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Key-Word Transformations - Part 4

English

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40 views

Key-Word Transformations - Part 4

English

Uploaded by

Pingu ago
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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READING AND USE OF ENGLISH - Part 4 Key word transformations ead In Reading and Use of English Part 4, you read six pairs of sentences. The sentences in each pair have a similar meaning, but they are expressed in different ways. ‘There isa gap in the second sentence which you have to filli, using between two and five words. Contractions count as two words. You are given one of the words (called the key word) which {you must use, and you can't change this word in any way. Practice task This part tests your knowledge of both grammar and vocabulary by testing your ability to express the same ideas using different grammatical forms and different words. You need to show that you can express a sentence in a different way, without changing its meaning. The answer for each sentence is divided into two parts, and there is one mark for each correct part. © rose he foc fle about fle science baltsnthe past Then rnd sentences 1-3 Compleethe second sentence so that ths smlar meaning tote frst sentence txingthe word glen Dot chongethe word given. You mustuse between to and five words, including the word given. Here is an example: 0 Inthe past, there were some scientific theories that people don't LONGER People NO LONGER BELIEVE IN_ some scientific theories from the believe in now. past Crazy science beliefs from the past Inthe Middle Ages, people believed itwas possible ‘to make gold from other metals. Inthe nineteenth century, people believed you could tell someone's personality from the bumps on their head. This ‘was called phrenology. 1 People no longer try to make gold from other metals GIVEN People to make gold from other me 2. People stopped using phrenolagy in the nineteenth century. UseD People have the nineteenth century. 3 Inthe past, people thought the Earth was slowly getting bigger. BELIEVED Inthe past, the Earth slowly getting bigger Inthe past, people ‘thought the Earth was stowily growing in size. How did you do? © check your answers. © ook atthe tree anawers gain 11 Inwhich answer do you need to change an active verb to a passive one? 2. Inwhich answer do you need to use a phrasal verb? 3. Inwhich answer do you need to use the present perfect with since? Strategies and skills Past tenses {tis important to understand the meaning of all the main verb tenses, including continuous forms, would and used to. Make sure you know how to use for and since with the present perfect, too. @ Look at the pairs of sentences. Decide if they have a similar meaning (S) or diferent meanings (D). Reported speech You may need to rewrite direct speech as reported speech, Make sure you know the patterns with different reporting verbs, and how to report questions. ° e Complete the reported speech sentences. "Sam, | think you should check your computer for viruses’ said Rami Rami advised 2 ‘Don'tsit on that chair! It’s wet!’ Jodie said to me his computer for viruses. 1A. When | was t college, | played tennis alot B used t0 ply a lt of tennis t college Jodie worned ‘on that chair because it 2 A Patishas been my home since 2012. ae B Ihave been lving in Pris since 2012 3 "Youstole the money! Elle said to Marta 3A. Wefirst became fiends ton years ago. Elie accused the money, B We had frst become fiends ten years ener 4. "Would you lke to come tothe cinema wth me?” Amber 4A. | was always told by my father to do my best at asked me, school Amber invited to the cinema with her. 8 My father would always tell me to do my best 5 'Whatare you doing at the weekend” Josh asked me. peste! Josh asked me the weekend. Kabecn ane years cs es cow Gaon. Se 6 A Joan prepared a meal for us when we got home. bore Los B Joan was cooking a meal for us when we got home. @ Comparative forms e ‘Complete the second sentence so that ithes @ You may have to use comparatives, superlatives and phrases which similar meaning to the first. 1 fist came to live here five years ago. uvING I five years. 2. Wevisited our grandparents every weekend. WouLD We weekend. 3. Ididn't enjoy music lessons asa child, Use 1 music lessons as 2 child 4. This was the first time | had ever met Charles. NEVER 1 before, 5 Mynephew no longer ties to do well a school STOPPED My nephew to do well at school 6 I's been five months since I last took an exam. TAKEN 1 for five months. ‘express comparisons. Make sure you know how to use so and such conrectiy ° © choose the correct words or phrases to complete the second, sentence so thatit has a similar meaning to the frst. 1. expected the film to be longer than it was ‘The film was longer than / wasn't as long as | expected. 2. Marlon can't un as ast as his brather Marion's brother isa faster runner than / not such a fast runner as Marion. 3 The second flm was less successful than the fist ‘The first film wasn't as successful as / was more suecessful than the second. | didn't realise their house was so big. | didn't realise they lived in a much bigger / such a 5 Which exhibition did you enjoy the most? Which was such an interesting / the most interesting exhibition? 