Basic Math Formulas Trigonometry Formulas Integration Formulas Differentiation Formula Algebra Formulas Mensuration Formula Statistics Formu

Basic Math Formulas

Last Updated : 15 May, 2024

Basic Math Formulas: Mathematics is divided into

various branches as per the way of calculation involved
and the topics covered by them all the branches have
various formulas that are used for solving various
mathematics problems. The branches include geometry,
algebra, arithmetic, percentage, exponential, etc.

This article will provide you with all the basic formulas
for different branches of mathematics including
trigonometry, geometry, algebra, probability,
coordinate geometry, etc.

What are Basic Math Formulas?

A formula is a mathematical expression or definite rule
that is derived from the relation between two or more
quantities and the derived final product is expressed in
symbols. The formulas in math include numbers known
as constants, letters that represent unknown values and
are known as variables, mathematical symbols known as
signs, and exponential powers in some cases.

Basic Algebra Formulas

a2 – b2 = (a – b)(a + b)
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
a2+ b2 = (a + b)2 – 2ab
(a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2
(a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
(a – b – c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 – 2ab + 2bc – 2ca
(a + b)3 = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3
(a – b)3 = a3 – 3a2b + 3ab2 – b3
a3 – b3 = (a – b)(a2 + ab + b2)
a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 – ab + b2)
(a + b)4 = a4 + 4a3b + 6a2b2 + 4ab3 + b4
(a – b)4 = a4 – 4a3b + 6a2b2 – 4ab3 + b4
a4– b4 = (a – b)(a + b)(a2 + b2)
(am)(an) = am + n
(ab)m = ambm
(am)n = amn

Various algebraic formulas which are widely used are

given in the image below.

Basic Geometry Formulas

We study Geometry formulas under two headings that
are,

2-D Formulas
3-D Formulas

2 D Formulas

Rectangle

Perimeter of Rectangle = 2(l + b)

Area of Rectangle = l × b
Where
‘l’ is Length
‘b’ is Breadth

Square

Area of Square = a2
Perimeter of Square = 4a
Where
‘a’ is the length of sides of a Square

Triangle

Area of Triangle= 1/2 × b × h

Where
‘b’ is the base of the triangle and
‘h’ is the height of the triangle

Trapezoid

Area of Trapezoid = 1/2 × (b1 + b2) × h

Where
b1 and b2 are the bases of Trapezoid
h is height of Trapezoid

Circle

Area of Circle = π × r2
Circumference of Circle = 2πr
Where
‘r’ is radius of a Circle

Various formulas used for 2-D objects are,

3 D Formulas

Cube

Surface Area of Cube = 6a2

Volume of Cube = a3
Where
‘a’ is the length of sides of Cube

Cylinder

Curved Surface Area of Cylinder = 2πrh

Total Surface Area of Cylinder = 2πr(r + h)
Volume of Cylinder = V = πr2h
Where
‘r’ is the radius of base of Cylinder
‘h’ is the height of Cylinder

Cone

Curved Surface Area of Cone = πrl

Total Surface Area of Cone = πr(r + l) = πr[r +
√(h2 + r2)]
Volume of Cone = V = 1/3× πr2h
where,
‘r’ is the Radius of base of Cone
h is the Height of the Cone

Sphere

1. Surface Area of a Sphere = S = 4πr2

2. Volume of a Sphere = V = 4/3 × πr3

Where,
r is the Radius of Sphere

Various formulas used for 3-D objects are,

Basic Probability Formulas

Probability can simply be defined as the possibility of the
occurrence of an event. It is expressed on a linear scale
from 0 to 1. There are three types of probability :
theoretical probability, experimental probability, and
subjective probability.

P(A) = n(A)/n(S)

Where,
P(A) is the Probability of an Event.
n(A) is the Number of Favourable Outcomes
n(S) is the Total Number of Events

Basic Fraction Formula

A fraction is a number expressed with integers in which a
numerator is divided by the denominator. A fraction is
basically the quotient of a division.

