EN Tlo DT UM NSS eso wea ele) Leelee) NASC 4th Floor SPT ol lec) London, er Vaya oJ 020 7822 7400 WZ [email protected] O ¥ © nascscatoiding www.nasc.org.uk Peer eo Keon) I TG 20:21 User Guide etele Miele eee Rm URS eel“The preparation of this NASC guide to good Practice was entrusted to the TG20:21 working group and CADS (Computer and Design Services Lta) by the National Accass & Scaffolding Confederation (NASC). By using this Guide you agree that you have ‘ead this cisclaimer and that you agree to the terms and conditions contained within this disclaimer. ‘The content of this Guide ("Information") is provided on an “as is" basis and is intended to be for information only, Any reliance upon the Information is entirely at your own isk. The Information does not constitute legal, technical or any other type of advice or opinion on oF in respect of any legal or other obligation or requirement, including but not limited to matters of health and safety. Diagrams herein are for illustrative purposes only, They are not technical drawings and may ‘omit components or features that are required in practice, Elernents of this Guide may go further than the minimum needed to comply with health and safely legislation Whilst efforts have been made to ensure that the Information is acourate, nether the NASC nor Computer and Design Services Lid (together “Authors") accepts any responsibilty for any associated errors, omissions or misleading statements. To the maximum extent lawfully permitted, the Authors and each of them hereby jointly and severally exclude all lability in connection with this Guide and the Information, and with any reliance that you may choose at your sole discretion to place ‘on them. All implied warranties and conditions in connection therewith are excluded to the maximum extent permitted by lav. You should always seek advice specific to your circumstances from an appropriate professional ora competent person with appropriate knowledge, training and experience. The Guide isnot a substitute for such advice or for on-site assessment and, tothe extent necessary, design and calculation Allintoiectuel property and ather eights in this Guide and the Information are expressly reserved, No part ofthis Guide may be copied, reproduced, stored in a retriaval system or ‘transmitted in any form or by any means, including electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the NASC, which it may grant or ‘withhold at its absolute discretion. ‘The Authors would welcome any feedback on this Guide or the Information, Copyright © National Access & Scaffelding Confederation 2021, NASC NATIONAL ACCESS & SCAFFOLDING ‘CONFEDERATION No part of this publication may be repraduced, stored ina retrieval system or transmitted in any {form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the copyright holder. Copyright © National Access & Seatfolding Confederation 2021 Published by: National Access & Scattolding Confederation 4" Floor, 12 Bridewell Place, London EC4V 6AP [email protected] wwnw.nase.org.uk Tet: 0207822 7400Notes Foreword. and serious injuries in the construction industry. Properly designed and constructed scaffolding has a key role to play in reducing that toll of injuries. The Work at Height Regulations 2005 (WAHR) require that strength and stabiity calculations are carried out for all scaffold structures unless they conform to a generally recognised standard configuration. The responsibility for ensuring that this duty is met falls to both the scaffolding contractor and his client. 6 Falls from height remain the dominant cause of fatal HSE is pleased to acknowledge that the NAS has written TG20 to provide a standard for traditional tube and fitting scaffolds to help industry manage safety risks effectively in the scatfolding and wider construction sector. HSE recognises that this guidance contains some advice that may go further than the minimum needed to comply with health and safety law. 7. Sarah Jardine HM Chief Inspector of Construction Health and Safety Executive 40‘The application of consistently high standards is key to both safety and productivity on construction projects. ‘Almost everyone on site works off a temporary working platform at some point, and should be able to carry ‘out their job confident in the knowledge that scaffold structures have been properly designed and constructed. ‘Written by NASG and industry experts, supported by structural research and calculations, and eliminating the need for bespoke designs on the most commonly used structures, TG20:21 sets