systemwide optimization framework
B) Single criteria optimization
C) User interface design
D) Network speed improvement
Answer: A
29. What do Weiss et al. (2008) estimate about the greenhouse effect of NF3?
A) It is equivalent to CO2
B) It is less effective than CO2
C) It is about 17,000 times more effective than CO2
D) It is not significant
Answer: C
30. What is a common method to assess the environmental impact of products?
A) User feedback
B) CO2 equivalence measurement
C) Market analysis
D) Software performance testing
Answer: B
31. What percentage of CO2 emissions is attributed to the operation of electronic
devices?
A) 10%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 70%
Answer: D
32. What can help reduce the indirect effects of sustainability with respect to
production?
A) Providing updates for a reasonable time
B) Increasing hardware specifications
C) Improving user interface
D) Enhancing network speed
Answer: A
33. What aspect of software has a significant role in sustainable development?
A) Licensing
B) User interface
C) Energy efficiency
D) Market trends
Answer: C
34. Which term describes the deliberate strategy of limiting product lifespan to
increase sales?
A) Sustainable development
B) Planned obsolescence
C) Market saturation
D) User-centric design
Answer: B
35. What is one of the environmental benefits of using open-source software?
A) Reducing hardware dependency
B) Increasing development costs
C) Enhancing user interface
D) Limiting market reach
Answer: A
36. Which is a key concept in Tate's definition of sustainable software development?
A) Minimal bugs
B) Optimal development pace
C) Cost reduction
D) User-friendly design
Answer: B
37. What is the impact of NF3 in the atmosphere according to Weiss et al. (2008)?
A) It contributes to ozone depletion
B) It is a potent greenhouse gas
C) It has no significant impact
D) It benefits the atmosphere
Answer: B
38. What is a suggested strategy to mitigate planned obsolescence?
A) Faster internet speeds
B) Advanced graphics cards
C) Regular software updates
D) Increased storage capacity
Answer: C
39. Which gas is estimated to be around 17,000 times more effective as a greenhouse
gas than CO2?
A) CH4
B) NF3
C) CO2
D) NO2
Answer: B
40. What is the primary source of CO2 emissions from electronic devices?
A) Use
B) Production
C) Disposal
D) Packaging
Answer: B
41. What does the term 'green information technology' refer to?
A) User-friendly technology
B) Technology that reduces environmental impact
C) Cost-effective technology
D) High-performance technology
Answer: B
42. What is a benefit of outsourcing computing capacity to virtualized server farms?
A) Increased local storage
B) Enhanced user privacy
C) Improved sustainability
D) Faster computing speeds
Answer: C
43. What is the estimated effective lifespan of nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) in the
atmosphere?
A) 100 years
B) 200 years
C) 500 years
D) 700 years
Answer: D
44. What is a major drawback of planned obsolescence in terms of sustainability?
A) Higher development costs
B) Reduced software performance
C) Increased environmental impact
D) Decreased user satisfaction
Answer: C
45. What is one of the focuses of sustainable software design as discussed in the
chapter?
A) Enhancing market trends
B) Increasing software sales
C) Reducing environmental impact
D) Improving user interfaces
Answer: C
46. Which method is not recommended to mitigate the effects of planned
obsolescence?
A) Faster internet speeds
B) Open-source software
C) Regular software updates
D) Increased hardware specifications
Answer: D
47. Which term refers to the strategy of deliberately making products less durable to
increase sales?
A) User-centric design
B) Market saturation
C) Sustainable development
D) Planned obsolescence
Answer: D
48. Which compound is significantly more effective as a greenhouse gas than CO2
and is used in LCD screens?
A) SO2
B) CO2
C) NF3
D) CH4
Answer: C
49. What is a significant contributor to the ecological impact of software?
A) User feedback
B) Market analysis
C) Energy consumption at runtime
D) Licensing fees
Answer: C
50. What trend could enhance the sustainability of electronic devices through
software?
A) Faster CPUs
B) More RAM
C) Regular software updates
D) Cloud computing
Answer: D