(a + b/c) = [(a × c) + b]/c

(a/b + d/b) = (a + d)/b
(a/b + c/d) = (a × d + b × c)/(b × d)
a/b × c/d = ac/bd
(a/b)/(c/d) = a/b × d/c

Basic Percentage Formula

A percentage is a numerical value or ratio expressed as a
fraction of 100. It is generally symbolized by the sign %.

Percentage = (Given Value/Total Value) × 100

Distance Formula
If the coordinate of the points A is (x1, y1) and B is (x2, y2)
the formula used to calculate the distance between these
two points is discussed in the image below.

Trigonometry Formulas
There are six basic functions of Trigonometry are,

SIn Function
Cos Function
Tan Function
Cosec function
Sec Function
Cot Function

The three basic trigonometric functions formulas are,

Basic Math Formulas Chart

All the general formulas in Maths are discussed below.

Perimeter 1. Square 1. P = 4a
2. Rectangle 2. P = 2(l + b)

Circumference 1. Circle 1. C = 2 (π) r

Area 1. A = a
2
1. Square
2. A = l × b
2. Rectangle
3. A = ½(b × h)
3. Triangle
4. A = ((b1 +b2 )
4. Trapezoid
× h) / 2
5. Circle 2
5. A = π × r

Surface Area 1. S = 6l
2

1. Cube 2. CSA = 2 × π ×
2. Cylinder r×h
3. Cone 3. CSA = π × r ×
4. Sphere l
2
4. S = 4 × π × r

Volume 2
1. V = πr h
1. Cylinder 2
2. V =1/3 πr h
2. Cone
3. V = 4/3 × π ×
3. Sphere 3
r

Pythagoras 2 2 2
a +b =c
Theorem

Distance 2 2
d = √[(x2 – x1) +(y2 – y1) ]
Formula

Slope of a line m = y2 – y1 / x2 – x1

Mid-Point
M = [(x1 + x2 )/ 2 , (y1 + y2 )/ 2]
Formula

Algebraic 1. Pythagorean
Formula theorem
1. a2 + b2 = c2
2. Slope-
2. y = mx + c
intercept form
3. d = st
of the
4. Total cost =
equation of a
(number of
line
units) × (price
3. Distance
per unit)
formula
5. x = [-b ± √(b2
4. Total cost
– 4ac)] /2a
5. Quadratic
6. am x b m = (a
formula
x b)m; am x a
6. Laws of n = (a)m+n
Exponents
7. a1/2 = √a
7. Fractional
Exponents

Trigonometric 1. Sin x =
Formulas Opposite Side/
1. Sine Function Hypotenuse
2. Cosine 2. Cos x =
Function Adjacent Side/
3. Tangent Hypotenuse
Function 3. Tan x =
Opposite Side/
Adjacent Side

Interest 1. Simple 1. S.I = P × R ×

Formulas Interest T/100
2. Compound 2. C.I =P (1 +
Interest R/100 )n – P

Math Formulas List

Here is the list of most used maths formulas :