the standard for scaffolding across the UK. J Suzomnah Nichol MBE Chief Executive BUILDUK Build UK es he Coraonbeny Issue receipt TG 20:21 User Guide Good practice guidance for tube and fitting scaffolding This booklet has been supplied in conjunction with the practical and theoretical training given on: If this is a replacement bookie, the date of the original training was: By (company): To (recipient): Signature of recipient: Date: 3938 Welcome Welcome to the TG20:21 User Guide. ‘This user guide is intended to be a handy, easy-to-use pocket reference guide written for scaffolding operatives, supervisors, client site management and all those involved in the provision and use of tube and fitting scaffolding. it summarises the principal points of interest for TG20 compliant scaffolds, which are described in more det within the TG 20:21 Operational Guide. TG20:21 has been produced by the NASC, as the recognised UK scaffolding industry trade body, with support from the HSE and Build UK. It aims to increase awareness of good practice in the wider industry and provide practical and technical advice to aid all scaffolding contractors in the implementation of BS EN 12811 and the Work at Height Regulations. National Access and Scaffolding Confederation March 2021Introducing TG 20:21 — 7G20:21 has been developed by the NASC. in response to the introduction of BS EN 12811, the British and European design standard for scaffolding, Issue receipt TG 20:21 User Guide Good practice guidance for tube and fitting scaffolding The Work at Height Regulations 2005 state: "Strength and stabilty calculations for scatfolaing shall be carried out unless [Jit s assembled in conformity with a generally recognised standard configuration.” | acknowledge that | have received training and instruction in accordance with this guidance and have been issued with a copy of The TG20:21 Operational Guide and this TG20:21 User Guide. electronic eGuide provide definitions of G20 compliant scaffolds, which have been designed by structural calculation to 2 BS EN 12811. Any tube and fitting scaffolding erected in yi Name: accordance with 720 is also in accordance with BS EN 12811 and does not require a bespoke design Company name: This can be demonstrated with a TG20 \ liance sheet. ene Signature of recipient: G20 compliant scaffolds have been designed by structural calculation to BS EN 12811 Date: A TG20 compliance sheet demonstrates thett ct scaffold does not need a bespoke design, Any scaffold which falls outside the scope of a TG20 compliance sheet will require a bespoke design produced by a competent scaffold designer.Work on site — The dimensions stated by the TG 20 compliance sheets are subject to the following erection tolerances: Feature Erection tolerance Vertical to within + 20mm in 2.0m, to a maximum total Standards Geviation of 60mm. Level to within = 20mm in 2.0m, to. a maximum total Ledaere deviation of 50mm. Transoms + 100mm on the target spacing. Baylength + 200mm on the designated lengths. Lift height + 100mm on the designated height. Note that these tolerances should not be used to repeatedly exceed the design dimensions, for example to provide 2.1 m lifts instead of 2.0m, but they allow a reasonable level of construction accuracy and can be used for the occasional variance where required by site conditions. TG20 compliant scaffolds should be erected with BS EN39 Type 4 galvanised steel tubes or equivalent. TG20 compliant high-tensile galvanised steel tubes. with a diamater of 48.3 mm, thickness of 3.2mm and minimum yield strenath of at least 355N/mm? may also be used. TG20 compliance sheets are intended for use with BS2482 timber scaffold boards of 38mm nominal thickness and a.target span of at least 1.2m. Other decking (such as LVL or composite plastic'decks) with a target span of at least 1.2m and a unit weight not in excess of a 38mm timber board may also be used. It is recommended that newly-purchased couplers should conform to BS EN74, but existing stocks of couplers manufactured to BS 1139-2 can still be used. 36 TG 20 compliance sheets ATG20 compliance sheet should be provided for each TG20 compliant scaffold (or each group of similar scaffolds) on the site. ‘The compliance sheet has two or more pages, with the first page showing an illustration of a typical elevation of the scaffoiding. The TG20 compliance badges at the bottom of the page show the principal maximum dimensions and loading. The sign-off section at the right of the page shows the details of the site and scaffold, who produced the