6 This hotel is far more expensive than the last one. The last hotel was much cheaper than /just as expensive as. this one. house. Passive forms The second sentence often uses the passive form of a verb. Make sure you know the passive forms for all verb tenses, and how to use have/get something done. Learn how to use impersonal structures. like He is thought to be ... ,Itis believed to have been TIP: Remember, we use by + agent to say who does the action of a passive verb. © Complete each second sentence with the correct passive form ofthe verb. They are opening a new supermarket here. BEING ‘Anew supermarket ‘A woman at the gate gave me a ticket GIVEN ' Someone had decided that the museum would have to close. BEEN Ie 1 here. ‘2 woman at the gate. the museum would have to close. 4 Weill inform you when your order has been sent. BE You when your order has been sent. '5 People think the show will start at eight otlock. EXPECTED The show at eight o'clock. & his said that eating fish is good for your brain. ‘SUPPOSED Eating fish ‘good for your brai 7. People believe the play was written in 1578. HAVE The playis vaitten in 1578. 8 Mycomputer needs repairing again. GET Ineed to again. Conditionals and wish Some sentences may use first, second or third conditionals. Make sure you are confident with all the conditional forms, and learn how to use alternatives to if, such as unless, in case and as long a © Which second sentence matches the meaning of the first sontence? Write A,B or ‘both. She will only come to the party if she can geta taxi home. A. She has refused to come tothe pany unless she can get a taxi home B She has agreed to come to the party as long as she can get ataxi home 1 You can use my computer, but you mustn't download any films. ‘A You can't use my computer in case you download any films. B You can use my computer as long as you don't download any films. Lily arrived late because her train was delayed. ‘A. If Lily train had been late, she wouldn't have arrived on time. Bf Lilys train had been on time, she wouldn't have arrived late twas snowing, so we didn't go shopping ‘A We would have gone shopping ifit hadn't been for the snow. B fithadn't been snowing, we would have gone shopping, Petra regretted spending so much money. A. Petra wished she hadn't spent so much money. B_ Petre didn't think she would have spent so much money. Ws shame that is raining today. ‘A. Iish it wouldn't rain 50 much! BI wish it wasn't raining! Grammar and vocabulary changes You often have to make grammatical changes to the second sentence and also use a word or phrase with a similar ‘meaning. Think about the grammar patterns of the word in capitals, and think about other changes you need to make so the meaning stays the same. @ correct one or two mistakes in each completed second sentence. 1 htisn't necessary to take 2 coat. POINT There is __no point totake _a coat. Paula arrived late because her flight was delayed, TIME IF Paula's flight. have arrived late. was in time she wouldn't The exam was too difficult for me to do. so ‘The exam was S000 difficult that Icould_not do it 4 Nabil started leaming French two years ago. FoR Nabil _was learning French for wo years 5 The journey wasn'tas boning 35 | expected MORE The journey was more intoresting as__| expected. 6 Emma said that we shouldn't stay 100 late ADVISED Emma__advised us don't stay _ too late. ) Paraphrasing ‘As well as making grammatical changes to the second sentence, you usually have to change other words to words ‘or phrases with similar meanings. tis important to recognise ‘words, phrases and phrasal verbs that have similar meanings to familiar words. © choose the word or phrese (A-C) that matches the ‘meaning of the bold words in the sentences (1-6) 11 They decided to postpone the match, A. putout 3 putoff © putdown 2. Are you going to go in for the competition? A takepartin 8 getpatof give partof 3 Maxdidn't accept her offer. A turnedaway 8 tunedoff ¢ tuned down 4. Hellethisjobas an accountant. A goveup —-B goveaney © gaveout 5. Itisn'tworth coinginto townnow. A Theresno 8 Thereisnta € There'sa pointin point of point for 6 Abi has stopped singing now. A civonof 8 gienin © givonup © Decide the pis ofsomtencas (A and 8) havea simi ‘meaning (S) or different meanings (D). 1A I'mnever going to speak to Carol again. B My intention is never to speak to Carol again. 2A Iimssure he broke it by accident. B I'm sure he meant to break it 3 A They didn't let people park on the beach, B_ People were allowed to park on the beach. 4 A They had no money left B_ They had run out of money. 5A. Wefinally managed to escape. B. We finally succeeded in escaping, 6 A Brad took no notice of the children. B_ Brad paid attention to the children. ‘Complete the second sentence so that it has similar ‘meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. Here is an exampi © People thinkthat the coins are Roman. BELIEVED The coins ARE BELIEVED TO BE__ Roman, 1. "You're lying!’ Marissa said to me. ACCUSED Marissa the truth, 2. Itwas careless of her to leave her keys on the table. SHOULD her keys on the table. 3 not dance as wellas Jack. Jacks ‘than Carl 4. People think that singing is good for your health. ‘THOUGHT singing good for your health. 5 I'msorry | didn't go to the cinema with the others. wisH ' to the cineme with the others. 6 I can't wait to meet all your fiends. FORWARD lam realy alll your fiends. =

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