2cosacosb Formula Midpoint Formula

Monthly Compound
30-60-90 Formulas
Interest Formula

Absolute Value Formula Multiple Angle Formulas

Addition Formula N Choose K Formula

Algebra Formulas Natural Log Formula

Algebraic Expressions
Newton’s Method Formula
Formula

Normal Distribution
Angle Formula
Formula

Annulus Formula Octagon Formula

Anova Formula Orthocenter Formula

Antiderivative Formula Parabola Formula

Arc Length Formula Parallel Line Formula

Arccot Formula Parallelogram Formula

Partial Differential
Arctan Formula
Equations

Area Formula for Pearson Correlation

Quadrilaterals Formula

Percent Composition
Area Formulas
Formula

Area of a Circle Formula Percent Decrease Formula

Area of a Pentagon Percent Difference

Formula Formula

Area Of A Sector Of A
Percent Error Formula
Circle Formula

Area of a Square Percentage Change

Formula Formula

Area of a Trapezoid Percentage Decrease

Formula Formula

Area Of An Octagon
Percentage Formula
Formula

Area Of Isosceles Percentage Increase

Triangle Formula

Area of Regular Polygon

Percentage Yield Formula
Formula

Area Under the Curve

Percentile Formula
Formula

Arithmetic Mean Formula Perfect Square Formula

Arithmetic Sequence Perfect Square Trinomial

Explicit Formula Formula

Arithmetic Sequence
Perimeter Formulas
Formula

Arithmetic Sequence Perimeter of a Kite

Recursive Formula Formula

Associative Property Perimeter of a

Formula Parallelogram Formula

Perimeter of a Square
Asymptote Formula
Formula

Average Deviation Perimeter of a Trapezoid

Formula Formula

Average Rate of Change Perimeter of a Triangle

Formula Formula

Axis of Symmetry Perimeter of Hexagon

Formula Formula

Basic Math Formulas Perimeter of Rectangle

Perimeter of Rhombus
Bayes Theorem Formula
Formula

Binary Formula Periodic Formulas

Binary to Decimal
Permutation Formula
Formula

Binomial Distribution Permutations And

Formula Combinations Formulas

Binomial Expansion Perpendicular Line

Formula Formula

Binomial Probability
Pi Formulas
Formula

Binomial Theorem
Platonic Solids Formula
Formula

Calculus Formulas Point Gradient Formula

Point of Intersection
Celsius Formula
Formula

Central Angle of a Circle

Point Slope Form Formula
Formula

Central Limit Theorem Poisson Distribution

Formula Formula

Centroid of a Trapezoid
Polygon Formula
Formula

Chain Rule Formula Polynomial Formula

Change of Base Formula Population Mean Formula

Chi-Square Formula Prime Number Formula

Circle Graph Formula Prism Formula

Probability Distribution
Circumference Formula
Formula

Coefficient of
Probability Formulas
Determination Formula

Coefficient of Variation
Product Rule Formula
Formula

Cofactor Formula Product to Sum Formula

Cofunction Formulas Profit Formula

Coin Toss Probability

Profit Margin Formula
Formula

Combination Formula Proportion Formula

Commutative Property
Pyramid Formula
Formula

Completing the Square Pythagorean Theorem

Formula Formula

Complex Number Pythagorean Triples

Division Formula Formula

Complex Number Quadratic Function

Formula Formula

Complex Number Power Quadratic Interpolation

Formula Formula

Compound Interest
Quadrilateral Formulas
Formula

Conditional Probability
Quartile Formula
Formula

Confidence Interval
Quotient Rule Formula
Formula

Consecutive Integers
 R Squared Formula
Formula

Correlation Coefficient Radians to Degrees

Formula Formula

Cos Double Angle

Radical Formula
Formula

Cos Inverse Formula Radius Formula

Cos Square theta Radius of Curvature

Formula Formula

Cos Theta Formula Rate of Change Formula

RATIO ANALYSIS
Cosec Cot Formula
FORMULA

Cosecant Formula Ratio Formula

Cosine Formula Rectangle Formula

Rectangular Parallelepiped
Cot Half Angle Formula
Formula

Cotangent Formula Recursive Formula

Cot-Tan formula Reduction Formula

Regression Sum of
Covariance Formula
Squares Formula

Covariance Matrix
Regular Hexagon Formula
Formula

Regular Square Pyramid

CP Formula
Formula

Regular Tetrahedron
Cpk Formula
Formula