compliance sheet and who checked it. lMustration ofa typical elevation of scatfoiding ‘Sign-off section 7620 21 compliance sh Sen 7620 compliance badges showing maximum dimensions and loading dso NATIONAL ACCESS AND SCAFFOLDING CONFEDERATION 5‘The second page of the TG20 compliance sheet lists the detalled compliance criteria for the scaffold, which must be followed. These criteria provide detail about the construction criteria such as the maximum permitted dimensions, the required bracing, tying and edge protection, the maximum loading and whether cladding is permitted. This page of the compliance sheet will also state whether additional scaffolding features are permitted, such as a pavement lift, fan or bridge, or whether a loading bay or ladder-access tower may be provided for the scaffold. These additional features are described later in this guide. If 80, additional compliance sheet pages will be provided to describe the requirements for these features. ‘The sign-off section is repeated on each page ‘The detailed 7620 compliance eriteria, Sonat The TG20 compliance badges are ‘also shown on each page. The permitted loading and dimensions of the chimney access scaffold are: Y” Maximum working loads 1.5kNim Maximum bay length: 2.0m. Maximum width: four boards. v v Y Maximum transom spacing: 1.2m. YA maximum of one lft may be provided for chimneys at the ridge, but two lifts are permitted for eaves chimneys if required. Plan bracing should be provided under the walkway if it is more than one bay long. Any standards supported by the roof must be placed on bearing boards ‘spanning at least two rafters and connected with a horizontal tube immediately above the bearing boards to prevent the standards penetrating them. ‘Access should be provided by a tower or independent fagade scaffold supported by its own foundations. Loads should be supported by the ground as far as possible to limit the load supported by the roof, for example by using diagonal struts to transfer loads to the tower. ‘The access scaffold should be tied to the roof structure at the eaves or verge or to the gable wall more than 2.0m below the verge to minimise the height of the projecting tower. ‘Alternatively the tower may be buttressed with fully triangulated rakers acting in conjunction with butting transoms at the 4.0m lift Position or the tower may be securely butted between opposing walls. ‘The scaffold should not be clad with sheeting or debris- netting, or have a sign board Detail of bearing boards fixed above the topmost tie and horizontal tube. level NATIONAL ACCESS AND SCAFFOLDING CONFEDERATION 35Chimney stack scaffolding Independent scaffolding G20 compliance sheets are avaliable for common configurations of G20 compliance sheets are available for a wide variety of tied independent scaffolding for accessing a chimney stack at the roof ridge, eaves or gable. fagade access scaffolds. This user guide summarises the principal features of a G20 compliant independent scaffold, but a TG20 compliance sheet must be Note that the ridge chimney illustration below is for a typical arrangement but consulted in addition to this summary to determine any special requirements. the actual configuration will depend on the roof and chimney dimensions. Note that TG20 compliant independent scaffolds are assumed to be tied ‘The responsibilty for the adequacy of the roof must be established before work or rakered and butted to an existing structure, so completely free-standing commences. A structural engineer may be required to check its integrity. scaffolds such as those for timber frame or modular construction are outside the scope of this guide. Guard rails Toe board Standard Sole boards where required ‘Facade bracing Ledger bracing NATIONAL ACCESS AND SCAFFOLDING CONFEDERATION 7v _ Each scaffold elevation may be loaded at one working platform to the following loads. One other platform may be 50% loaded. Inside boards may only be very lightly loaded to 0.75kN/m® for access only: Load Duty TWpical uses Maximum class platform load 1 Very ight duty Inspection, access, ight cleaning ——_0.75kNIm* 2 Light duty Plastering, painting, stone cleaning, 1.50kN/m* lazing, pointing 2 General purpose Brickwork, window and malion 2.00kNim®? ‘xing, rendering, plastering 4 Heavy duty Heavy masonry work, concrete .00KNIEn® blockwork, heavy cladding Note: 1.0kN/m* is approximately 100kg/mn* 'Y The maximum dimensions depend on several factors and should be read from the TG20 compliance sheet, but typical values are: Load Platform width Maximum Maximum