RELATIVE FREQUENCY
Cross Product Formula
FORMULA

Relative Standard
Cube Formula
Deviation Formula

Resistors in Parallel
Cube Root Formula
Formula

RESULTANT VECTOR
Cubic Equation Formula
FORMULA

Daily Compound Interest

Retention Factor Formula
Formula

De Moivre Formula Revenue Formula

Decay Formula Rhombus Formula

Decimal to Binary
Riemann Sum Formula
Formula

Decimal to fraction
Right Angle Formula
Formula

Definite Integral Formula Right Triangle Formula

Degree and Radian Root Mean Square

Measure Formula Formula

Degrees of Freedom
Rotation Formula
Formula

Derivative Formula Sample Mean Formula

Determinant Formula Sample Size Formula

Diagonal Formula Sampling Error Formula

Diagonal of a Cube
Scalene Triangle Formula
Formula

Diagonal Of A Polygon
Scientific Notation Formula
Formula

Diagonal Of A Square
Secant Formula
Formula

Diagonal of
Secant Square x Formula
Parallelogram Formula

Diameter Formula Selling Price Formula

Difference of Cubes
Sequence Formula
Formula

Difference of Squares Sequences and Series

Formula Formulas

Difference Quotient
Series Formula
Formula

Differential Equations
Set Formulas
formula

Differentiation and SIDE ANGLE SIDE

Integration Formula FORMULA

Signal-to-Noise Ratio
Direct Variation Formula
Formula

Direction of a Vector
Simple Interest Formula
Formula

Discount Formula Simpson’s Rule Formula

Discriminant Formula Sin 30 Formula

Distributive Property
Sin Cos Formulas
Formula

Division Formula Sin squared x formula

Dot Product Formula Sin Tan formula

Double Angle Formulas Sin Theta Formula

Double Time Formula Sin to Cos Formula

Effect Size Formula Sin2x Formula

Sine Cosine Tangent

Ellipse Formula
Formula

Empirical Probability
Sine Formula
Formula

Equation Formula Sine Half Angle Formula

Equation of a Circle
Sine Rule Formula
Formula

Equation of a Line
Skewness Formula
Formula

Equilateral Triangle
Slant Asymptote Formula
Formula

Euler Maclaurin Formula Slope Formula

Slope Intercept Form

Euler’s Formula
Formula

Exponential Distribution Slope of the Secant Line

Formula Formula

Exponential Equation
Sphere formula
Formula

Spherical Cap Volume

Exponential Formula
Formulas

Exponential Function
Spherical Sector Formula
Formula

Exponential Growth Spherical Segment

Formula Formula

Spherical Wedge and

Exponents Formula
Spherical Lune Formula

F Test Formula Square Footage Formula

Factorial Formula Square Formula

Factoring Formulas Square Root Formula

Factoring Trinomials Square Root Property

Formula Formula

Fahrenheit to Celsius Standard Deviation

Formula Formula

Fibonacci Formula Standard Error Formula

Foil Formula Standard Form Formula

Statistical Significance
Fourier Series Formula
Formula

Frequency Distribution
Statistics Formulas
Formula

Frustum of a Regular
Stirling Formula
Pyramid Formula

Frustum of a Right
Subtraction Formulas
Circular Cone Formula

Sum of Arithmetic
Function Formulas
Sequence Formula

Function Notation
Sum of Cubes Formula
Formula

Gaussian Distribution
Sum of Squares Formula
Formula

Geometric Distribution
SUMMATION FORMULA
Formula

Geometric Mean Formula Surface Area Formulas

Geometric Sequence Surface Area of a Cone

Formula Formula

Geometric Series Surface Area of a Cube

Formula Formula

Surface Area of a Cylinder

Geometry Formulas
Formula

Surface Area of a Prism

Graph Formula
Formula

Graphs of Trigonometric Surface Area of a Pyramid

Functions Formula Formula

Surface Area of a
Great Circle Formula
Rectangle Formula

Surface Area of a
Gross Profit Formula
Rectangular Prism Formula

Surface Area of a Sphere

Half Angle Formula
Formula

Half-LifeThe slope- Surface Area of a Square

intercept Formula Pyramid Formula

HARMONIC MEAN Surface Area of a

FORMULA Triangular Prism Formula

Height of a Parallelogram Surface Area of Circle

Formula Formula

Surface Area of
Hexagon Formula
Hemisphere formula

Hexagonal Prism
Tan Theta formula
Formula

HYPERBOLA FORMULA Tan2x Formula

Hyperbolic Function
Tangent 3 Theta Formula