bay Maximum class__(mainboards) inside boards length transom spacing 5 8-5 1 24m 12m 2 4-8 1 24m 1.2m 3 4-5 3 20m 1.2m 4 4-5 3 1.8m 09m (Other bay lengths and widths are available from a TG20 compliance sheet. Y__The maximum height is stated by the TG20 compliance sheet and depends on the scaffold dimensions, features and site wind exposure. Y The maximum lift height is usually 2.0m, except a pavement lift (see page 15}, but TG20 compliance sheets are available for lifts up to 3.0m. Tied in accordance with a TG20 tie pattern (see page 9). Fagade braced to the top lift at every elevation, one set per six bays. Ledger braced at alternate standards in al lifts (but see pages 14 - 15). a. Double guard rails must be provided at boarded lifts, with single guard rails left in place at unboarded lifts, in accordance with NASC SGé, Triple guard rails may be provided at the top lift if required. S$ May include brick guards or may be clad with sheeting or debris-netting, ‘See pages 10 and 13 for additional guidance for clad scaffolds. If the birdcage is tied at one end or securely butted at opposing ends it should be braced in every frame to its full height at one bay in six, If the birdcage is free-standing (not tied or butted at opposing ends) it must be braced in a continuous line to the full height of the scaffold at every frame along — the length and along the width. The required bracing arrangement depends on whether the birdcage is located internally or externally and is illustrated by the G20 compliance sheet. Further guidance is provided in section 13.3 of the TG20:21 Operational Guide. fe ie Bracing is required at ever frame Minimum two sets of At, ‘along the Bdcage depth opposing bracing Soge-bay bracing fea tedoe buted birdcage. Continuous bracing fora tee-standing birdcage ‘Additional sets of bracing are required for longer bitdcages as shown on a TG20 compliance sheet Continuous bracing ora too NATIONAL ACCESS AND SCAFFOLDING CONFEDERATION 33 ing birdcage wih more bays than it.‘A TG20 birdcage may be tied, butted or free-standing in one or both directions. ‘A butted birdcage must be securely butted against a permanent structure at the top lift, with butts provided at a maximum interval of two bays. If the birdcage Is tied, ties should be provided at the positions shown on the TG20 compliance sheet. An internal birdcage should be tied at the top lift at alternate standards, whereas an external hircicage may require ties at alternate lifts or every lift, at alternate standards or at every standard, depending on the dimensions and wind exposure. If the birdcage is free-standing, its height must not exceed the following maximum height-to-base ratios: Birdcage location Maximum free-standing height-to-base ratio Internal 3:1 External 1 32 Ties ATG20 compliance sheet must always be consulted to determine the tying requirements including the required tie duty and tie pattern. ‘The TG20 compliance sheet will state which tie pattern to use. Tie patterns A~C provide ties at alternate lifts and tie patterns D ~ F provide ties at every lift, which is normally required for taller scattolds. Where ledger-bracing is fitted, at least 50% of the ties should be fixed to ledger-braced standards. Typical arrangements of ties at alternate its: AcTesatbopeoced anes, S:S0S tenaledgetroce ames. Tachi s doubled. ° Typieal arrangements o ties at every lit: b.Tesatledgrbracedtams S08 sal aiprtcod tames FTody doubled o NATIONAL ACCESS AND SCAFFOLDING CONFEDERATION 9Tie patterns C or F provide half the number of ties with doubled tie duty and may only be used if stated by the TG20 compliance sheet. These tie patierns are typically only suitable for unclad scaffolding or debris-netted scaffolding in i mca winds ied toa fagade witout slficant openings Birdcages Scaffolding clad with sheeting or debris-netting should be tied at the top litt at_ ~————_ A TG20:21 compliant birdcage may be used internally or externally, in alternate standards. If cladding is required above the principal guard rail at the accordance with an appropriate TG20 compliance sheet. top lif a ledger-braced structural lft should be provided, which should be tied or plan braced in every bay if the scaffold height exceeds 6.0m. Load Duty Maximum loading Maximum bay size Guidance is provided in section 7.6 of the TG20:21 Operational Guide if these Oass. tie patterns need to be modified to suit local site conditions. 