Formula

Hypergeometric
Tangent Addition Formula
Distribution Formula

Hypothesis Testing
Tangent Circle Formula
Formula

Implicit Differentiation
Tangent Formula
Formula

Infinite Geometric Series

Tangent Line Formula
Formula

Tangential Quadrilateral
Infinite Series Formula
Formula

Integral Calculus Formula Taylor Series Formula

Integral Formulas T-Distribution Formula

Integration By Parts Temperature Conversion

Formula Formula

Integration by
The Distance Formula
Substitution Formula

The probability Distribution

Interest Formula
Function Formula

Interpolation Formula Trajectory Formula

Interquartile Range
Trapezoid formula
Formula

Inverse Function Formula Trapezoidal Rule Formula

Inverse Hyperbolic
Triangle Formula
Functions Formula

Triangular Pyramid
Inverse Matrix Formula
Formula

Trigonometric Function
Inverse Tangent Formula
Formulas

Inverse Trigonometric
T-Test Formula
Formulas

Inverse Variation Formula U Substitution Formula

Isosceles Trapezoid Uniform Distribution

Formula Formula

Isosceles Triangle
Unit Circle Formula
Perimeter Formula

Lagrange Interpolation
Unit Rate Formula
Formula

Lateral Area Formula Unit Vector Formula

Law of Cosines Formula Variance Formula

Law Of Sines And

Vector Formulas
Cosines Formula

Law of Sines Formula Vector Projection Formula

Vertex of a Parabola
Law of tangent formula
Formula

LCM Formula Vieta’s Formula

Volume Charge Density

Limit Formula
Formula

Line of Best Fit Formula Volume Formulas

Linear Approximation
Volume of a Cone Formula
Formula

Linear Correlation
Volume of a Cube Formula
Coefficient Formula

Volume Of A Cylinder
Linear Equations Formula
Formula

Volume of a Pyramid
Linear Function Formula
Formula

Linear Interpolation Volume of a Rectangular

Formula Prism Formula

Linear Regression Volume Of A Sphere

Formula Formula

Volume of a Square
Loan Balance Formula
Pyramid Formula

Volume of a Triangular
Logarithm Formula
Prism Formula

Volume of an Ellipsoid
Maclaurin Series Formula
Formula

Magnitude of a Vector Volume of Parallelepiped

Formula Formula

Margin of Error Formula Weighted Average Formula

Matrix Formula Weighted Mean Formula

Mean Absolute Deviation

X and Y Intercept Formula
Formula

Mean Deviation Formula X Intercept Formula

Mean Median Mode

Y Intercept Formula
Formula

Mean Value Theorem

Z Score Formula
Formula

Solved Examples on Math Formulas

Example 1: Determine the probability to get an ace
from a card taken from a deck.

Solution:

Given:

Total number of favorable outcomes n(S) = 52

Number of face cards in the deck = 12

Number of favorable outcomes n(A) = 12

Now,

P(A) = n(A)/n(S)

= 12/52

= 3/13

Hence, the probability to get a face card from a

card deck is 3/13.

Example 2: Simplify 3/(x – 1) + 1/(x – 1) = 2/x

Solution:

3/(x-1) + 1/(x – 1) = 2/x

4/(x – 1) = 2/x

2x = x – 1

x = -1

Example 3: If x + 1/x = 3. Find the value of x2 + 1/x2.

Solution:

Given,

x + 1/x = 3

Squaring both side

x + 1/x)2 = (3)2

x2 + 2 × x × 1/x + (1/x)2 = 9

x2 + 1/x2 + 2 = 9

x2 + 1/x2 = 7

Example 4: If the radius of a circle is 21cm. Find the

area of the given circle.

Solution:

Given:

Radius of Circle = 21cm

We have,

Area of the circle (A) = πr2

A = 22/7 × 21 × 21

A = 1386cm2

Hence, the area of the given circle is 1386cm2

Example 5: Find the area of a triangle having a base

of 100cm and a height of 20cm.

Solution:

Given:

Base of the triangle =100cm

Height of the triangle = 20cm

We have,

Area(A) = 1/2 × b × h

= 1/2 × 10 × 20

= 1000cm2

Example 6: Punam has 4/5 parts of the field among

which she uses 2/5 parts for farming. How many
parts of the farm are left for other purposes?

Solution:

Given,

Total Fraction of Land = 4/5

Total Fraction used for Farming = 2/5.

Now,

Land Left = 4/5 – 2/5

= 2/5

Hence, 2/5 part of the field is left for other

purposes.

Example 7: What will be the 20% of 240 kg?

Solution:

Given,

= 20% of 240kg

= 20/100 × 240

= 48 kg

Hence, 20% of 240 kg will be 48 kg.