1 Access only O.7SkN/m? 2.1m x 2.1m(9 boards) Typical arangements of ies at aternat its or clad scaffolding 2 Light duty work 4.5kN/m? 1.9m x 1.9m @ boards) 3 General purpose 20kN/m® 1.7m x 1.7m boards) ‘The maximum height is stated by the TG20 compliance sheet. The maximum number of boarded lifts is also stated, which may be fully boarded, perimeter boarded up to 5 boards wide or boarded to provide ladder landings. One lift may be loaded at one time, with either one further lift 50% loaded or ‘one perimeter boarded lift loaded, ‘The maximum lift height is 2.0m, with up to 2.5m permitted at the first lift. The ledgers must be connected to the standards with right-angle couplers at each lift. ‘Tis at edgar braced tame, top ie, B: 5095 of tis at ledger-beace frames, top it ied ‘Typical arangements of ties at every lft for clad scaffolding The principal transoms should be connected to the standards with right- angle couplers below the ledgers. Board transoms should be connected with putlog couplers. A foot lift is required for ssingle-lit birdcages and external free-standing birdcages, : Tas at odgerbraced rams, top it et : 50% oF tes at edger trace frames, top ac Note: itemesto board wansom at ien-wovking is emited la y, 10 NATIONAL ACCESS AND SCAFFOLDING CONFEDERATION 31Mobile towers = The loadings and dimensions for TG20 compliant mobile towers are: Load Maximum Maximum base Maximum height esa oe dimensions interior tower Exterior tower 1 O75KN/m? = 2.7mx2.7m 95m 8.0m 2 18kN/im?—2.tmx 2.1m 74m 6am 3 20KN/m® —1.8mx 1.8m 63m 54m ‘The requirements for mobile towers are 1s for free-standing towers (see page 29) with these differences: Y Supported by swivel-type castors, fixed to the standards. Y Maximum 3.5:1 height-to-base ratio. for interior towers not exposed to the wind. Y Maximum 3:1 height-to-base ratio for exterior towers. A foot lift is required, e Bracing on all sides connected to extended ledgers and transoms with Fight-angle couplers. Plan braced at alternate lifts, including the foot lift and the top lift, VY’ The castors should be fitted with brakes, which should be applied during use Y ‘The safe working load of the castors must support the leg load stated by the 7620 compliance sheet. 30 When a scaftold is erected with lift heights greater than 2.1m, in accordance with a TG20 compliance sheet that permits a maximum lift height of up to 8.0m, every lft must be tied. 185096 es at edgertraced ames, 2.1~9.0m Mts ‘Where ledger-bracing is omitted at ‘pavement it, ties or plan bracing must be used to stabilise the pavement lift as described on page 15. Where the pavement ft is to be tied, ties should be provided at ledger- braced frames as shown, assuming the remaining lifts have a maximum height of 2.0m. Apavement lft in a scaffold with lit heights of 2.1-3.0m should be tied as shown in A or B above. NATIONAL ACCESS AND SCAFFOLDING CONFEDERATION "1Rakers — Rakers may be used in the place of ties for unclad independent scaffolding up to 6.0m tall. The rakers described here depend on butting to an existing facade land should not be used for free-standing scaffolds without a bespoke design. Rakers may also be used in place of ties at the first or second lift if the required tie duty of the scaffold does not exceed 2.7KN. The remaining lifts must be tied as usual. ‘Atypical arrangement is shown here, with further ‘options in section 6.23 of the TG20:21 Operational Guide, Rakers and butting structural transoms are required at alternate standards, connected with right-angle couplers. 12 Free-stonding towers ‘The loadings and dimensions for TG20 compliant free-standing towers are: Load = Maximum Maximum base Maximum height class loading Clmenisions) i Sree eae nee ier 1 OTSkN/m? = 2.7mx2.7m 10.8m 8.0m 2) 4.5kN/m? — 2.4mx 24m 84m 63m 3 2.0kN/m? —1.8mx 1.8m 72m 5.4m Y Loaded at one lift only. Maximum lft height: 2.07, Minimum base dimension: 1.2m, ‘Maximum 4:1 height-to-base ratio for interior towers not exposed to the wind. Maximum 8: 1 height-to-base ratio for exterior towers, Must not be clad if used externally or otherwise exposed to the wind. Braced on all sides and plan braced at alternate lifts and the top lift. End transoms connected with right-angle couplers. ‘A foot lift is recommended. At least two lifts of exterior towers should be boarded to prevent overturning. 120k 2 a 4 Re Exterior towers must be used with a Wind Management System and dismantled or stabilised if wind gusts in excess of 40mph are forecast. NATIONAL ACCESS AND SCAFFOLDING CONFEDERATION 29Ladder-access towers — An external ladder-access tower may be provided to a TG20 compliant independent scaffold, with the maximum height specified by a TG20 compliance sheet. The end standards must be ledger braced at every lft and wing bracing must be provided at alternate (tied) lifts, including the top lift. ‘The tower must be tied back to the fagade with tie tubes connected at the outer, middle and inner standards with right-angle couplers. Ties of a greater duty than those of the main scaffold may be required depending on the site wind exposure and whether the tower is clad: a TG20 compliance sheet should be consulted. 28 Additional guidance Additional guidance for tied independent scaffoldi Y G20 compliance sheets are provided for scaffolds tied to impermeable facades (without significant openings) or permeable facades (structures with significant openings that do not shield the scatfold from the wind). Care must be taken to use an appropriate compliance sheet. For sheeted scaffolding, structural transoms (connected with right-angle or band-and-plate couplers) should be provided within 300mm of every standard-to-ledger intersection and butt the facade, except where a tie tube is already fixed to the inner and outer faces. Structural transoms may be required for some unclad or debris-netted scaffolds if stated by a TG20 compliance sheet. In these cases they should be fitted within 800 mm of every ledger-braced frame at every lft. Itis recommended that ties are connected to both the inside and outside standards or ledgers with right-angle couplers. If ties are connected to the inner face only, the anchor point must be able to provide a horizontal restraint parallel to the building fagade unless it can be provided by other ‘means such as suitable end returns or butting tubes in recesses or comers.Structural transom. units — TG20 compliant scaffolding can be erected with prefabricated structural transom units certified as TG20 compliant by their supplier or manufacturer. Where prefabricated structural transom at every standard-to-ledger intersection. are used, they must be provided ‘The platform boards may be supported by proprietary intermediate transom units or extender transoms, or by tube and fitting transoms, Ledger bracing may be omitted from G20 compliant independent scaffolds with structural transom units only in accordance with a TG20 compliance sheet. The TG20 compliance sheet will state the maximum height of the scaffold, which must not be exceeded. Ledger bracing must always be provided for T@20 compliant sheeted scaffolding, even if transom units are used. An extending intaamodate ansoan unt 14 If the tower is constructed without beams, the maximum bay length is limited to 0.9m. The tower is constructed with 4 bays along the length, to a maximum total length of 3.6m, The corresponding bays of the access scaffold should coincide with the bays of the loading tower such that they are a maximum of 1.8m in length, with two bays of the tower for each bay of the scaffold, Structural transom at each ode position connected below the ledgor to the standard with Cass 8 right- angle couplers Board:-bearing transoms at ‘300mm spacing Class B supplementary coupler below the ‘connections with the ledger The ledgers must be connected to the standards with EN74 Class B right- angle couplers. supplementary Class 6 right-angle coupler is required under each connection between the ledgers at the top platform and the standards, except where a structural transom is present directly beneath the connection, connected to the standards. Plan bracing is required directly below the loading platform. Board: bearing transoms are required at a maximum spacing of 300mm. See pages 22 - 23 for further guidance. ae & Y” Aloading bay without beams may be erected progressively with staggered standards ifrequired. YI, the standards are connected to the ledgers with Class B right-angle couplers. Y” Asupplementary Ciass 8 coupler is required directly above the puncheon and below the standard. A structural transom : connected to the standards wil act as a Tom supplementary coupler i present. NATIONAL ACCESS AND SCAFFOLDING CONFEDERATION 27Loading bay without beams ‘Structural transoms connected to the end ‘and middle standards below each ledger with = class B right-angle couplers. 