FAQs on Math Formulas

What are some Basic Math Formulas?

Some basic Math formulas are :

1. Perimeter of square = 4×a

2. Perimeter of rectangle = 2 (l + b)
3. Circumference of circle = 2 (pi) r
4. Area of square = a2
5. Area of rectangle = l × b

What is the formula of a3 + b3?

a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 – ab + b2)

Where are Math formulas used?

These Math formulas can be used to solve the

problems of various important topics such as
algebra, mensuration, calculus, trigonometry,
probability, etc.

Why are Math Formulas important?

Math formulas are important because they help us

to solve complex problems based on conditional
probability, algebra, mensuration, calculus,
permutation and combination, geometry in less
time.
 Get 30% additional discount on all GfG Courses. Get your
training certificate this summer and skill up. Avail 30%
discount now!

Summer-time is here and so is the time to skill-up! More

than 5,000 learners have now completed their journey
from basics of DSA to advanced level development
programs such as Full-Stack, Backend Development,
Data Science.

And why go anywhere else when our DSA to

Development: Coding Guide will help you master all this
in a few months! Apply now to our DSA to Development
Program and our counsellors will connect with you for
further guidance & support.

Suggest improvement
22

Next
What is the Division
Formula?

Share your thoughts in the comments

Add Your
Comment

Similar Reads

Trigonometry Formulas - List of All Trigonometric

Identities and Formulas

Basic Excel Formulas

Basic Geometry Formulas

Formulas of Ionic Compounds

How to calculate Sum and Average of numbers

using formulas in MS Excel?

D ddeevvii…

Article Tags :
Maths-Formulas
Mathematics
School Learning

Company Explore Languages DSA Data Science Web

About Us Job-A-Thon Hiring Python Data Structures & ML Technologies
A-143, 9th Floor, Sovereign Legal Challenge Java Algorithms Data Science With HTML
Corporate Tower, Sector-
Careers Hack-A-Thon C++ DSA for Beginners Python CSS
136, Noida, Uttar Pradesh -
201305 In Media GfG Weekly PHP Basic DSA Data Science For JavaScript
Contact Us Contest GoLang Problems Beginner TypeScript
Advertise with us Offline Classes SQL DSA Roadmap Machine Learning ReactJS
GFG Corporate (Delhi/NCR) R Language DSA Interview Tutorial NextJS
Solution DSA in JAVA/C++ Android Tutorial Questions ML Maths NodeJs
Placement Master System Competitive Data Visualisation Bootstrap
Training Program Design Programming Tutorial Tailwind CSS
Master CP Pandas Tutorial
GeeksforGeeks NumPy Tutorial
Videos NLP Tutorial
Geeks Community Deep Learning
Tutorial

Python Computer DevOps System School Commerce

Tutorial Science Git Design Subjects Accountancy

Python GATE CS Notes AWS High Level Design Mathematics Business Studies

Programming Operating Docker Low Level Design Physics Economics

Examples Systems Kubernetes UML Diagrams Chemistry Management

Django Tutorial Computer Azure Interview Guide Biology HR Management

Python Projects Network GCP Design Patterns Social Science Finance

Python Tkinter Database DevOps Roadmap OOAD English Grammar Income Tax

Web Scraping Management System Design

OpenCV Tutorial System Bootcamp
Python Interview Software Interview
Question Engineering Questions
Digital Logic
Design
Engineering
Maths

Databases Preparation Competitive More Free Online Write & Earn

SQL Corner Exams Tutorials Tools Write an Article
MYSQL Company-Wise JEE Advanced Software Typing Test Improve an Article
PostgreSQL Recruitment UGC NET Development Image Editor Pick Topics to
PL/SQL Process UPSC Software Testing Code Formatters Write
MongoDB Resume SSC CGL Product Code Converters Share your

Templates SBI PO Management Currency Experiences

Aptitude SBI Clerk Project Converter Internships

Preparation IBPS PO Management Random Number

Puzzles IBPS Clerk Linux Generator
Company-Wise Excel Random
Preparation All Cheat Sheets Password
Companies Generator
Colleges

@GeeksforGeeks, Sanchhaya Education Private Limited, All rights reserved ▲