2 & & E i ‘Maximum 4.0m te interval Maximum 4%0.9m bays Pavement lifts Ledger bracing may be omitted below the first lft for pedestrian access to form a pavement lift. ‘The maximum height of the pavement lft is 2.7m and a minimum of 2.44m of clear headroom must be provided for pedestrians. ‘The pavement lft must be plan braced in every bay or tied at alternate standards to stabilise it. Alternatively the second lift may be reduced so it is no more than 4,0m from the ground and tied at alternate standards. Plan bracing at ‘every bay of the pavement it NATIONAL ACCESS AND SCAFFOLDING CONFEDERATION 15‘ATG20 compliant loading bay with beams is constructed with 2 bays along the length of the tower. The maximum bay length is stated on the TG20 compliance Cantilever fans sheet, but will be no more than 2.0m ifthe independent access scaffold is of load class 3, or 1.8m for load class 4, i) ALL ak h | ‘The maximum lift height is 2.0m, with ties provided at the end standards at alternate lifts or every lft, as specified by the compliance sheet. ‘lose boarded deck physically restrained to the supporting tubes. Maximum 6 boards wide. | light-duty cantilever protection fan Connected to the inner and may be fitted in ‘outer ledgers with right- Structural transoms at each node angle couplers at a slope of nenreegroen ppoint and at the beam connections approximately 1:12 ees Bs compliance sheet. They may intercept small objects such as fittings or tools falling no more than 6m, but they cannot guarantee to stop a falling object and must be used with a safe system of work. The lift at the fan level must be tied at alternate standards. The minimum clearance heights specified by the Local Authority must be observed for pedestrians (usually 2.44 m) Maximum 2x2.0m bays and vehicles (usually 6.051m). é 5 z 3 2 Materials must not be stored on the fan. 16 NATIONAL ACCESS AND SCAFFOLDING CONFEDERATION 25Loading bcry with beams — The loaded lft is constructed with 305mm deep steel ladder beams, or equivalent TG20 compliant aluminium lattice beams. The boards are supported by board-bearing transoms at a maximum spacing of 450mm. Abeam is required at each line of standards, including the shared line of standards with the access scaffold, so that 3 beams are required for a 6+2 board wide tower and 4 beams are required for a 10 board wide tower. ‘The beams should be connected to each standard with right-angle couplers at thelr top and bottom chords. Six couplers are required per beam. ‘Structural transoms at each node ‘Board-bearing transoms at 450mm spacing Lacing tubes are required at the top and bottom beam chords, connected to ‘each beam with right-anglo couplers. They are required at the top beam chord at each standard position and at mid span. At the bottom beam chord they are required at each standard position. ‘The lacing tubes should be connected to the standards directly below the beam chord, so they act as supplementary couplers. If this cannot be achieved, a ‘supplementary coupler must be provided at the standards below each bottom beam chord, ‘The beams should be connected with plan bracing in each bay, within the top third of the beam depth. Section bracing should also be provided between the outer and penultimate beams at each standard position. 24 Bridged openings in 720 compliant independent scaffolds may be made if assembled in accordance with a TG20 compliance shest. The bridge must be supported by a pair of beams: Y 305mm minimum depth steel ladder beams for two-bay bridges; Y 610mm minimum depth steel unit beams for three-bay bridges. Equivalent aluminium lattice beams may also be used if they meet the minimum structural properties defined on the TG20 compliance sheet. An aluminium beam of minimum 400mm cantre-to-centre depth will typically be required for a ‘two-bay opening or of minimum 700mm centre-to-centre depth for a three-bay ‘opening, but manufacturer advice should be followed. Additional pairs of beams may be required depending on the number of lifts above the bridge, as stated by a TG20 compliance sheet. Special foundations may be required for the standards supporting the bridge due to the additional leg loads they support. NATIONAL ACCESS AND SCAFFOLDING CONFEDERATION 7Bridge bracing ~ Additional bracing is required to stabilise the scaffolding around an opening: Y” Atleast one bay of scaffolding must be provided at each side of the ‘opening and between openings to accommodate the bracing. Facade bracing must be provided at both sides of the opening, at the 9 inner and outer faces ofthe scaffold, from the foundations to the bearn height. Y The supporting standards must be ledger braced at every if from the foundations to the beam height. The supporting standards should be doubled where specified by the G20 compliance sheet. Fora loading bay with beams Beam positions" Lacing tubes at bottom ‘beam chords Tied at aternate its back to the fagade (Guard rails Structural transoms connected below the <— ledgers to tne end and ‘middle standards at every it < Foot it Y The tower must be fagade braced and ledger braced at every frame. Wing bracing i required at alternate lits including the top It. Y” The tower must be tied to the fagade via the main scaffold at the en standards at alternate its. Y” Structural transoms are required at every intersection betwen the ledgers and the end and middle standards. Y’ The loading bay tower may not be clad with debris-netting or sheeting. Y” Double sole boards should be provided beneath the tower base plates. Y Maximum load rating signs should be displayed clearly. NATIONAL ACCESS AND SCAFFOLDING CONFEDERATION 23Loading bays ~ Aloading bay must always be provided where materials are to be loaded by ‘mechanical means or would be in excess of the scaffold load class (page 8). ‘A TG20 compliant loading bay can be loaded on one ift to 10.0kN/m? or may support two evenly-distributed pallets weighing up to 1SkN each. Aloading bay may be constructed so that the loading platform is supported by beams in accordance with a TG20 compliance sheet. Alternatively, TG20 compliance sheets are available for loading bays constructed without beams, which require a reduced bay length. TG20 compliance sheets are available for loading bays that are 6+2 boards wide or 10 boards wide over 3 bays (3+4+3 boards wide). 22. Bridge beam fixing The beams must beet the suppoting and supported standards (‘puncheons’) at the top and bottom chords with right-angle couplers. ‘The beams are braced with tubes and right-angle or swivel couplers to form a box girder: Lacing tube at the top chords Section bracing Lacing tube above the bottom chords ‘at a Supported standard (puncheon) Lacing and support tube below the bottom chords at a supporting standard Y Lacing tubes between top chords at every pair of standards and mic-apar Y” Lacing tubes between bottom chords at every pair of standards. Plan braced in the top third of the beams between lacing tubes. VY’ Section bracing at every pair of standards. EN74 Class 8 couplers must be used, or supplementary couplers provided, for the connections between the beams and the standards if stated by a TG20 compliance sheet. NATIONAL ACCESS AND SCAFFOLDING CONFEDERATION 19Inside-board brackets — Specific TG20 compliance sheets (with stated maximum safe heights) are available for independent scaffolding with inside-board brackets (hop-up! brackets) up to 3 boards wide. ‘Amaximum of one such platform may be raised above or lowered below the main platform, per elevation of scaffolding, to a maximum of 0.5m. The other inside platforms must be level with the main platform. ‘The inside-board bracket platform may be very lightly loaded to 0.75kN/m® only, suitable for access but not the storage of materials. Brackets are required at board ends and at 1.2m spacing as board supports. End guard rails are required at end frames. Longitudinal guard rails are not normally required when the inside platform is offset by up to 0.5m. Longitudinal and end toe boards may be required subject to the risk assessment, 0.5m. ‘maximum 05m) ‘Toe boards are required with 2 risk of faling materials Cantilever platforms Specific TG20 compliance sheets (with stated maximum safe heights) are available for independent scaffolding with a single-stage cantilever platform at the inner face, which may be up to 5 boards wide. (One such platform may be fitted to each elevation of the scaffold, at the main platform level. A bespoke design is required if multiple platforms are fitted at, one elevation or if the platform is at the end or outer scaffold faces. ‘The platform is supported by extended structural transoms at each frame ‘connected to the inner and outer ledgers of the main scaffold and to an under- slung inner ledger at the platform edge. ‘This ledger should be connected to the inner ledger of the lift below with raking tubes fixed with right- angle couplers at each frame. End guard rails and toe boards must be provided at end frames. ‘The cantilever platform may be very lightly loaded to 0.75kN/m? only, Suitable for access but not the storage of materials. Board transoms are required at 1.2m maximum spacing, Ties are required at the platform level at alternate standards, connected to the inner, middle and outer ledgers with right-angle couplers. ‘The distance between the main scaffold and the building at the lifts below should be minimised to avoid long unrestrained tie tubes. NATIONAL ACCESS AND SCAFFOLDING CONFEDERATION 21